Gender differences in the choice of field of study and the relevance of income information: Insights from a field experiment
Autor/in:
Finger, Claudia; Solga, Heike; Ehlert, Martin; Rusconi, Alessandra
Quelle: Research in Social Stratification and Mobility, (2020) 65, S 1-49
Details
Inhalt: Research consistently reports pronounced earnings differences between men and women, even among the highly educated. This article investigates whether students' responsiveness to information on income returns relates to gender differences in major choices, which might contribute to the persistent gender wage gap. We use field-experimental panel data on students in Berlin (Germany), starting one year before high school graduation. Our intervention comprised information on major-specific returns to college and was provided to students in randomly selected schools. By comparing the major-specific application decisions of "treated" and "untreated" high school seniors, we examine whether, and why, male and female students respond differently to this information. As potential mechanisms behind a gender-specific treatment effect, we analyze the role of gender stereotypes and roles associated with certain job attributes. We find that providing income information on college majors only influences the major choices of male (not female) students with college intention: treated male students on average applied to majors associated with higher mean income. Further analyses suggest that this gender difference in the treatment effect cannot be explained by differential distributions or effects of preferred job attributes.
Schlagwörter:choice of studies; Stereotyp; Berufswahl; decision making criterion; gender role; Einkommensunterschied; Federal Republic of Germany; stereotype; occupational choice; Geschlechtsrolle; difference in income; Entscheidungskriterium; Lohnhöhe; wage level; gender-specific factors; Studienwahl; college major choice; field experiment; gender inequality; information; monetary returns
SSOAR Kategorie:Berufsforschung, Berufssoziologie, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Protective Behavior in Course of the COVID-19 Outbreak: Survey Results From Germany
Autor/in:
Lüdecke, Daniel; Knesebeck, Olaf von dem
Quelle: Frontiers in Public Health, 8 (2020) 572561, S 1-8
Details
Inhalt: Objective: The COVID-19 outbreak means far-reaching changes in the organization of daily lives. Disease-related literacy and factors such as age, gender, or education play a major role in shaping individual practices of protective behavior. This paper investigates different types and frequency of practicing protective behaviors, as well as socio-demographic factors that are associated with such behavioral change. Methods: Data stem from a cross-sectional survey in Germany. Three thousand seven hundred and sixty-five people were contacted, 3,186 participated in the survey. Information on behavior to lower the risk of becoming infected with COVID-19 was assessed by nine items (answer options yes/no). For each item, logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (OR), using education, sex, and age as main predictors and adjusting for partnership status and household composition. Results: People with lower educational level were less likely to avoid gatherings (OR = 0.63; 95%CI = 0.48–0.83), adapt their work situation (OR = 0.66; 95%CI = 0.52–0.82), reduce personal contacts and meetings (OR = 0.71; 95%CI = 0.55–0.93), or increase hand hygiene (OR = 0.53; 95%CI = 0.38–0.73). Being female was associated with higher odds of protective behavior for most outcomes. Exceptions were wearing face masks and adapting the own work situation. Associations between respondents' age and individual behavior change were inconsistent and mostly weak. Conclusion: Disease specific knowledge is essential in order to enable people to judge information on COVID-19. Health education programs aiming at improving COVID-19 knowledge are helpful to build up appropriate practices and reduce the spread of the disease. Strategies are needed to guarantee easy access and better dissemination of high-quality news and fact-checks. Socioeconomic characteristics should be taken into account in the development of infection control measures.
Schlagwörter:Gesundheitsverhalten; demographic factors; Bildungsungleichheit; Epidemie; epidemic; Verhaltensänderung; behavior modification; educational inequality; Federal Republic of Germany; social inequality; soziale Faktoren; demographische Faktoren; health behavior; soziale Ungleichheit; social factors; ZA5664 v35.0.0: GESIS Panel - Extended Edition; ZA5667 v1.1.0: GESIS Panel Special Survey on the Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 Outbreak in Germany; COVID-19; Corona; daily practice
SSOAR Kategorie:Gesundheitspolitik
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
The health of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex people
Titelübersetzung:Die gesundheitliche Lage von lesbischen, schwulen, bisexuellen sowie trans- und intergeschlechtlichen Menschen
Autor/in:
Pöge, Kathleen; Dennert, Gabriele; Koppe, Uwe; Güldenring, Annette; Matthigack, Ev B.; Rommel, Alexander
Quelle: Journal of Health Monitoring, 5 (2020) S1, S 1-27
Details
Inhalt: Sex, gender and sexual orientation are diverse, as are the ways of living associated with them. The extent to which people can live a free and self-determined life according to their own body, gender, sexuality and way of life influences their social resources, opportunities for participation and discrimination and has an influence on their life situation and health. A narrative review of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex (LGBTI) health was conducted including international and German reviews, meta-analyses and population-based studies. The focus of this article is the legal, social and medical recognition as well as health status of LGBTI people in Germany. While the legal framework in Germany for homosexual and bisexual people has gradually improved, many civil society stakeholders have pointed to major deficits in the medical and legal recognition of transgender and intersex people. In addition, scientific findings frequently have not yet found its way into medical practice to an adequate extent. Available data on LGBTI health indicate a need for action in the areas of mental health and health care provision. However, due to a lack of comprehensive data, conclusions cannot be drawn on the general health situation and health resources of LGBTI people. For the concrete planning and implementation of measures as well as the differentiated portrayal of the situation in Germany, the databases must be expanded, not least via population-representative surveys.
Schlagwörter:Gesundheit; health; gender; Transsexualität; transsexualism; sexuelle Orientierung; sexual orientation; Homosexualität; homosexuality; Bisexualität; bisexuality; Gesellschaft; society; Gesundheitszustand; health status; Gesundheitsversorgung; health care; Lebensweise; way of life; Sexualität; sexuality; Diskriminierung; discrimination; rechtliche Faktoren; legal factors; Menschenrechte; human rights; Gleichstellung; affirmative action; medizinische Faktoren; medical factors; psychische Gesundheit; mental health; Gesundheitsförderung; health promotion; SOEP; SOEP; Mikrozensus; microcensus; Federal Republic of Germany; sex and gender; intersex; transgender
SSOAR Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Medizinsoziologie
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Unterstützen die Bürger*innen die Einführung von Quoten und anderen Gleichstellungsmaßnahmen in Deutschland?
Autor/in:
Coffé, Hilde; Reiser, Marion
Quelle: Zeitschrift für Parteienwissenschaften (MIP), 26 (2020) 2, S 180-185
Details
Inhalt: Ausgehend von den vielfältigen Debatten um Quoten und weitere Gleichstellungsmaßnahmen zur Erhöhung des Anteils unterrepräsentierter Gruppen in den Parlamenten untersucht der Beitrag die Einstellungen der Bürger*innen in Deutschland zu diesen Maßnahmen für Frauen und Personen mit Migrationshintergrund. Insgesamt befürwortet nur eine Minderheit Quoten, wobei insbesondere gesetzliche Quoten und Maßnahmen für Personen mit Migrationshintergrund nur eine sehr geringe Unterstützung erfahren. Frauen und Anhänger*innen linker Parteien unterstützen signifikant häufiger positive Maßnahmen. Die Verbesserung der deskriptiven Repräsentation im Parlament wird von den Befragten als wichtigster Grund für die Unterstützung von Maßnahmen genannt.
Schlagwörter:Quote; quota; Gleichstellung; affirmative action; Gesetz; act; Maßnahme; measure; Abgeordneter; representative; öffentliche Meinung; public opinion; woman; Migrationshintergrund; migration background; Parlament; parliament; Gleichstellungspolitik; equal opportunity policy; Federal Republic of Germany; Paritätsgesetz; Gleichstellungsmaßnahmen; ZA5734: Long-term Online Tracking, T34 (GLES); ZA6815: Longterm-Online-Tracking, T35 (GLES)
SSOAR Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz