Deciphering political utopias: unions, female night work, and gender justice
Titelübersetzung:Deciphering political utopias
Autor/in:
Morgenroth, Christine
Quelle: Historical Social Research, 38 (2013) 2, S 71-90
Inhalt: "The group discussion is a qualitative method perfectly suited for analyzing attitudes and opinions at the supra-individual level and tracing the process of how they emerge. Psychoanalytic group theories expand our understanding of group processes by adding the dimension of the unconscious: groups, too, display defense reactions arid forms of repression. By adding this dimension, the authors can show how social groups proceed to collectively relegate important issues to the realm of the unconscious. In this way, social defense processes are reproduced in actu. In group discussions involving female union members, the predicament of working mothers comes to the fore particularly clearly. An excerpt from a group discussion illustrates that the women seem to perceive night work as the only realistic solution to the problem of reconciling work and family. Only when we turn to a psychoanalytic hermeneutics of scenic understanding are we able to reveal a repressed conception of life looming behind the paradoxical demand: the desire to overcome the separation of productive and reproductive labor in the lives of both sexes; a desire that can only be achieved if labor unions, too, perceive gender relations as a political challenge demanding their attention." (author's abstract)
Schlagwörter:Sozialpsychologie; social psychology; woman; Frauenbild; image of women; Frauenerwerbstätigkeit; women's employment; Nachtarbeit; nightwork; gender; gender-specific factors; Gerechtigkeit; justice; Arbeitsbedingungen; working conditions; Utopie; utopia; Gewerkschaft; trade union; Mutterschaft; motherhood; Familie-Beruf; work-family balance; Gruppe; group; Gruppendiskussion; group discussion
SSOAR Kategorie:Industrie- und Betriebssoziologie, Arbeitssoziologie, industrielle Beziehungen, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Erhebungstechniken und Analysetechniken der Sozialwissenschaften
John Higley's work an elite foundations of social theory and politics
Titelübersetzung:Elitetheoretische Grundlagen sozialwissenschaftlicher Theoriebildung und politischer Analyse
Autor/in:
Pakulski, Jan
Quelle: Historical Social Research, 37 (2012) 1, S 9-20
Inhalt: "John Higley' s work traverses the boundaries of sociology, history and politics in the best tradition of classical social theory, and it has inspired countless scholars across Europe, North America, Australia and Asia. This inspiration has worked on three fronts: paradigmatic, theoretical and empirical. Higley and his colleagues revived the 'elite paradigm' focusing on top national power-holders, where elites are seen as the key social actors and agents of social and political change. An interest in elite theory was also stimulated by his work, especially with respect to the relationship between the key characteristics of national elites, such as their integration and consensus, and the nature (democratic or otherwise) of political regimes. This theoretical work inspired numerous critical analyses of elite transformations that precipitated the post-WWII 'halcyon years' of stability and growth in Europe and North America, the liberal-democratic transformations in post-communist Europe, as well as the recent turbulences: the financial crisis and a prolonged economic slowdown. The work of Higley and colleagues also continues to inspire a revival of macro-theoretical interests, especially in the European social theory, social-historical research, and theoretically informed political analysis." (author's abstract)
Schlagwörter:post-socialist country; Western Europe; Elite; Transformation; Eastern Europe; North America; Demokratie; political change; Russland; Marktwirtschaft; consolidation; political regime; post-communist society; Russia; Europa; elite research; Paradigma; Eliteforschung; Nordamerika; Konsolidierung; postsozialistisches Land; paradigm; United States of America; theory of society; Gesellschaftstheorie; transformation; gender; politisches Regime; Europe; politischer Wandel; Grundlagenforschung; basic research; elite; USA; postkommunistische Gesellschaft; market economy; democracy; woman; Theoriebildung; East Central Europe; Ostmitteleuropa; UdSSR-Nachfolgestaat; theory formation; Osteuropa; USSR successor state; Westeuropa
SSOAR Kategorie:Allgemeine Soziologie, Makrosoziologie, spezielle Theorien und Schulen, Entwicklung und Geschichte der Soziologie, politische Willensbildung, politische Soziologie, politische Kultur
U.S. elite and public views an anti-terrorist military action: are women less militaristic?
Titelübersetzung:Die Bewertung antiterroristischer Militäraktionen durch Eliten und Bevölkerung in den USA: sind Frauen weniger militaristisch?
Autor/in:
Moore, Gwen; Dolan, Scott
Quelle: Historical Social Research, 37 (2012) 1, S 223-242
Inhalt: "Increasing numbers of U.S. women in elite positions lead us to ask if women and men share the same anti-terrorist policy attitudes, or whether elite (and non-elite) women are less militaristic. Using data from four surveys of elites and masses from 1986 to 2004, we examine men's and women's attitudes towards the use of three types of force against terrorists and how these have changed over time. Elite and non-elite women are typically less supportive than their men counterparts of military action against terrorists, but after the September 11, 2001 attacks die gender gap decreased and large majorities favoured such action. Among elites, but not the public, gender differences diminish among those with similar demographic and political positions. With negligible gender differences among similarly placed elites, and high levels of militarism among the masses, we conclude that U.S. elites have broad latitude in setting anti-terrorist policies." (author's abstract)
Schlagwörter:USA; United States of America; Elite; elite; Eliteforschung; elite research; politische Elite; political elite; Terrorismusbekämpfung; fight against terrorism; Bevölkerung; population; Einstellung; attitude; Bewertung; evaluation; Anti-Terror-Politik; anti-terror policy; woman; Militarismus; militarism; gender; militärische Intervention; military intervention; Regressionsanalyse; regression analysis; Militär; military; Macht; power; Gewalt; violence; vergleichende Politikwissenschaft; comparative political science; Nordamerika; North America
SSOAR Kategorie:allgemeine Geschichte, Friedens- und Konfliktforschung, Sicherheitspolitik, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung
Statistical matching of the German Aging Survey and the Sample of Active Pension Accounts as a source for analyzing life courses and old age incomes
Titelübersetzung:Statistisches Matching von Deutschem Alterssurvey und Versicherungskontenstichprobe als Quelle zur Analyse von Lebensläufen und Alterseinkommen
Quelle: Historical Social Research, 37 (2012) 2, S 185-210
Inhalt: "The paper examines the combination of the German Aging Survey (Deutscher Alterssurvey - DEAS) with the Sample of Active Pension Accounts (Versicherungskontenstichprobe - VSKT), as an example of how survey results may be linked together with administrative data using statistical matching. Statistical matching is a technique increasingly being applied in order to combine information from different data sources where no linkage can be made between records based on any unique identifier. This might be due to confidentiality restrictions or attempts to avoid the high attrition rates connected with informed consent requirements. The aim of this matching is to provide a combined dataset that contains more information than the data sources would on their own. In their paper, the authors detail some preparatory steps for making this match, such as the definition and adjustment of matching variables. The steps they describe may well be worth challenging on the basis of the divergent characteristics of the two sets of data. The authors also outline the procedure they used to combine the data sources, based on the Mahalanobis distance vector. Finally, the authors assess the quality of the matching by comparing the individual pension amounts that they can extract from each of the two matching sources as our external criterion." (author's abstract)
Schlagwörter:Federal Republic of Germany; Statistik; statistics; Matching; matching; alter Mensch; elderly; Einkommen; income; Lebenslauf; life career; SOEP; SOEP; Rentenversicherung; pension insurance; Kohortenanalyse; cohort analysis; Beschäftigung; employment; Arbeitslosigkeit; unemployment; Invalidität; invalidity; Pension; retirement pension; gender; regionale Faktoren; regional factors; alte Bundesländer; old federal states; neue Bundesländer; New Federal States; vergleichende Forschung; comparative research
SSOAR Kategorie:Erhebungstechniken und Analysetechniken der Sozialwissenschaften, Gerontologie, Alterssoziologie
What happened afterwards? Change and continuity in the Hungarian elite between 1988 and 2009
Titelübersetzung:Was passierte danach? Kontinuität und Wandel der ungarischen Elite zwischen 1988 und 2009
Autor/in:
Kristóf, Luca
Quelle: Historical Social Research, 37 (2012) 2, S 108-122
Inhalt: "This article examines social continuity and discontinuity in the Hungarian political, economic and cultural elites between 1988 and 2009. In these two decades, four empirical surveys (five among the economic elite) have been carried out at the Institute for Political Science of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences to explore the composition, recruitment, lifestyle, and attitudes of different elite groups. This large amount of data (4773 persons, in total) allows us to follow long term trends not yet analyzed and distinguish between several types of social processes in the Hungarian elite. The analysis complements but also augments some of the main findings of the earlier literature an elite circulation and reproduction under post-communism." (author's abstract)
Schlagwörter:Ungarn; Hungary; Transformation; transformation; postkommunistische Gesellschaft; post-communist society; Kontinuität; continuity; politische Elite; political elite; politischer Wandel; political change; historische Analyse; historical analysis; Lebensalter; age; gender; Bildungsabschluss; level of education attained; Familie; family; soziale Herkunft; social background; Partei; party; kommunistische Partei; communist party; Mitgliedschaft; membership; Wirtschaftselite; economic elite; Manager; manager; Kultur; culture; vergleichende Forschung; comparative research; postsozialistisches Land; post-socialist country
SSOAR Kategorie:Sozialgeschichte, historische Sozialforschung, politische Willensbildung, politische Soziologie, politische Kultur
Reading affect - on the heterotopian spaces of care and domestic work in private households
Titelübersetzung:Das Lesen von Affekten: über den heterotopischen Raum von Care- und Hausarbeit in Privathaushalten
Autor/in:
Gutiérrez Rodriguez, Encarnacion
Quelle: Historical Social Research, 33 (2008) 1, S 252-277
Inhalt: 'Im Zentrum dieses Aufsatzes steht das 'Lesen' und Interpretieren von Affekten. Dies soll am Beispiel einer diskursiv-dekonstruktiven Analyse von Interviews mit 'Care'- bzw. Hausarbeiterinnen sowie deren Arbeitgeberinnen, die die Verfasserin im Rahmen einer ethnographischen Studie durchgeführt hat, diskutiert werden. Es wird gezeigt, wie eine dekonstruktive Lektüre von Affekten zu einem Verstehen (a) der Einbindung des Subjekts der Aussage in einen diskursiven Rahmen und (b) der Intensität in der Begegnung zwischen 'Care' - bzw. Hausarbeiterinnen und deren Arbeitgeberinnen beitragen kann. Diese Begegnungen ereignen sich in einem 'heterotopischen Raum', d.h. einem heterogener Raum, der auch von den Folgen affektiver Ereignisse durchzogen ist. In diesem Zusammenhang meint Affekt eine mehr oder weniger organisierte Erfahrung, eine Erfahrung wahrscheinlich mit ermächtigenden oder entmächtigenden Konsequenzen, die auf der Ebene dieser Begegnungen wahrnehmbar ist, aber nicht unbedingt ausgesprochen und damit 'eingeschrieben' ist. Ausgehend von den Redeweisen derjenigen, die diese vergeschlechtlichten und ethnisierten Räume bewohnen, stellt der Beitrag folgende Fragen: Wie können die Begegnung zwischen Care- und Hausarbeiterinnen und ihren Arbeitgeberinnen auf der Basis affektiver Bezüge gelesen werden? Wie können wir Affekte als einen Moment der Intensität in diesen Beziehungen aufspüren? Wie kann die Lektüre von Foucault, Derrida und Spivak zu einer Theoretisierung von Affekt beitragen?' (Autorenreferat)
Inhalt: 'The focus of this paper will be reading affect. By working through examples of ethnographic research with domestic and care workers and their employers in Germany from a discursive-deconstructive perspective, the author will show how a deconstructive reading of affect can add to our understanding of (a) 'the speaking subject' embedded within a discursive framework, and, (b) 'intensity' in the encounters between domestic and care workers and their employers. These encounters occur in a 'heterotopian space', a heterogeneous space ruled by the effects of affective bonds. In this space affect denotes a more or less organised experience, an experience which probably has empowering and disempowering consequences, registered at the level of encounter, and not necessarily to be understood in linguistic terms, but which is analysable as effect (Massumi, 1996, p. 237). It is by thinking through the words of those who inhabit this gendered and ethnicised heterotopia that the paper looks at the following questions: How can this encounter be read on the basis of affective bonds? How can we grasp affect as a moment of intensity in these relationships? What can reading Foucault, Derrida and Spivak and thinking through them add to the theorisation of affect?' (author's abstract)|
Schlagwörter:Gouvernementalität; private household; Derrida, J.; governmentality; affectivity; alien; Migration; Hausangestellte; Pflege; Hausarbeit; Diskurs; discourse; interaction; analysis; Ausländer; housework; Migrant; individual; Federal Republic of Germany; social relations; everyday life; Foucault, M.; Derrida, J.; soziale Beziehungen; caregiving; gender; Individuum; migrant; Affektivität; employer; woman; domestic; Foucault, M.; migration; Arbeitgeber; Interaktion; Alltag; Analyse; Privathaushalt
SSOAR Kategorie:Forschungsarten der Sozialforschung, Erhebungstechniken und Analysetechniken der Sozialwissenschaften, Migration
Clustering and dispersal of siblings in the North-Holland countryside, 1850-1940
Titelübersetzung:Räumliche Nähe und Distanz von Geschwistern im ländlichen Nord-Holland, 1850-1940
Autor/in:
Kok, Jan; Bras, Hilde
Quelle: Historical Social Research, 33 (2008) 3, S 278-300
Inhalt: 'Why are some families scattered over a larger area than others? In this article we use a dataset with the complete life courses of all children from 210 families, originating from the same village in the commercialized North-Western part of The Netherlands. We experiment with multinomial logistic regression on sibling sets to discover the factors behind geographical sibling dispersal. The most important factors turn out to be the survival of the parents, the civil status of the siblings, and the size and gender composition of the sibling set.' (author's abstract)|
Welt- und Globalgeschichte in Europa: Berichte über den 1. Europäischen Kongress für Welt- und Globalgeschichte im September 2005 in Leipzig
Autor/in:
Middell, Matthias
Quelle: Historical Social Research, 31 (2006) 2, S 13-109
Inhalt: In recent times World and Global History became
the fast growing sections of international historiography,
mainly due to the interest in North American universities,
but also followed by an increasing interest in other
world regions. The first European Congress in World and
Global History, held from September, 22 to 25, 2005 at the
University of Leipzig, explored the field and tried to answer
if there are specific European traditions and practices to
write and research world history in a global age. In the following
section reports from the panels organised during this
conference give an impression of a first step towards a new
way to think and to discuss about history on the European
continent but also in contact with scholars from Australia,
the Americas, Asia and Africa.
Schlagwörter:nutrition; sociology; historische Entwicklung; world order; invasion; World War; Japan; Germany; historical development; economic factors; Geschichtsunterricht; Mitteleuropa; Regionalforschung; Intervention; Transfer; regional research; Vietnam; research facility; Vietnam; Europe; middle ages; Missionierung; globalization; Ernährung; migration; Great Britain; Urheberrecht; Wirtschaft; China; Mittelalter; Wissen; Westeuropa; Evolution; Imperialismus; Eastern Europe; kulturelle Faktoren; economic history; frühe Neuzeit; Geschichtsschreibung; Türkei; international organization; Völkermord; world; Kultur; Japan; soccer; Osteuropa; media; americanization; Nordeuropa; Moderne; Western Europe; Globalisierung; transfer; Europa; Amerikanisierung; intervention; Northern Europe; Wirtschaftsgeschichte; United States of America; gender; Welt; genocide; Deutschland; wirtschaftliche Faktoren; Central Europe; Großbritannien; USA; Weltkrieg; Forschungseinrichtung; science of history; Konzeption; copyright; Deutsches Kaiserreich; modernity; imperialism; evolution; organizations; Migration; Organisationen; Medien; culture; Südeuropa; historiography; Soziologie; China; early modern times; Turkey; Fußball; internationale Organisation; cultural factors; history instruction; knowledge; Geschichtswissenschaft; Invasion; German Empire; missionary work; Weltordnung; economy; Southern Europe; conception
Geschwisterbeziehungen, Erbrechte und Migrationsformen in Bergbauern-Gesellschaften in einer ethnologischen Perspektive (Nepal, 20. Jahrhundert)
Titelübersetzung:Relationships between siblings, inheritance laws and migration forms in mining societies from the viewpoint of ethnology (Nepal, 20th century)
Autor/in:
Egli, Werner M.
Quelle: Historical Social Research, 30 (2005) 3, S 49-60
Inhalt: 'Die Betrachtung von Geschwisterbeziehungen aus einer historischen Perspektive schließt weitgehend die empirische Analyse von emotionalen Aspekten und praktischem Rollenverhalten aus, während der ethnographische Ansatz es erlaubt, diese Dimension einzuschließen. In vergleichender Weise beschreibt der Autor zwei nepalesische Hochlandgesellschaften zuerst hinsichtlich der gegebenen sozio-strukturellen Faktoren: Das Sunuwar-Dorf ist charakterisiert durch die nukleare Familie, präferentielle Ultimogenitur, ein hohes Heiratsalter, ein Brautpreissystem und weit reichende Migration. Das Chetri-Dorf ist charakterisiert durch die erweiterte Familie, gleiches Erbrecht, ein niedriges Heiratsalter, ein Mitgiftssystem und die Expansion innerhalb der Nachbarschaft. Gemäß der verschiedenen strukturellen Merkmale unterscheiden sich die beobachteten Geschwisterbeziehungen: Unter den Sunuwar finden wir ein System von unterschiedlichen Rollen zwischen Brüder, das sich schon in der Kindheit etabliert, egalitäre und freundliche Beziehungen zwischen Brüdern und Schwestern genauso wie zwischen Schwestern und eine Kooperation der Geschwister des gleichen Geschlechts wie auch unter den Geschlechtern vor ebenso wie nach der Heirat. Im Gegensatz dazu gibt es unter den Chetri kein derartiges Rollensystem oder eine Kooperation, dafür aber einen boshaften Wettbewerb zwischen den gleichgeschlechtlichen Geschwistern wie auch zwischen den Geschlechtern, der sich mit dem Heiratsalter herausbildet und nach der Heirat in beiderseitiges Desinteresse mündet.
Inhalt: 'Dealing with relations among siblings in a historical perspective mostly rules out the empirical analysis of emotional aspects and practical role-behaviour whereas the ethnographic approach allows to include these dimensions as well. In a comparative way the author describes two Nepalese upland communities first in respect of the given socio-structural factors: The Sunuwar village is characterized by the nuclear family, preferential ultimogeniture, a high age of marriage, a bride price-system and long distance migration. The Chetri-village is characterized by the extended family, equal inheritance, a low age of marriage, a dowry-system and the expansion within the vicinity. In accordance with the different structural features the observed relations among siblings differ: among the Sunuwar we find a system of different roles among brothers already established in the childhood, egalitarian and friendly relations between brothers and sisters as well as among sisters and cooperation of the siblings of the same sex as well as between the sexes before and after marriage. On the contrary among the Chetri there is no such role-system or cooperation but a spiteful contest among siblings of the same sex as well as between the sexes emerging with the age of marriage and being replaced by mutual feelings of indifference after the wedding.' (author's abstract)
Quelle: Historical Social Research, 28 (2003) 4, S 167-187
Inhalt: Sammelbesprechung zu:
1. Wobbe, Theresa (Hrsg.): Frauen in Akademie und Wissenschaft. Arbeitsorte und Forschungspraktiken 1700–2000. Interdisziplinäre Forschungsberichte, 10. Berlin: Akademie Verlag 2002. ISBN 3-05-003639-7; 237 S.
2. Geißel, Brigitte; Seemann, Birgit (Hrsg.): Bildungspolitik und Geschlecht. Ein europäischer Vergleich. Politik und Geschlecht, 5. Opladen: Leske + Budrich 2001. ISBN 3-8100-3084-8; 203 S.
3. Scherb, Ute: Ich stehe in der Sonne und fühle, wie meine Flügel wachsen... Studentinnen und Wissenschaftlerinnen an der Freiburger Universität von 1900 bis in die Gegenwart. Aktuelle Frauenforschungen. Königstein/Ts.: Ulrike Helmer Verlag 2002. ISBN 3-89741-117-2; 384 S.
4. Maul, Bärbel: Akademikerinnen in der Nachkriegszeit. Ein Vergleich zwischen der Bundesrepublik Deutschland und der DDR. Campus Forschung, 849. Frankfurt am Main: Campus Verlag 2002. ISBN 3-593-37131-6; 427 S.
Inhalt: Under the main topic "Education, Science and Gender" the following books are reviewed: Wobbe, Theresa (Ed.): Women in Academy and Science. Places of Work and Research Methods 1700-2000; Geißel, Brigitte; Seemann, Birgit (Eds.): Educational Policy and Gender. A European Comparison; Scherb, Ute: I am standing in the sun feeling my wings grow… Female Students and Scientists at the University of Freiburg since 1900 until Today; Maul, Bärbel: Female Academics in the Postwar Period. A Comparison between the Federal Republic of Germany and the GDR.
Schlagwörter:historische Entwicklung; education; German Democratic Republic (GDR); university; Wissenschaftlerin; Federal Republic of Germany; Europa; historical development; post-war period; female student; Bildung; gender; Europe; international comparison; science; DDR; internationaler Vergleich; female scientist; gender-specific factors; Studentin; Nachkriegszeit
SSOAR Kategorie:Wissenschaftssoziologie, Wissenschaftsforschung, Technikforschung, Techniksoziologie, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung