To Achieve Gender Equality, We Need Women Entrepreneurs
Autor/in:
Akhtar, Shamshad
Quelle: IndraStra Global, 4 (2018) 3, 3 S
Details
Schlagwörter:woman; Empowerment; empowerment; Chancengleichheit; equal opportunity; Gleichstellung; affirmative action; Unternehmerin; ; women rights
SSOAR Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
The Two-Part Gender Revolution, Women's Second Shift and Changing Cohort Fertility
Autor/in:
Frejka, Tomas; Goldscheider, Frances; Lappegård, Trude
Quelle: Comparative Population Studies - Zeitschrift für Bevölkerungswissenschaft, 43 (2018) , S 99-130
Details
Inhalt: The two parts of the gender revolution have been evolving side by side at least since the 1960s. The first part, women's entry into the public sphere, proceeded faster than the second part, men’s entry into the private sphere. Consequently, many employed mothers have carried a greater burden of paid and unpaid family support than fathers throughout the second half of the 20th century. This constituted women's "second shift," depressing fertility. A central focus of this paper is to establish second shift trends during the second half of the 20th century and their effects on fertility. Our analyses are based on data on cohort fertility, male and female labor force participation, and male and female domestic hours worked from 11 countries in Northern Europe, Western/central Europe, Southern Europe, and North America between 1960/70 and 2000/2014. We find that the gender revolution had not generated a turnaround, i.e. an increase in cohort fertility, by the end of the 20th century. Nevertheless, wherever the gender revolution has made progress in reducing women’s second shift, cohort fertility declined the least; where the second shift is large and/or has not been reduced, cohort fertility has declined the most.
Schlagwörter:20. Jahrhundert; Italy; Netherlands; birth trend; fertility; Gleichstellung; Arbeitsteilung; Sweden; Familienpolitik; gender role; Familie-Beruf; Italien; Federal Republic of Germany; work-family balance; Kanada; Geschlechtsrolle; Norway; Geburtenentwicklung; labor force participation; Norwegen; Finnland; family policy; United States of America; Fruchtbarkeit; Erwerbsbeteiligung; Schweden; France; division of labor; Spanien; USA; Großbritannien; Finland; woman; Frankreich; Great Britain; Spain; affirmative action; gender-specific factors; Canada; twentieth century; Niederlande; two-part gender revolution; transformation of male breadwinner family model; women in public sphere; men in private sphere; women's second shift
SSOAR Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Bevölkerung
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Women's Coalitions beyond the Laicism-Islamism Divide in Turkey: Towards an Inclusive Struggle for Gender Equality?
Autor/in:
Çağatay, Selin
Quelle: Social Inclusion, 6 (2018) 4, S 48-58
Details
Inhalt: In the 2010s in Turkey, the ruling Justice and Development Party's (AKP) authoritarian-populist turn accompanied the institutionalization of political Islam. As laicism was discredited and labeled as an imposed-from-above principle of Western/Kemalist modernity, the notion of equality ceased to inform the state’s gender policies. In response to AKP's attempts to redefine gender relations through the notions of complementarity and fıtrat (purpose of creation), women across the political spectrum have mobilized for an understanding of gender equality that transcends the laicism - Islamism divide yet maintains secularity as its constitutive principle. Analyzing three recent attempts of women's coalition-building, this article shows that, first, gender equality activists in the 2010s are renegotiating the border between secularity and piety towards more inclusive understandings of gender equality; and second, that struggles against AKP’s gender politics are fragmented due to different configurations of gender equality and secularity that reflect class and ethnic antagonisms in Turkish society. The article thereby argues for the need to move beyond binary approaches to secularism and religion that have so far dominated the scholarly analysis of women’s activism in both Turkey and the Nordic context.
Schlagwörter:gender relations; Gleichstellung; Säkularisierung; Islam; Populismus; Laizismus; laicism; Islam; Autoritarismus; equal opportunity policy; feminism; Türkei; Turkey; Gleichstellungspolitik; populism; gender; gender policy; Gender; secularization; Geschlechterpolitik; woman; Geschlechterverhältnis; Feminismus; coalition; affirmative action; authoritarianism; Koalition; piety; women’s coalitions
SSOAR Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, politische Willensbildung, politische Soziologie, politische Kultur
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
When the Personal Is Always Political: Norwegian Muslims' Arguments for Women's Rights
Autor/in:
Helseth, Hannah
Quelle: Social Inclusion, 6 (2018) 4, S 59-66
Details
Inhalt: For almost two decades, the public debate about Islam in Western Europe has been dominated by concerns about the lack of gender equality in the racialized Muslim population. There has been a tendency to victimize "the Muslim woman" rather than to encourage Muslim women’s participation in the public debate about their lives. This contribution to the study of discourses on Muslim women is an analysis of arguments written by Muslims about women’s rights. The data consists of 239 texts written by self-defined Muslims in major Norwegian newspapers about women’s rights. I will discuss two findings from the study. The first is an appeal to be personal when discussing issues of domestic violence and racism is combined with an implicit and explicit demand to represent all Muslims in order to get published in newspapers - which creates an ethno-religious threshold for participation in the public debate. The second finding is that, across different positions and different religious affiliations, from conservative to nearly secular, and across the timeline, from 2000 to 2012, there is a dominant understanding of women's rights as individual autonomy. These findings will be discussed from different theoretical perspectives to explore how arguments for individual autonomy can both challenge and amplify neoliberal agendas.
Schlagwörter:Arendt, H.; Arendt, H.; Feminismus; feminism; Individualismus; individualism; Neoliberalismus; neoliberalism; Islam; Islam; Gleichstellung; affirmative action; Menschenrechte; human rights; woman; Muslim; Muslim; Europa; Europe; Norwegen; Norway; Brown, W.; public debate; traditional media; women’s rights
SSOAR Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Religionssoziologie
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Solidarity in Head-Scarf and Pussy Bow Blouse: Reflections on Feminist Activism and Knowledge Production
Autor/in:
Gemzöe, Lena
Quelle: Social Inclusion, 6 (2018) 4, S 67-81
Details
Inhalt: The author of this article discusses the ways in which gender equality and intersectionality are understood and enacted in two recent feminist campaigns in Sweden that use similar techniques to mobilise support for different causes. The first campaign is the so-called Hijab Call-to-Action, a solidarity action that took place in 2013 in which women in Sweden wore a hijab (the Muslim headscarf) for one day in defence of Muslim women’s rights. This campaign manifests the ways in which the notion of gender equality brings with it a norm of secularity, but also how the equation of equality and secularity is contested. The second feminist campaign discussed is the so-called Pussy Bow Blouse manifestation that aimed at taking a stand in the controversies surrounding the Swedish Academy as a result of the Metoo campaign in Sweden. The author looks at the political and discursive processes enfolded in these campaigns as a sort of collective learning processes that connect feminist activism and scholarship. A key concern is to critically analyse a binary model of powerless versus gender-equal or feminist women that figure in both debates. Further, the author shows that both campaigns appeal to solidarity through identification, but at the same time underscore the contingent and coalitional nature of identity in the act of dressing in a scarf or a blouse to take on a (political) identity for a day.
Schlagwörter:Feminismus; feminism; Muslim; Muslim; Gleichstellung; affirmative action; Gleichberechtigung; equality of rights; Religion; religion; Säkularisierung; secularization; Solidarität; solidarity; woman; Frauenbewegung; women's movement; politische Identität; political identity; Metoo campaign; headscarf; pussy bow blouse
SSOAR Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Religionssoziologie
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Ein- und Ausschlüsse durch Arbeits- und Sozialpolitik: das Normalarbeitsverhältnis als vergeschlechtlichtes Macht und Herrschaftsverhältnis
Titelübersetzung:In- and exclusion processes through labour market and social policy: theorizing power and dominance in the standard employment relationship
Autor/in:
Lepperhoff, Julia; Scheele, Alexandra
Quelle: Femina Politica - Zeitschrift für feministische Politikwissenschaft, 26 (2017) 1, S 88-102
Details
Inhalt: "Ausgehend von der hohen Bedeutung von Erwerbsarbeit als Medium der Vergesellschaftung wird in dem Beitrag das sogenannte Normalarbeitsverhältnis, das Normalität und Norm von Erwerbsarbeit in Deutschland abbildet, problematisiert. Mit Bezug auf drei unterschiedliche feministische Machtkonzeptionen wird diese arbeits- und sozialpolitisch zentrale Institution als Macht- und Herrschaftsverhältnis theoretisiert und gezeigt, dass diese den Ausschluss von Frauen geradezu voraussetzt, Geschlechterungleichheiten auf dem Arbeitsmarkt und in der sozialen Sicherung zementiert und damit in letzter Konsequenz ein Wandel in den Geschlechterverhältnissen und eine egalitäre gesellschaftliche Teilhabe von Frauen und Männern verhindert. Auf den Spuren eines neuen Normalarbeitsverhältnisses wird schließlich der Ansatz soziabler Arbeit, der Erwerbsarbeit in ihrem gesellschaftlichen Kontext begreift, als neues Leitbild konturiert." (Autorenreferat)
Inhalt: "Based on the great importance of gainful employment as a medium of socialization, this article analyses the so-called standard employment relationship, which represents the normality and norm of gainful employment in Germany. With regard to three different feminist power contexts, this core labour and social policy institution is theorized as a power and domination relationship that virtually requires the exclusion of women, makes gender inequalities within the labour market and in regards to social security permanent, and that ultimately prevents changes in gender relations. The article further argues that the institution thereby acts as a barrier for an egalitarian social participation of women and men. In order to develop a framework for a new standard employment relationship, the authors outline a new concept for conceptualizing employment. This concept comprehends employment in its social context and as a result provides a basis for gender equality." (author's abstract)
Schlagwörter:Erwerbsarbeit; gainful work; Normalarbeitsverhältnis; standard employment relationship; prekäre Beschäftigung; precarious employment; woman; soziale Ungleichheit; social inequality; Geschlechterverhältnis; gender relations; Macht; power; Gleichstellung; affirmative action; gender-specific factors; Frauenerwerbstätigkeit; women's employment; soziale Sicherung; social security; Emanzipation; emancipation; Federal Republic of Germany
SSOAR Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Industrie- und Betriebssoziologie, Arbeitssoziologie, industrielle Beziehungen
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Gender role attitudes in Italy: 1988-2008 - a path-dependency story of traditionalism
Autor/in:
Lomazzi, Vera
Quelle: European Societies, 19 (2017) 4, S 370-395
Details
Inhalt: Considering gender role attitudes as part of a broader cultural change related to the modernization process, this study adopts a path-dependency approach to analyze the support for the role of women in the public sphere in Italy since 1988. Modernization processes varied across Italian regions and the paper explores how different gender patterns developed accordingly. Using pooled data from European Values Survey, World Values Survey, and International Social Survey Program, the author assesses if this specific change is part of the postmaterialist shift and investigates the mechanisms of change carrying out cohort decomposition methods. The results address a reinforcement of traditionalism mainly due to the period effect that shows regional differences given by history.
Schlagwörter:Geschlechtsrolle; gender role; woman; Einstellungsänderung; attitude change; Konservatismus; conservatism; Kulturwandel; cultural change; Modernisierung; modernization; Postmaterialismus; post-materialism; Wertorientierung; value-orientation; Geschlechterverhältnis; gender relations; Gleichstellung; affirmative action; Frauenerwerbstätigkeit; women's employment; regionaler Unterschied; regional difference; gender-specific factors; Italien; Italy; Pfadabhängigkeit; path dependence; traditionalism; intracohort change
SSOAR Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Soziologie von Gesamtgesellschaften
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
"Fashion is political"?! Nachhaltige Mode und unternehmerische Feminismen in Berlin
Autor/in:
Fisher, Melissa; Neusüss, Claudia; Perrottet, Anna
Quelle: Femina Politica - Zeitschrift für feministische Politikwissenschaft, 26 (2017) 2, S 127-135
Details
Schlagwörter:woman; Unternehmensgründung; setting up a business; Mode; fashion; Genossenschaft; cooperative; berufliche Selbständigkeit; self-employment; Nachhaltigkeit; sustainability; Feminismus; feminism; Gleichstellung; affirmative action; Berlin; Berlin; Federal Republic of Germany
SSOAR Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Misrepresenting America's Women: Trump's Three-pronged Attack on Gender Equality
Autor/in:
Mushaben, Joyce Marie
Quelle: Femina Politica - Zeitschrift für feministische Politikwissenschaft, 26 (2017) 2, S 147-152
Details
Schlagwörter:woman; USA; United States of America; Gleichstellung; affirmative action; Frauenpolitik; women's policy; Diskriminierung; discrimination; Feminismus; feminism
SSOAR Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Frauen in der französischen Politik in Zeiten des Burkini-Verbots: von Marine Le Pen bis Christiane Taubira
Autor/in:
Roig, Emilia
Quelle: Femina Politica - Zeitschrift für feministische Politikwissenschaft, 26 (2017) 2, S 152-156
Details
Schlagwörter:woman; Politikerin; ; Karriere; career; Gleichstellung; affirmative action; Frankreich; France
SSOAR Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz