Incorporation of immigrants and second generations into the french labour market: changes between generations and the role of human capital and origins
Autor/in:
Brinbaum, Yaël
Quelle: Social Inclusion, 6 (2018) 3, S 104-118
Inhalt: This article analyses the labour market incorporation of migrants and second-generation minorities in France. Using the 2013-2017 French Labour Surveys and the 2014 adhoc module, we focus on labour market outcomes -activity, employment, occupation and subjective overqualification- and measure the gaps between ethnic minorities and the majority group by origins, generation and by gender. In order to elucidate the mechanisms behind these gaps and explain ethnic disadvantages for immigrants, we take into account different factors, such as education, and factors linked to migration -duration of stay in France, language skills, foreign qualifications, nationality- with additional controls for family, socioeconomic and contextual characteristics. We also investigate the returns to higher education among second-generation minority members compared to the majority population. We show large differences by country of origins, generation and gender. Across generations, most minority members have made clear progress in terms of access to employment and skilled jobs, but ethnic penalties remain for the descendants of North-Africa, Sub-Saharan Africa and Turkey. In contrast, Asian second-generation men and women encounter slight advantages in attaining highly-skilled positions. Controlling for tertiary degrees even increases the gap with majority members mostly in access to highly-skills jobs.
Schlagwörter:Einwanderung; immigration; Migrant; migrant; Minderheit; minority; Frankreich; France; Arbeitsmarkt; labor market; Humankapital; human capital; Diskriminierung; discrimination; Beschäftigung; employment; Bildungsniveau; level of education; Bildung; education; zweite Generation; second generation; Facharbeiter; skilled worker; Inklusion; inclusion
SSOAR Kategorie:Migration, Arbeitsmarktforschung, soziale Probleme
Role of non-governmental organizations in the daily lives of the Afghan and Pathan children and youth working on the streets
Autor/in:
Khalid, Asma
Quelle: Pakistan Administrative Review, 1 (2017) 1, S 3-18
Inhalt: This article aims to investigate the role and effectiveness of Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) in the daily lives of the Afghan and Pathan children and youth working on the streets. In this ethnographic research, 30 girls and boys, aged 12 to 16, were involved in the data generation. Three NGOs were selected in Rawalpindi and Islamabad. In this research, children and youth discussed that one of the NGOs is meeting the needs of education and other two NGOs are putting their efforts but to a limited extent. This investigation also revealed that none of the studied NGOs have focused on the work based learning and skills development, however contributing to a very limited scope. The studied group has valued the NGOs' consideration of respect and dignity aspects in their operations. It is concluded that NGOs need to plan comprehensively to play an effective role to improve the daily lives of their target groups such as children and youth working on the streets.
SSOAR Kategorie:Ethnologie, Kulturanthropologie, Ethnosoziologie, Jugendsoziologie, Soziologie der Kindheit, Lehre und Studium, Professionalisierung und Ethik, Organisationen und Verbände der Sozialarbeit und Sozialpädagogik, soziale Probleme
Quelle: International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences, (2017) 77, S 56-65
Inhalt: In this research, we have studied the population of street children in Khorram Abad in Iran, in 2015, with the emphasis on the role of economic and legal factors forcing children to work on the streets. The results of this research show that the issue of child labor is the consequence of both global and local matters. These children are the products of the urban society, poverty, and cultural, legal, and local factors. The research method is a survey, and the statistical population is the street children, aged between 7 to 18 living in Khorram Abad, in 2015. The sample population chosen randomly includes 242 people, and the required information was gathered using the questionnaire and interview technique. In Khorram Abad, Lorestan, economic crisis and parents' misdemeanor are the two main factors that force the children to fill their fathers' missing place by working in the streets. But, gender factors such as being a boy, and cultural factors such as belonging to a specific tribe are influential in the howness of this phenomenon. In this article, we have attempted to use native sources for a better understanding of the local situation of the phenomenon, and have proposed a few solutions to alter the current situation.
Inhalt: The following opinion piece concerns a reading of the work of Angela Davis and its application to the research on sport and social inclusion. It has the following aims: first, we use her work to argue that racism, as constituted via economics, helps to construct gender; second, we suggest that research on sport and social inclusion would do well to consider the work of Davis in forming a more complex reading of what it means to invite the participation -or inclusion- of women and girls in sport, both racialized and non-racialized.
An assessment of women's accessibility to poverty alleviation programmes in Kano State, Nigeria
Autor/in:
Bello, Aduke Olufunmilayo
Quelle: International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences, (2016) 73, S 54-61
Inhalt: This study examines the accessibility of women to Poverty Alleviation Programmes (PAP) in Kano State, Nigeria. The aim of the study was to identify the poverty alleviation programmes and assess the difference that exists btetween rural and urban women's access to them. The results revealed that there was no significant difference between the accessibility of rural and urban women to PAP in the study area (Chi-square value = 9.196 (df) 1, p = 0.002). Consequently, it is recommended that the government should ensure proper periodical assessment and review of the administration and implementation of PAP in the study area. This will make the accessibility of women to the programmes result oriented. This will enhance the achievement of proper awareness among women and increase their accessibility to Poverty Alleviation Programmes in Kano State, Nigeria.
Harassment Act Implementation in Higher Education Institutions
Autor/in:
Yousaf, Rizwana; Schmiede, Rudi
Quelle: Open Journal of Leadership, 5 (2016) , S 8-19
Inhalt: "Effective implementation of harassment Act might be inevitable to acquiring gender equality in higher education institutions and diminishing the influence of patriarchal and conservative mind
set. This study intended to explore implementation of the harassment Act (2010) in universities. Although Government of Pakistan has enforced harassment Act and Higher Education Commission
(HEC) made it mandatory to implement, none of the university in the sample has implemented it.
Various incidence of harassment has been reported by study participants and in certain cases, victims
are asked to resign the jobs as they refuse or fail to comply with the drives of male colleagues and heads. Lack of state and organizational control leads women to be silent and tolerant of harassment
and ultimately, it encourages perpetrator to continue the derogatory behaviour." (author's abstract)