Underrepresentation of women at academic excellence and position of power: role of harassment and glass ceiling
Autor/in:
Yousaf, Rizwana; Schmiede, Rudi
Quelle: Open Journal of Social Sciences, 4 (2016) 2, S 173-185
Inhalt: The study intends to comprehend the underrepresentation of women on positions of power and
academic excellence in academia. The study explained the role of exploitation and harassment,
which might hinder, when women were trying to climb to top hierarchical position. The majority
of women supervised by male heads, sexual harassment could be used as a glass ceiling to hamper
women to reach top hierarchal level. The majority participants were working on lower academic
and administrative hierarchy; they were experiencing harassment throughout the hierarchical
level. Similarly, they considered that harassment could contribute to the underrepresentation of
women at academic excellence and a position of power.
A stalled revolution? What can we learn from women’s drop-out to part-time jobs: a comparative analysis of Germany and the UK
Autor/in:
Dieckhoff, Martina; Gash, Vanessa; Mertens, Antje; Romeu Gordo, Laura
Quelle: Research in Social Stratification and Mobility, (2016) 46 (B), S 129-140
Inhalt: This study examines how within-couple inequalities, that is power differences between men and women in a partnership, act as predictors of transitions from full-time to part-time employment applying Heckman corrected probit models in three different institutional and cultural contexts; Eastern Germany, Western Germany and the United Kingdom. The analyses show that when women are in a weaker position within their relationships they are more likely to drop-out of full-time work, but that this propensity varies by context. The authors also find an increased tendency over time for women to leave full-time for part-time employment in both Eastern and Western Germany, but observe no such trend in the UK. This is suggestive of ongoing incompatibilities in the institutional support for equality in dual-earning in Germany. The study uses longitudinal data covering the period 1992 until 2012 from the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) for Germany and from the British Household Panel (BHPS) and the ‘Understanding Society’ data for the UK.
Schlagwörter:alte Bundesländer; Erwerbsbeteiligung; Arbeitsteilung; old federal states; part-time work; Haushaltseinkommen; division of labor; Hausarbeit; housework; partnership; Federal Republic of Germany; household income; Großbritannien; Teilzeitarbeit; neue Bundesländer; Partnerschaft; labor force participation; Great Britain; gender-specific factors; New Federal States; Ungleichheit; inequality; cross-national comparison
SSOAR Kategorie:Arbeitsmarktforschung, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung
Polish "handymen" in Germany: an example for the neglected "male" side of commodified reproductive work?
Autor/in:
Palenga-Möllenbeck, Ewa
Quelle: Universität Bielefeld, Fak. für Soziologie, Centre on Migration, Citizenship and Development (COMCAD); Bielefeld (COMCAD Working Papers, 109), 2012. 10 S
Schlagwörter:labor migration; role distribution; Betreuung; Pole; Pole; Hausarbeit; Rollenverteilung; role image; housework; Migrant; Arbeitsmigration; Federal Republic of Germany; social inequality; man; Rollenbild; labor market; Arbeitsmarkt; gender; care; migrant; Gender; child care; Mann; Kinderbetreuung; gender-specific factors; soziale Ungleichheit
SSOAR Kategorie:Arbeitsmarktforschung, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Migration
The Effect of Gender and Ethnicity and their Intersection on Work Satisfaction and Earnings in Estonia, 1993-2008
Autor/in:
Hansson, Leeni; Aavik, Kadri
Quelle: Studies of Transition States and Societies, 4 (2012) 2, S 3-19
Inhalt: "This article examines trends in the labour market position, defined in terms of three dimensions - earnings, perceived job security and overall job satisfaction - among four population groups in Estonia - Estonian men and women and Russian-speaking men and women. We explore how the labour market position of these groups changed between 1993 and 2008. We used data from 1993 and 2008, collected in the population survey Work, Family and Leisure, designed by the Institute of International and Social Studies at Tallinn University. We carried out a two-step analysis: first, we conducted descriptive analysis to explore changes in the labour market situation of men and women of two ethnic groups in the period of 1993-2008; and second, we used models of multivariate analysis of variances to examine how gender, ethnicity and occupational status as well as the intersection of these variables are related to earnings, job security and job satisfaction. We found that Estonian men have emerged as the most successful group in the labour market, while the labour market position of Russian-speaking women is the most disadvantaged compared to other groups in terms of earnings, job security and job satisfaction. We suggest that these labour market inequalities could be increasing, and that the interaction of gender and ethnicity might become increasingly important in shaping labour market outcomes." (author's abstract)
Schlagwörter:Arbeitsmarkt; labor market; Estland; Estonia; Einkommen; income; Arbeitszufriedenheit; work satisfaction; gender-specific factors; Mann; man; woman; Ethnizität; ethnicity; Stellung im Beruf; occupational status; soziale Ungleichheit; social inequality; Intersektionalität; intersectionality; postsozialistisches Land; post-socialist country
SSOAR Kategorie:Arbeitsmarktforschung, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung
The evolution of labor relations inside a Russian firm during late tansition: evidence from personnel data
Titelübersetzung:Die Entwicklung innerbetrieblicher Arbeitsverhältnisse einer russischen Firma in Zeiten der Transformation: Evidenz von Personaldaten
Autor/in:
Lehmann, Hartmut
Quelle: Historical Social Research, 35 (2010) 2, S 334-361
Inhalt: "Diese Studie bespricht drei Arbeiten, die sich mit dem internen Arbeitsmarkt einer russischen Firma in den Jahren 1997 bis 2002 befassen und sich dabei auf drei Themenbereiche konzentrieren. Die Arbeiten analysieren bisher nicht zugängliche Personaldaten, die die Arbeitsgeschichte jedes einzelnen Beschäftigten sowie monatliche Löhne und Gesamtvergütung im Jahresdurchschnitt beinhalten. Da diese Arbeiten Teil eines größeren Forschungsprojektes über interne Arbeitsmärkte in Russland und der Ukraine sind, beginnt unsere Studie mit einer generellen Einschätzung, wie die Analyse von Personaldaten aus Transformationsländern zur allgemeinen Literatur über interne Arbeitsmärkte beitragen kann. Kurzen Beschreibungen der analysierten Firma und der benutzten Personaldaten folgen die Motivierung und ausschlaggebenden Resultate der drei Arbeiten. Die erste Arbeit untersucht die Frage, wie die Kosten der russischen Finanzkrise des Jahres 1998 auf die Beschäftigten innerhalb der Firma verteilt werden und ob langjährig beschäftigte Arbeitnehmer von negativen Schocks abgeschirmt werden. Das zweite Papier betrachtet die Diskussion über die Lohnbestimmung in Russland und analysiert die engere Fragestellung, ob lokale Arbeitsmarktbedingungen einen wichtigen Faktor im Lohnbestimmungsprozess darstellen oder ob stabile interne Arbeitsmarktstrukturen von vorrangiger Bedeutung für das Personalmanagement der Firma sind. Die letzte besprochene Arbeit liefert einen Beitrag zu der Literatur über die Arbeitsmarkterfahrungen von Frauen während der Transformation, indem sie die Entwicklung und die Determinanten des geschlechtsspezifischen Lohndifferentials innerhalb der Firma aufzeigt." (Autorenreferat)
Inhalt: "This paper surveys three studies on the internal labor market of one Russian firm spanning the years 1997 to 2002 and focusing on three different issues. The studies use unique personnel data that were collected by us and that include the work history of each employee as well as annual averages of monthly wages and total compensation. Since the three studies are part of a larger project on internal labor markets in Russia and Ukraine during transition, the paper starts off with a general assessment of how the analysis of personnel data from transition countries can contribute to the general literature on internal labor markets. After short descriptions of the investigated firm and the personnel data at our disposal, the motivation and the pertinent results of the three studies are presented. While the first study looks at the question how the costs of a financial crisis are spread over the workforce and whether incumbent employees are sheltered from negative shocks in the economy, the second study is tied to the discussion of wage determination in Russia and analyzes the narrower question whether local labor market conditions are an important factor in the wage determination process of the firm at hand or whether stable internal labor market structures are of primary concern for its human resource managers. The third study contributes to the literature on the labor market experience of women in transition by analyzing the evolution and the determinants of the gender earnings gap in the firm." (author's abstract)
Gendering insiders and outsiders: labour market status and preferences for job security
Autor/in:
Emmenegger, Patrick
Quelle: University of Edinburgh, Publication and Dissemination Centre (PUDISCwowe); Edinburgh (Working Papers on the Reconciliation of Work and Welfare in Europe, REC-WP 02/2010), 2010. 36 S
Inhalt: This paper examines the role of gender in the relationship between labour market status and preferences for job security. We hypothesize that the insider/ outsider theory of employment and unemployment suffers from a gender bias. It neither takes the possibility of family-related labour market transitions nor the role of the household situation (division of labour, presence of children, dual-earner households etc.) into account. We adapt the insider/ outsider theory of employment and unemployment by incorporating the, on average, higher number of labour market transitions experienced by women into the model using interaction effects and by conceptualising the household situation as mobility and responsibility effects. Contrary to our expectations, we find no significant effect of gender on preferences for job security, neither in interaction with labour market status nor as an independent effect. In contrast, we observe that individuals living together with their partners and main contributors to the household income consider job security to be particularly important.
Quelle: University of Cambridge, Faculty of Education, Research Consortium on Educational Outcomes and Poverty (RECOUP); Cambridge (RECOUP Policy Brief, 6), 2009. 6 S
Inhalt: Gender gaps in educational access, schooling quality and labour market outcomes are pervasive in Pakistan. This brief discusses the findings of three recent studies in Pakistan that highlight the role of education in improving individual productivity, increasing earnings, bringing people out of poverty and providing a pathway to gender equality in the labour market. The papers note the policy implications of the research both for education and labour market policy.
Beantwortung des Fragenkatalogs zu der öffentlichen Anhörung des Ausschusses für Familie, Senioren, Frauen und Jugend zum Thema "Entgeltgleichheit zwischen Frauen
und Männern"
Autor/in:
Ziegler, Astrid
Quelle: Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliches Institut in der Hans-Böckler-Stiftung; Düsseldorf, 2009. 15 S
Schlagwörter:Federal Republic of Germany; Lohnunterschied; wage difference; gender-specific factors; woman; Mann; man; Einkommensunterschied; difference in income; Diskriminierung; discrimination
SSOAR Kategorie:Arbeitsmarktforschung, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung
Public-private sector segmentation in the labour market in Pakistan
Autor/in:
Aslam, Monazza; Kingdon, Geeta
Quelle: Journal of Asian Economics, 20 (2009) 1, S 34-39
Inhalt: This study investigates public–private sector wage differentials for male and female waged employees in Pakistan. This is done using latest nationally representative data from the Pakistan Living Standards Measurement Survey (PSLM) 2005. We adopt three methodologies to obtain robust estimates of the wage differential and the results reveal that public sector workers enjoy large wage premia. The gross pro-public wage differential is much larger for women than for men. Our findings also show that while private and public sector workers' differing characteristics 'explain' a larger proportion of the private–public wage gap for men, this is not the case for women.
Schlagwörter:Arbeitsmarkt; privater Sektor; private sector; Pakistan; wage difference; öffentlicher Sektor; Lohnunterschied; public sector; Mann; woman; South Asia; Südasien; gender-specific factors; man; Pakistan; labor market; public-private sector; labour market
SSOAR Kategorie:Arbeitsmarktforschung, Entwicklungsländersoziologie, Entwicklungssoziologie, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung