Unbewusstes Diskriminieren - Sozialpsychologische Effekte und mögliche Lösungsansätze
Autor/in:
Vollmer, Lina
Quelle: Klemisch, Michaela; Spitzley, Anne; Wilke, Jürgen; Konferenz "Gender- und Diversity-Management in der Forschung"; Stuttgart, 2015. S 52-59
Inhalt: Frauen finden heute auf dem Arbeitsmarkt scheinbar optimale Ausgangsbedingungen. Sie genießen zahlreiche Förderprogramme und Gleichstellungsmaßnahmen, gleichzeitig wird verstärkt ein "weiblicher Führungsstil" nachgefragt. Vor diesem Hintergrund wird häufig angezweifelt, dass es Diskriminierungsprozesse sind, die Frauen vom Übergang in die Führungsebenen abhalten. Sozialpsychologische Studien zeigen allerdings, dass Diskriminierungsprozesse unbewusst stattfinden und somit auch unabhängig von der Befürwortung von Gleichstellung und Chancengleichheit auftreten können. Dies soll anhand einer Zusammenstellung einiger sozialpsychologischer Effekte verdeutlicht werden. Für die Praxis der Gleichstellungsmaßnahmen und -politik liefern diese Erkenntnisse wertvolle Implikationen und eine kritische Perspektive auf diejenigen Strategien, die die Nutzung geschlechtsspezifischer Eigenschaften fokussieren.
Quelle: International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences, (2015) 49, S 30-42
Inhalt: This study seeks to investigate the ways in which the speech act of disagreement is expressed by young male and female Persian speakers. To collect the data 100 participants (50 males, 50 females,) were selected randomly from among undergraduate and graduate students of University of Isfahan and Islamic Azad University (Najafabad branch). The focus of this study was on the role that gender and power might play in the employment of strategies to mitigate the threat of disagreement. Students were asked to complete a discourse completion test (DCT) designed by the researcher. They were supposed to read nine suggestions situations, and react to them via making disagreements. Respondents were expected to disagree with three interlocutors with higher status, three peers and three with lower status. In order to analyze the utterances of disagreement, Muntigl and Turnbull’s taxonomy (1998) was employed. The results revealed that although both males and females were concerned about the power status of interlocutors and try to apply the appropriate strategies while expressing their disagreements, females were more cautious and used different strategies from those of males.
Quelle: International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences, (2015) 48, S 78-90
Inhalt: The speech act of disagreement is one of the neglected areas of research in the Iranian context. This study seeks to investigate the ways in which this act is expressed by young male and female Persian speakers. To collect the data 100 participants (50 males, 50 females,) were selected randomly from among undergraduate and graduate students of University of Isfahan and Islamic Azad University (Najafabad branch). The focus of this study was the role that gender and power might play in the employment of strategies to mitigate the threat of the act of disagreement. Students were asked to complete a discourse completion test (DCT) designed by the researcher. They were supposed to read nine situations, and react to them via making disagreements. Respondents were expected to disagree with three interlocutors with higher status, three peers and three with lower status. In order to analyze the utterances of disagreement, Muntigl and Turnbull’s taxonomy (1998) was employed. The results revealed that although both males and females were concerned about the power status of interlocutors and try to apply the appropriate strategies while expressing their disagreements, females were more cautious.
Quelle: Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 18 (2015) 4, S 197-202
Inhalt: From the oversexualized characters in fighting games, such as Dead or Alive or Ninja Gaiden, to the overuse of the damsel in distress trope in popular titles, such as the Super Mario series, the under- and misrepresentation of females in video games has been well documented in several content analyses. Cultivation theory suggests that long-term exposure to media content can affect perceptions of social realities in a way that they become more similar to the representations in the media and, in turn, impact one's beliefs and attitudes. Previous studies on video games and cultivation have often been cross-sectional or experimental, and the limited longitudinal work in this area has only considered time intervals of up to 1 month. Additionally, previous work in this area has focused on the effects of violent content and relied on self-selected or convenience samples composed mostly of adolescents or college students. Enlisting a 3 year longitudinal design, the present study assessed the relationship between video game use and sexist attitudes, using data from a representative sample of German players aged 14 and older (N=824). Controlling for age and education, it was found that sexist attitudes—measured with a brief scale assessing beliefs about gender roles in society—were not related to the amount of daily video game use or preference for specific genres for both female and male players. Implications for research on sexism in video games and cultivation effects of video games in general are discussed.
Schlagwörter:Längsschnittuntersuchung; longitudinal study; Computerspiel; computer game; Sexismus; sexism; Cultivation Theory; cultivation theory; Federal Republic of Germany; Jugendlicher; adolescent; junger Erwachsener; young adult; Geschlechtsrolle; gender role; Messung; measurement; Einstellung; attitude; CATI; computer-assisted telephone interview; soziale Wirklichkeit; social reality; sexuelle Belästigung; sexual harassment; Wirkungsanalyse; impact analysis; Beeinflussbarkeit; influenceability
CEWS Kategorie:Sexuelle Belästigung und Gewalt
SSOAR Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Sozialpsychologie
Körperhandeln und Körpererleben: multidisziplinäre Perspektiven auf ein brisantes Feld
Herausgeber/in:
Abraham, Anke (verst.); Müller, Beatrice
Quelle: Bielefeld (KörperKulturen), 2015. 394 S
Inhalt: Körpertechnologie, Körpernormierung, Körperausdruck - Körperlichkeit und der Umgang mit dem Körper haben sich zu starken Themen entwickelt, die in diesem Buch facettenreich vorgestellt werden. Die Beiträge aus Erziehungswissenschaft, Ethnologie, Medienwissenschaft, Medizin und Biotechnologie, Psychologie, Sport- und Tanzwissenschaft sowie Theologie beleuchten Körperumgangsweisen in ihren historischen Kontexten, in ihrer Bedeutung für den Aufbau von Identität sowie hinsichtlich ihrer gesellschaftlichen und geschlechterbezogenen Implikationen. Der multidisziplinäre Zugang ermöglicht einen faszinierenden Einblick in die vielgestaltigen Wechselwirkungen von gesellschaftlichen Rahmenbedingungen, individuellem Erleben des Körpers und körperbezogenem Handeln.
Being a woman and having an injured body: a study of social representations
Autor/in:
Alves, Raiana Marinho; Carvalho, Evanilda Souza de Santana; Oliveira, Jeane Freitas de; Araújo, Edna Maria de
Quelle: Revista de Pesquisa: Cuidado é Fundamental Online, 6 (2014) 4, S 1513-1524
Inhalt: Objective: To discuss the social representations of women with chronic wounds about being a woman and having a body injured and the implications of these representations on social relations. Methods: Qualitative research with women with chronic wounds, attended at health units in Bahia who answered the interview in depth and draft-story theme. The data were submitted to thematic content analysis. Results: Representations about being a woman and having a wounded body are centered on ideas and experiences that reveal stigma, pain, sadness, loneliness, irritation, dependence, and the need to approach God. Conclusion: The representations of the participants interfere in the way of dressing, of relating to oneself and to the people in their surroundings implying in isolation and solitude. Representations reproduce stigmas about body image that do not meet socially and culturally determined beauty and health criteria.
Schlagwörter:woman; Schönheit; beauty; Körperbild; body image; Identität; identity; gender; Gesundheit; health; chronische Krankheit; chronic illness; Krankenpflege; nursing; Pflege; caregiving; soziale Isolation; social isolation; Einsamkeit; solitude; psychische Faktoren; psychological factors; Brasilien; Brazil; Lateinamerika; Latin America; Südamerika; South America
SSOAR Kategorie:Medizinsoziologie, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Sozialpsychologie
Meaning and influences of domestic violence: feelings reflected by women in the state of violence
Titelübersetzung:Significados e influencias da violência doméstica: sentimentos refletidos por mulheres em situação de violência
Autor/in:
Soares, Maria Cidney da Silva; Silva, Geane; Medeiros, Cláudia Maria Ramos; Araújo, Verbena Santos; Cordeiro, Renata Cavalcanti; Dias, Maria Djair
Quelle: Revista de Pesquisa: Cuidado é Fundamental Online, 6 (2014) supl., S 155-163
Inhalt: Objective: Identify feelings of women victims of domestic violence. Method: This was an exploratory, descriptive, qualitative approach developed in August 2011, in a women's police station, with 08 women who denounced the violence. We used the workshop to produce the data through semi-structured interviews, which were recorded and transcribed for analysis according to the analysis thematic category. Only after approval of the ethics committee and research under protocol number: 0078.0.405.000-11, this research was operationalized. Results: The results show that women are vulnerable to violence as a matter of socially constructed that it is inferior to males should be submissive and obey him. Conclusion: Women victims of violence express feelings of anxiety, shame and disbelief, and hope in order to continue despite all the abuse and violence suffered.
'Über das Dunkle im dunklen Kontinent': Leerstellen im Konstrukt 'weibliche Identität'
Titelübersetzung:The Dark at the dark continent - aggression, sadism and atrocity: blank spaces in the theoretical construct 'female identity'
Autor/in:
Hannemann, Isabelle
Quelle: Psychologie und Gesellschaftskritik, 36/37 (2013) 4/1, S 125-149
Inhalt: Der Beitrag diskutiert klassische psychoanalytische Perversionstheorie, um sich dem Konzept 'weibliche Identität' anzunähern. Diesbezüglich verbindet die Autorin beispielsweise Freuds Thesen zur frühinfantilen Entwicklung (die sich auf das männliche Subjekt beziehen), Melanie Kleins Konzept der "projektiven Identifizierung", einige wahrnehmungstheoretische Ansätze und stellt ihre Theorie der "phallischen Präformation" vor.
Inhalt: The article discusses the psychoanalytic theory of perversion to approache a model of the 'female identitiy'. Therefore the author links for instance the Freudian theory of primary development (which usually refers to the male subject), Melanie Kleins concept of "projective identification", some ideas of perception and introduces her theory of "phalic preformation".
Zwischen Selbstermächtigung und Unterwerfung: eine Analyse der Darstellung weiblicher Enthaarungspraktiken im Diskurs um Schönheitshandeln
Titelübersetzung:Between Empowerment and Subjugation: an Analysis of the Representation of Women's Body Hair Removal in the Discourse of Beauty Practices
Autor/in:
Steinicke, Katharina
Quelle: Psychologie und Gesellschaftskritik, 37 (2013) 2, S 69-89
Inhalt: Dieser Beitrag befasst sich mit der Schönheitspraxis der Körperenthaarung bei Frauen. Anhand der Analyse eines Artikels der Frauenzeitschrift Brigitte Woman, welcher dieses Phänomen thematisiert, soll Fragen nach dem Spannungsfeld von Selbstermächtigung und Unterwerfung im Kontext dieser Praxis nachgegangen werden. Gleichzeitig versuche ich in meinem Beitrag aufzuzeigen, dass die Sprechweise, mit der die Thematik verhandelt wird trotz selbstbestimmtem und kritischem Unterton das Phänomen nur auf eine Weise verfügbar macht, die eine fundamentale Kritik an dieser Praxis nicht ermöglicht.
Inhalt: This article discusses the beauty practice of body hair removal by women. By analyzing an article of the women's magazin Brigitte Woman, I want to look into the field of empowerment on the one hand and subjugation on the other hand with regard to this practice. Furthermore I want to point out that, despite its apparently critical tone, the way in which this issue is debated in the magazine does not make a fundamental critique possible.
Männlichkeit in der Krise? Zur Bedeutung von männlicher Geschlechtsidentität und Weiblichkeitsabwehr in sich transformierenden Arbeitsverhältnissen
Titelübersetzung:Masculinity in crisis? On the importance of male gender identity and defence of femininity in changing working conditions
Autor/in:
Roock, Marco
Quelle: Psychologie und Gesellschaftskritik, 36/37 (2013) 4/1, S 151-174
Inhalt: Die gegenwärtige Transformation der Arbeitsverhältnisse führt zu einer zunehmenden Verschärfung sozialer Konflikte. Dies hat sowohl Auswirkungen auf das Verhältnis von Arbeit und Subjektivität als auch auf die Geschlechterverhältnisse sowie auf die soziale Konstruktion von Männlichkeit. In diesem Aufsatz wird es darum gehen, diese Transformationsprozesse als auch deren Bedeutung für die Konstitution von Männlichkeit aus psychoanalytisch-sozialpsychologischer Perspektive in den Blick zu nehmen. Dabei wird es darum gehen, die weitverbreitete Annahme, dass diese Prozesse eine Beschädigung der männlichen Geschlechtsidentität zur Folge haben, einer kritischen Reflexion zu unterziehen. Demgegenüber soll die These dargelegt werden, dass die gegenwärtige ›Krise der Arbeitsgesellschaft‹ auf der Grundlage traditioneller männlicher Identitätskonstruktionen verarbeitet wird und damit androzentristische und misogyne Männlichkeitsentwürfe reproduzieren und stabilisieren.
Inhalt: The current transformation of labor relations leads to an increasing intensification of social conflict. This has an effect on both the relationship between work and subjectivity as well as on gender relations and the social construction of masculinity. In this paper it will be important to increase the transformation processes as well as its importance for the constitution of masculinity from psychoanalytic-social psychological perspective into view. It will be a question the popular assumption that these processes have led to damage to the male gender identity to the sequence to be subjected to critical reflection. In contrast to the thesis will be argued that the current ›crisis of work society‹ is processed on the basis of traditional male identity constructions and for his reason stabilizes and reproduces androcentric and misogynist masculinity concepts.