Inhalt: "Im Mittelpunkt des Artikels steht die Fragestellung, welche Verbindungen zwischen einer Weiblichen Kultur und der Krise um 1900 bestehen. Diese markante Zeitenwende konfrontierte den Einzelnen im Deutschen Kaiserreich mit einer Gesellschaft, die sich im Umbruch von der Agrar- zur Industrienation befand. Das Soziale und Kulturelle wurde in den Sog des Wandels gezogen. Die Zeitgenossen nahmen diese Umwälzung als eine tiefe Krise wahr. Das Geschlechterverhältnis war in einer Form von den Wandlungen betroffen, dass es zu den am meisten diskutierten Themen der Jahrhundertwende zählte. Krise, Kultur und Geschlecht überlagerten sich in den zeitgenössischen Auseinandersetzungen. An den drei verschiedenen Ideen einer Weiblichen Kultur von Georg Simmel, Marianne Weber und Benedict Friedlaender soll nachgezeichnet werden, wie sich die Verquickungen von Krise, Kultur und Geschlecht vollzogen und welche Rolle dem Weiblichen bei der Bewältigung der Krise von den drei AutorInnen zugeschrieben wurde." (Autorenreferat)
Sportlife: medals, media and life courses of female Dutch Olympic champions, 1928-1940
Titelübersetzung:Ein Leben für den Sport: Medaillen, Medien und Lebensverläufe niederländischer Olympiasiegerinnern, 1928-1940
Autor/in:
Derks, Marjet
Quelle: Historical Social Research, 39 (2014) 1, S 144-162
Inhalt: "Starting from the assumption that cultural historical analyses can help our understanding of changes in life cycles and life courses, this article explores the way in which a specific socio-cultural phenomenon, sport, changed and defined the life courses of women in pre-war Netherlands. While similar questions are often being researched from a psychological or sociological and hence short-term perspective, here a long term and biographical analysis is being applied. Focusing on a group of medal winning participants in the Olympic Games, the leading question is whether their physical talent allowed these women to pursue a different life course. A second question is how their international careers matched with dominant cultural life scripts, which stated that young women should prepare to become wives, mothers and homemakers. It can be concluded that the presented biographies reveal an ambiguous reality. On the one hand, sporting successes opened up several possibilities for the women concerned, who became public figures and their country's first national female sport heroes. Thus, they embodied the beginning of a new cultural feminine ideal that opened up existing scripts. Their personal life course underwent profound changes as well, albeit of a confusing nature. All coming from lower class families, they saw their social careers set off because of their swimming, but also getting disrupted because of it. Sport-related disagreeing life scripts were tensional rather than advantageous. At least in hindsight, the women blamed their sporting career for the strenuous course their lives took." (author's abstract)
Schlagwörter:Netherlands; Olympische Spiele; cultural factors; sports; life career; Berichterstattung; image of women; Sport; Medien; Olympic Games; kulturelle Faktoren; Frauenbild; Karriere; woman; Lebenslauf; career; reporting; media; Niederlande; cultural life scripts, inter-war era, sporting careers, female sport heroes, biographical method
SSOAR Kategorie:Freizeitforschung, Freizeitsoziologie, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Sozialgeschichte, historische Sozialforschung
"At age 27, she gets furious": scripts on marriage and life course variation in The Netherlands, 1850-1970
Titelübersetzung:"Mit 27 Jahren wird sie unruhig": Skripte über Ehe und Lebenslauf-Variation in den Niederlanden, 1850-1970
Autor/in:
Kok, Jan
Quelle: Historical Social Research, 39 (2014) 1, S 113-132
Inhalt: "Marrying too old, too young, or not at all could elicit scorn from all sides: family, friends and neighbours. The same could occur when a partner was much younger or older. During modernization new societal norms on marriage are supposed to have emerged and to have become more pervasive, as individual access to and timing of marriage became less dependent on family fortunes and family strategies. In this article, life courses of more than 15.000 Dutch individuals are studied in order to answer the question: was their timing of marriage and choice of partner related to (changing) life scripts - and what social or cultural groups were the carriers of these scripts - or still predominantly determined by family dynamics?" (author's abstract)
Schlagwörter:20. Jahrhundert; Netherlands; 19. Jahrhundert; soziale Norm; Ehe; cultural factors; marriage; wedding; Heirat; kulturelle Faktoren; socioeconomic factors; social norm; sozioökonomische Faktoren; woman; Partnerwahl; choice of partner; gender-specific factors; age; twentieth century; Lebensalter; nineteenth century; Niederlande; celibacy; late marriage; early marriage; age homogamy; life scripts
SSOAR Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Familiensoziologie, Sexualsoziologie, Sozialgeschichte, historische Sozialforschung
Life scripts and life realities: women in nineteenth-century Nijmegen
Titelübersetzung:Lebensskript und Lebenswirklichkeit: Frauen im Nimwegen des 19. Jahrhunderts
Autor/in:
Engelen, Theo
Quelle: Historical Social Research, 39 (2014) 1, S 104-112
Inhalt: "On average, more than one fifth of the 19th century Nijmegen brides were pregnant at the date of marriage. In a society where extramarital sexuality was explicitly forbidden, and where the success of marriage restriction depended on following that rule, this finding is remarkable. Obviously, the cultural life script that allowed sexuality only within marriage was not a script all inhabitants lived up to. A remarkable secondary finding is that the protestant population had a much higher proportion of bridal pregnancies than the Roman Catholic population, although both the Protestant and the Roman Catholic clergy strongly opposed sexual activities, unless within marriage. Therefore, when bridal pregnancy among Protestant couples was twice as high as among Catholics, this points either at a stricter control by the Catholic clergy, or at more deviance among Protestant youngsters. In any case, when studying cultural life scripts on sexuality, it is always important to note that it can be countered by human agency." (author's abstract)
Schlagwörter:Netherlands; 19. Jahrhundert; Protestant; Ehe; cultural factors; marriage; Roman Catholic; Katholik; Schwangerschaft; kulturelle Faktoren; sexuality; pregnancy; Protestant; Sexualität; woman; Lebensbedingungen; living conditions; nineteenth century; Niederlande; cultural life script; bridal pregnancy; extramarital sexuality
SSOAR Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Sozialgeschichte, historische Sozialforschung, Bevölkerung
Titelübersetzung:Geschichte des Wissens, Terrorismus und Gender
Autor/in:
Grisard, Dominique
Quelle: Historical Social Research, 39 (2014) 3, S 82-99
Inhalt: This article focuses on 20th-century terrorist phenomena as gendered objects of knowledge produced and disseminated through history books, mass media and state institutions. By taking 1970s West German terrorism as my field of inquiry, this article will critically discuss how a bourgeois understanding of violence as fundamentally masculine has shaped the way terrorism has been represented, conceptualized and historicized thus far. I will go on to problematize the mas-culine gaze of mass media and state institutions and their tendency to objectify the terrorist. Last but not least, I will delineate how mass media and historiog-raphy of terrorism have relied on a narrative structure that pits rebellious sons and masculine daughters against figural and literal fathers, a frame that is overtly masculine and familial. In so doing I will point to blind spots in the study of 1970s terrorism, namely masculinity and the gender of state institutions. My goal is thus to show how not just individual and symbolic, but also institutional facets of the bourgeois gender order influence the way terrorism has been conceptualized and historicized thus far.
Schlagwörter:Massenmedien; Diskurs; discourse; gender role; Federal Republic of Germany; Geschlechtsrolle; historiography; RAF; Geschichtsschreibung; feminism; masculinity; mass media; gender; Stereotyp; Gender; stereotype; woman; Feminismus; political violence; Männlichkeit; terrorism; politische Gewalt; Terrorismus; RAF; oedipal narrative
SSOAR Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Sozialgeschichte, historische Sozialforschung
Titelübersetzung:Politikwissenschaft, Terrorismus und Gender
Autor/in:
Herschinger, Eva
Quelle: Historical Social Research, 39 (2014) 3, S 46-66
Inhalt: This contribution aims to give an overview on the state of the art of research on terrorism and gender in the field of Political Science and International Relations (IR). Contemporary analyses of terrorism have begun integrating gender aspects into their frameworks. This article supports the call for a much more coherent use of gender as an analytical category as this is beneficial for the analysis of ter-rorism in a threefold manner. First, gender as an analytical category in the study of terrorism exposes the gender blindness of the term terrorism; second, gender challenges the political myth of protection central to international politics, i.e. that states can legitimately fight wars to protect the vulnerable – vulgo women and children. Third, gender also challenges the myth of an intrinsic peacefulness/vulnerability of women. The paper closes with the plea to integrate a coherent historical dimension into a gendered analysis of terrorism in order to potentially achieve a more empirically attuned theoretical understanding of terrorism and political violence in current times.
Schlagwörter:international relations; gender; Stereotyp; victim; Opfer; violence; stereotype; Gewalt; woman; political violence; Täter; internationale Beziehungen; gender-specific factors; terrorism; politische Gewalt; Terrorismus; political science; Politikwissenschaft; offender
SSOAR Kategorie:Friedens- und Konfliktforschung, Sicherheitspolitik, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Sozialgeschichte, historische Sozialforschung
Escaping/transgressing the feminine: bodies, prisons and weapons of proximity
Titelübersetzung:Weiblichkeit überwinden/überschreiten: Körper, Gefängnisse und die Waffen der Nähe
Autor/in:
Agra Romeo, María Xosé
Quelle: Historical Social Research, 39 (2014) 3, S 115-134
Inhalt: Assuming that gender relationships are essential to any analysis of terrorism and political violence, I shall examine how the sex-gender stereotypes work, as well as their transgressions. The female military protagonists in the Abu Ghraib media scandal and the women prisoners of the Irish Republican Army (IRA) during the dirty protest in Armagh (1980) are used as a framework in which issues of visibility/invisibility, independence/ dependence, invulnerability/ vulnerability of women will be addressed. The paper pays particular attention to both the violence against the body and also to the use of the body as a political weapon. From this perspective I analyse both the differences and similarities of menstrual blood as a weapon of proximity in both contexts. The two cases have in common the fact that they occurred in prisons and that women embodied non-traditional roles: soldiers, women political prisoners, allowing for reflection from feminist perspectives on the female inclusion in the citizenship, on participation in political violence and terrorism and on agency and autonomy.
Child-raising, childbirth and abortion in extremis: women's stories of caring for and losing children during the violence of 1965-1966 in Indonesia
Titelübersetzung:Aufzucht von Kindern, Geburten und Abtreibung unter extremen Umständen: Erzählungen von Frauen über Pflege und Verlust von Kindern in den Gewaltjahren 1965/66 in Indonesien
Autor/in:
Pohlman, Annie
Quelle: Journal of Current Southeast Asian Affairs, 32 (2013) 3, S 93-114
Inhalt: "In this paper I examine women survivors' stories about childbirth and child-raising during the period of mass violence following Indonesia's 1965 coup, as well as some accounts of abortion during detention. The focus of my research is not on children's experiences per se but rather on women survivors' accounts about what happened to their children. I discuss various aspects of these experiences, including: being pregnant and giving birth; caring for children in and outside detention; the harm and abuse of children; losing children; and forced abortions. These stories reveal much about how women cared for and lost children as well as about what happened to children during the violence of 1965. I argue that examining these experiences must therefore also be central to understanding how women and their children survived and coped with the mass violence of 1965-1966. I also argue that these stories of caring for children, as well as of how children were harmed or lost, were fundamental parts of many women's testimonies." (author's abstract)
"Leichtere Beschäftigungen": Geschlechterdifferenz als Leitbild der Forstlichen Arbeitswissenschaft
Titelübersetzung:'Lighter work': gender difference as a general principle in Forest Work Science
Autor/in:
Westermayer, Till
Quelle: GENDER - Zeitschrift für Geschlecht, Kultur und Gesellschaft, 4 (2012) 1, S 124-140
Inhalt: "Die forstliche Arbeitswelt präsentiert sich als Männerdomäne. Das Fach der Forstlichen Arbeitswissenschaft war seit den 1920er Jahren an der Gestaltung der forstlichen Arbeitswelt beteiligt. In einer Inhaltsanalyse 'klassischer' Texte dieser forstwissenschaftlichen Disziplin wird das in mehreren Dimensionen auf Differenz basierende Geschlechterbild rekonstruiert. Demnach werden Frauen und Männer hier fast wie zwei separate 'Arten' behandelt. Differenz wird vor allem durch den Bezug auf körperliche Leistungsfähigkeit und 'geschlechtsspezifische' Fähigkeiten hergestellt. Frauen werden als schutzbedürftig dargestellt. Damit wird die geschlechtsspezifische Arbeitsteilung in männlich besetzte Erwerbsarbeit und weiblich besetzte Familienarbeit für den Mann zur Selbstverständlichkeit. Abschließend fragt der Beitrag, inwiefern diese Differenzsetzung heute noch wirksam ist und worin die Vor- und Nachteile einer Umorientierung in Richtung Diversität als Leitkategorie der (forstlichen) Arbeitswissenschaft liegen könnten." (Autorenreferat)
Inhalt: "Forestry presents itself as a male domain. As a discipline, Forest Work Science (Forstliche Arbeitswissenschaft) has helped to shape this sphere of work since the 1920s. Content analysis of 'classic' texts from this sub-discipline of Forest Science allow the dominant gender image to be reconstructed as being based on differences in several dimensions. Women and men are described almost as different 'species'. That difference is in particular constructed in relation to physical ability and 'gender-specific' skills. Women are seen as being in need of protection. All these differences normalize the gendered division of work, assigning men the role of breadwinner and women that of being responsible for family work for the man. The article concludes by asking to what extent this differentiation still exists and wherein lie the advantages and disadvantages of switching from difference to diversity as the dominant mode of thinking in (Forestry) Work Science." (author's abstract)
Schlagwörter:Forstwirtschaft; forestry; Arbeitswelt; world of work; Arbeitswissenschaft; ergonomics; gender; Leitbild; example; woman; Federal Republic of Germany; Geschlechtsrolle; gender role; Mann; man; Leistungsfähigkeit; performance; körperliche Arbeit; physical labor; gender-specific factors; Erwerbsarbeit; gainful work; Familienarbeit; family work; Wald; forest; Arbeit; labor; Deutschland; Germany; historische Entwicklung; historical development; Arbeitsteilung; division of labor; Geschlechterforschung; gender studies; Diversität; diversity
Arbeitsteilungsmuster bei der Ernährungsversorgung von Familien: Persistenz oder Wandel?
Titelübersetzung:Patterns of labour division in the food work of families: persistence or change?
Autor/in:
Häußler, Angela; Meier-Gräwe, Uta
Quelle: GENDER - Zeitschrift für Geschlecht, Kultur und Gesellschaft, 4 (2012) 2, S 9-27
Inhalt: "Wie Zeitbudgeterhebungen und andere empirische Erhebungen für Deutschland zeigen, haben sich die Arbeitsteilungsmuster im Haushalt trotz gestiegener Bildungs- und Erwerbsbeteiligung von Frauen in den letzten Jahrzehnten kaum geändert. Die Ursachen liegen in der gesellschaftlichen Ordnung der Geschlechter, die nach wie vor durch strukturelle Rahmenbedingungen gestützt wird. Auf der individuellen Ebene bildet sich der Dualismus in geschlechtstypischen Identitätskonzepten ab, hier haben Arbeitsteilungsmuster eine konstitutive Funktion." (Autorenreferat)
Inhalt: "According to time-use studies and other empirical studies conducted in Germany, patterns of domestic labor division have remained almost unchanged in spite of greater labor-market and educational participation by women. This is due to social gender relations, which are still supported by societal settings. At the individual level the dualism is expressed in gender-typical concepts of identity. From this perspective, patterns of domestic labor division have a constitutive function." (author's abstract)
Schlagwörter:nutrition; Versorgung; housekeeping; Öffentlichkeit; private household; Arbeitsteilung; Hauswirtschaft; gender role; Federal Republic of Germany; Zeitbudget; the public; privacy; Geschlechtsrolle; supply; man; Privatsphäre; time budget; division of labor; Doing Gender; Familie; identity; woman; Identität; Mann; Ernährung; family; doing gender; Privathaushalt
SSOAR Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Familiensoziologie, Sexualsoziologie, Sozialgeschichte, historische Sozialforschung