Inhalt: The current investigation defines the organizational tolerance (OT) construct and statistically assesses its measurement instrument, the perceived organizational tolerance for psychological workplace harassment (POT) scale, carried out to evaluate the level of tolerance, negligence, or even connivance that can be shown by an organization when it deals with an inappropriate act occurring within its scope. Tolerance of such acts has been identified as a hindrance when trying to establish an effective and sustainable strategy for the well-being of workers. A survey that measures the construct was distributed, and 195 employed workers answered. In the first stage of analysis, a scale reduction process was applied to the obtained data using a factor extraction method, and afterward, confirmatory factor analysis was performed using structural equation models. The results validated the scale as a model of five factors: Promotion, feedback, ethics, coherence, and training. These findings indicate that this scale is acceptable as a quantifier of a key issue, namely, the diligence of the organization when dealing with psychosocial risks at work. This new construct is anticipated to be incredibly useful for measuring as much research as possible on the behavior of organizations when they deal with negative acts, with the aim of promoting sustainable healthy working environments.
Technology-Facilitated Stalking and Unwanted Sexual Messages/Images in a College Campus Community : The Role of Negative Peer Support
Autor/in:
DeKeseredy, Walter S.; Schwartz, Martin D.; Harris, Bridget; Woodlock, Delanie; Nolan, James; Hall-Sanchez, Amanda
Quelle: SAGE Open, 9 (2019) 1, 12 S
Inhalt: Researchers have accumulated much social scientific knowledge about the scope, distribution, causes, and outcomes of
the physical and sexual abuse of female students in North American institutions of higher learning. However, surveys of
technology-facilitated stalking and the dissemination of unwanted sexual messages/images in college campus communities
are in short supply. The few that have been conducted do not identify key sociological risk factors associated with these
two electronic forms of victimization. This paper, then, has two objectives: (1) to examine the influence of two types of
negative peer support and (2) to determine if being the target of technology-facilitated stalking and receiving unwanted sexual
messages/images are associated with female students’ intimate partner violence and sexual assault experiences. The results
confirm that the two variants of negative peer support examined in this study are significant predictors of digital victimization
and that such abuse is strongly associated with intimate partner violence and sexual assault.
Schlagwörter:campus; cyber violence; Einflussfaktoren; harassment; intimate partner violence; negative peer support; sexual assault; sexual harassment; Studierende; technology-facilitated stalking; unwanted sexual messages/images; USA
Sharing #MeToo on Twitter : Incidents, coping responses, and social reactions
Autor/in:
Schneider, Kimberly T.; Carpenter, Nathan J.
Quelle: EDI (Equality, Diversity and Inclusion: An International Journal), 39 (2019) 1, S 87–100
Inhalt: The purpose of this paper is to examine 2,102 #MeToo tweets and focuses on the content of the tweets and social reactions to these tweets. For a subsample of 912 tweets that included disclosures of sexual assault or harassment, the incident type and context, along with coping were also examined.
#MeToo tweets were retrieved from a 24 h time period immediately after the initial tweet prompting responses. Both sentiment analysis and content and context analyses were performed.
Although the overall sentiment of tweets indicated a negative tone, the majority of positive social reactions indicated validation and belief of survivors, offered emotional support and called for social change. Targets who disclosed generally described workplace harassment and assertive coping responses.
Sentiment analysis can be limited given a lack of context. Not all targets using #MeToo shared details of their harassment or assault; those who did reported using more assertive coping responses than traditional samples of survivors.
Social media platforms offer unique opportunities for targets to share personal stories and receive emotional and social support they may not have access in-person.
#MeToo provided targets with a groundswell of social and emotional support, along with a less frequent amount of backlash against the movement.
A multimethod approach was used with both sentiment analysis and text coding to examine #MeToo, allowing for a description of types of incidents shared, coping strategies and social reactions.
Schlagwörter:#MeToo; sexual violence; sexuelle Gewalt; Social Media; Twitter
The direct and indirect effects of organizational tolerance for sexual harassment on the effectiveness of sexual harassment investigation training for HR managers
Autor/in:
Goldberg, Caren B.; Rawski, Shannon L.; Perry, Elissa L.
Quelle: Human Resource Development Quarterly, 30 (2019) 1, S 81–100
Inhalt: Using a pretest/post-test, survey design, we examine whether organizational tolerance for sexual harassment (OTSH) affects HR managers' knowledge and myth-based attitudes regarding sexual
harassment, following training intended to improve HR managers' ability to conduct an internal investigation related to sexual harassment. We also examine the mediating role of motivation to learn in
these relationships. Results indicated that OTSH has a direct effect on knowledge about internal investigations, but not on myth-based sexual harassment attitudes. Furthermore, motivation to learn partially
mediates the effect of OTSH on knowledge and fully mediates the effect of OTSH on myth-based attitudes.
This study represents the first empirical investigation of OTSH on sexual harassment training outcomes (e.g., knowledge and attitudes) and the first study to investigate training with a sample of HR managers, who are responsible for investigating and managing sexual harassment claims within organizations. We hope to prompt further research that considers the role of context in sexual harassment training. In addition, as the current study is the first to consider the importance of how harassment investigations are handled, we hope to stimulate additional work in this previously unresearched area.
Schlagwörter:attitudes; climate survey; interventions; learning; measurement; Outcome; sexual harassment; sexuelle Belästigung; Toleranz; Training
Inhalt: Digital or hashtag activism in social media platforms such as Twitter and Facebook has gained popularity around the globe. Campaigns such as #MeToo and #YesAllWomen have drawn much needed attention to the problems of gender based violence and misogyny. This article is dedicated to a similar, but unique, campaign – #ЯнеБоюсьСказать (#IamNotScaredToSpeak) – that took place in Facebook’s Russian speaking community in July 2016. (It followed an identical campaign started in Ukraine, which subsequently crossed over into other former Soviet republics such as Kazakhstan.) The objective of this article is twofold. First, utilizing Discourse Analysis, I analyze posts associated with #IamNotScaredToSpeak, and argue that the campaign raised the visibility of the problem of sexual violence largely as a result of women’s active participation in it. A number of women who decided to reveal their personal experiences and others who stood with them against rape culture, helped increase the significance of women’s linguistic agency and made #IamNotScaredToSpeak the first large-scale feminist movement in Russia to date. Second, I will examine the specificity of the #IamNotScaredToSpeak campaign and argue that it was predominantly of a grass-roots nature with the self-organization and participation of ordinary people being crucial to the movement. By way of comparison, the #MeToo campaign, operating in the western context, was largely initiated and led by celebrities.
New survey indicates urgent need for research on sexual harassment
Autor/in:
Sørum, Benedicte; Aukland, Kristin
Quelle: kifiinfo, (2019)
Inhalt: The results of the national survey on bullying and harassment in Norway’s higher education sector are finally in. But the reasons why harassment occurs remain unclear, according to the Committee for Gender Balance and Diversity in Research.
Schlagwörter:Befragung; Norwegen; sexual harassment; sexuelle Belästigung; survey; Universität
Characteristics of precollege sexual violence victimization and associations with sexual violence revictimization during college
Autor/in:
Anderson, Jocelyn C.; Chugani, Carla D.; Jones, Kelley A.; Coulter, Robert W. S.; Chung, Tammy; Miller, Elizabeth
Quelle: Journal of American college health : J of ACH, (2019) , S 1–9
Inhalt: OBJECTIVE
To examine the prevalence and characteristics of precollege sexual victimization (SV) experiences and associations with revictimization and recent substance use behaviors among a sample of college students who reported precollege SV.
PARTICIPANTS
A sub-sample of 931 college students who reported precollege SV at baseline data collection for an ongoing multi-site clinical trial.
METHODS
Data were collected via electronic surveys between September 2015 and March 2017. Measures included precollege and during college SV, recent substance use, and alcohol-related harm reduction behaviors.
RESULTS
Precollege SV characteristics associated with revictimization included: Nonpenile penetration (aOR: 1.51, 95%CI: 1.04-2.19); pressured sex (aOR: 1.46, 95%CI: 1.06-2.01); and stranger assault (aOR: 2.03, 95%CI: 1.22-3.40). Past 30-day binge drinking was also associated with revictimization (aOR: 1.86, 95%CI: 1.36-2.54).
CONCLUSIONS
The relationship between precollege SV and alcohol, especially binge drinking, may require a more integrated approach to preventing subsequent revictimization.
Schlagwörter:Alkohol; harm reduction; Schadensbegrenzung; sexual assault
CEWS Kategorie:Studium und Studierende, Hochschulen, Sexuelle Belästigung und Gewalt
Quelle: Eur J Soc Psychol (European Journal of Social Psychology), 50 (2019) , 179 S
Inhalt: In this article, we develop and validate the 16‐item Support for Gender Equality among Men Scale across four studies. Drawing on exploratory (Study 1, n = 322) and confirmatory (Study 2, n = 358; Study 4, n = 192) factor analysis, we determine a twofactor structure: public and domestic support for gender equality. In Study 3 (n = 146) and Study 4, we validate the scale by establishing its relationship with, among others, several prominent measures of sexism, a behavioural measure, and social desirability. The scale fills a psychometric gap in the literature: To date, no validated measure of support for gender equality, measuring both attitudes and behavioural intentions and focusing specifically on men, exists. Considering the recent increase in interest in men as allies of the feminist movement the scale functions as a useful tool to explore the topic in depth in future research.
Schlagwörter:gender equality; Gleichberechtigung; male allies; masculinities; Maskulinität; scale; sexism; Sexismus
Inhalt: While gendered online harassment has received increased attention in academic and public debates, there is a lack of empirical studies examining gender differences in experiences with online har- assment. Relying on two independent large-scale population surveys carried out in Norway, this article examines whether women experience more—and different—online harassment than men, to what extent different types of online harassment silence its targets, and whether there are gendered patterns in how online harassment works as a silencing mechanism. Analytically, we dis- tinguish between different levels of severity of online harassment and what the harassment is directed toward. Contrary to popular expectations, we find that more men than women have experienced online harassment. The main reason is that men receive more comments directed at their opinions and attitudes; women and men are equally exposed to harassment directed toward group characteristics. However, targeted women are more likely than targeted men to become more cautious in expressing their opinions publicly. Furthermore, the gender differences increase as the harassment becomes more aggressive and directed toward group characteristics.
Schlagwörter:Gender; hate speech; Norwegen; online harassment; population survey
Applying the Haddon Matrix to evaluate sexual assault interventions on college campuses
Autor/in:
Mahoney, Patricia; Gielen, Andrea C.; Bailey, Maryanne M.; Gabel, Colby
Quelle: Journal of American College Health, (2019) , S 1–8
Inhalt: OBJECTIVE
A Haddon Matrix analysis was used to systematically review literature evaluating college campus sexual assault prevention programs to identify research gaps and intervention opportunities.
METHODS
Articles included were published from January 1, 2001 to December 31, 2017; indexed in PubMed, PsycInfo, or Scopus; involving English-speaking undergraduate students in the US; with experimental or quasi-experimental design.
RESULTS
All 31 eligible studies evaluated educational programing; all relied on self-report measures; and three-quarters had follow-up periods ≤ 6 months. Significant positive effects were reported by 6 of 10 studies that measured bystander behavior, 6 of 10 that educated potential victims and assessed victimization, and one of four that educated potential perpetrators and measured perpetration.
CONCLUSION
The Haddon Matrix analysis identified the need for interventions that address perpetrators and the post-assault period, as well as studies of the impact of enforcing existing policies and new environmental and situational approaches to sexual assault prevention.
Schlagwörter:campus; Haddon Matrix; Intervention; sexual assault; sexual violence; sexualisierte Gewalt; sexuelle Belästigung; sexuelle Gewalt
CEWS Kategorie:Studium und Studierende, Hochschulen, Sexuelle Belästigung und Gewalt