Intersektionalität und Postkolonialität : Kritische feministische Perspektiven auf Politik und Macht
Herausgeber/in:
Leinius, Johanna; Mauer, Heike
Quelle: Leverkusen: Verlag Barbara Budrich (Politik und Geschlecht, 33), 2020. 250 S
Inhalt: Der Sammelband zeigt den Mehrwert intersektionaler und postkolonialer Ansätze für die feministische Forschung zu Macht und Herrschaft und diskutiert das Verhältnis beider Ansätze zueinander. Die Autor*innen demonstrieren, wie diese innovativen kritischen Ansätze aktuelle gesellschaftswissenschaftliche Debatten unter anderem zu Religion, Gefängniskritik, der Ethik biomedizinischer Forschung, dem Wohlfahrtsstaat oder ökologischen und studentischen Bewegungen im globalen Süden bereichern.
Intersektionale und postkolonial-feministische Perspektiven nehmen die ineinandergreifenden Strukturen von Ungleichheit, Macht und Herrschaft in den Blick. Ein besonderer Fokus beider Ansätze liegt auf der wechselseitigen Konstitution von Rassismus und Sexismus sowie ihrer Effekte auf institutionelle und gesellschaftliche Strukturen, Muster kultureller Repräsentationen, alltägliche Interaktionen sowie die Subjektformation.
In der deutschsprachigen Politikwissenschaft und insbesondere in feministischer Forschung werden beide Perspektiven zunehmend zur kritischen Analyse von Macht und Herrschaft eingesetzt. Der Sammelband reflektiert erstmalig systematisch das Verhältnis beider Perspektiven im Kontext der deutschsprachigen politikwissenschaftlichen feministischen Forschung und den Gender Studies. Außerdem zeigt er den analytischen und theoretischen Mehrwert beider Perspektiven für die politikwissenschaftliche Forschung im Allgemeinen.
Die Beiträge legen anhand aktueller Forschungsprojekte dar, welche epistemologischen, ethischen, methodologischen und politischen Auswirkungen die Einnahme einer intersektionalen sowie einer postkolonial-feministischen Perspektiven hat. Aktuelle Debatten der Politikwissenschaften zu islamischer Religion, Gefängniskritik, der Ethik biomedizinischer Forschung, dem Wohlfahrtsstaat oder ökologischen und studentischen Bewegungen im globalen Süden werden aus diesen Perspektiven analysiert.
Schlagwörter:feministische Theorie; Gender; Geschlechterverhältnis; Herrschaftskritik; Intersektionale Forschung; Politische Ideengeschichte; Postkoloniale Theorie; soziale Bewegung; Staat
CEWS Kategorie:Diversity, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung
Reflexive Diversitätsforschung : Eine Einführung anhand eines Fallbeispiels
Autor/in:
Bührmann, Andrea D.
Quelle: Opladen; Toronto: Verlag Barbara Budrich (UTB), 2020. 188 S
Inhalt: Diversität – einerseits Anlass zu kontroversen Diskussionen, andererseits eine Chance, über gesellschaftliche Teilhabe nachzudenken. Das Buch bietet eine grundlegende Einführung in die wichtigen Strömungen der Diversitätsforschung. Dabei werden zunächst zentrale Bestimmungsmomente der Forschungsperspektive theoretisch vorgestellt. Empirisch-praktisch wird das Beispiel der Diversitätsstrategie und deren Umsetzung an der University of California, Berkeley präsentiert. Diese Fallstudie veranschaulicht insbesondere die intersektionale Forschungsperspektive sowie das multi-level und multi-method Forschungsdesign der reflexiven Diversitätsforschung. Im Sinne eines reflexiven Konstruktivismus wird dabei das Forschen selbst als Praxis reflektiert.
Seit einiger Zeit wird kontrovers über das Phänomen Diversität diskutiert: Während z.B. die einen behaupten, dass die EU schon viel zu divers sei, machen andere deutlich, dass sich eher die Frage stellt, wie der soziale Zusammenhalt noch weiter optimiert werden könnte, sodass gesellschaftliche Teilhabe für alle möglich wird. Mit Blick darauf ist es wenig verwunderlich, dass auch in den Sozialwissenschaften Diversität zunehmend thematisiert worden ist und sich das Feld der Diversitätsforschung formiert hat. In diesem Kontext haben sich unterschiedliche Strömungen herauskristallisiert, die in dieser Einführung vorgestellt werden. Ein Fokus liegt dabei auf der reflexiven Diversitätsforschung, die sich ausgehend von und in Auseinandersetzung mit einer positivistisch-funktionalistischen und einer kritisch-emanzipativen Diversitätsforschung entfaltet hat. In einem ersten Schritt werden zentrale Bestimmungsmomente der reflexiven Diversitätsforschung vorgestellt: Ausgehend von einer ‚post-fundamentalistischen Haltung‘ wird die ‚kritische Ontologie der Gegenwart‘ für die Entwicklung einer entsprechenden praxistheoretischen Forschungsperspektive fruchtbar gemacht. Dabei werden seit der Aufklärung in archäologischer Perspektive unterschiedliche Diversitätsverständnisse und in genealogischer Perspektive verschiedene Konfigurationen der Normalisierung und Veränderung identifiziert. Bei der Rekonstruktion dieser Perspektiven wird auf zentrale Debatten in der internationalen Diversitätsforschung eingegangen. In einem zweiten Schritt werden dann die Charakteristika des Forschungsstils am Beispiel der Diversitätsstrategie und deren Umsetzung an der University of California, Berkeley dargestellt.
CEWS Kategorie:Diversity, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung
Dokumenttyp:Monographie
The Origins of Unfairness: Social Categories and Cultural Evolution
Autor/in:
O'Connor, Cailin
Quelle: Oxford University Press, 2020. S 324–330
Inhalt: The central aim of this book is to explore the ways in which social categories—especially gender, but also categories like race and religion—interact with and contribute to social solutions to problems of coordination and resource division. In particular, this book uses formal frameworks—game theory and evolutionary game theory—to explore the cultural evolution of conventions that piggyback on seemingly irrelevant factors like gender and race. As I argue, these frameworks elucidate a variety of topics. In particular, these frameworks help show how inequity can emerge from simple processes of cultural change. In groups with gender and racial categories, the process of learning conventions of coordination and resource division is such that under a wide array of situations some groups will tend to get more and others less. One theme that runs throughout the book is that surprisingly minimal conditions are needed to robustly produce phenomena related to inequity that we usually think of as psychologically complex. It takes very little to generate a situation in which social categories (like gender) are almost guaranteed to emerge. The preconditions under which models move toward outcomes that look like discrimination are, again, very minimal. Once inequity emerges in these models, it takes very little for it to persist indefinitely. Thus, we need to think of inequity as part of an ever-evolving process. It is not something we can expect to fix and be done with. Along these lines, the picture I present is ultimately one where those concerned with social justice must remain vigilant against the dynamic forces that push toward inequity.
Autor/in:
McKinzie, Ashleigh E.; Richards, Patricia L.
Quelle: sociology compass, 13 (2019) 4, 14 S
Inhalt: The concept of intersectionality has fundamentally changed
feminist theorizing and the study of women and gender.
However, intersectional research, theorizing, and practice
also have been subject to important critiques. This article
provides a brief genealogy of intersectionality and summarizes
major critiques. We recognize value in these critiques
as well as the ongoing power of an intersectional lens. We
therefore advocate what we call “context‐driven
intersectionality,” arguing that attention to the historical,
political, economic, and social factors that shape power relationships
and social structures is critical to conducting
robust intersectional analyses that avoid reification of social
categories and inequalities.
The Genderqueer Identity (GQI) Scale: Measurement and validation of four distinct subscales with trans and LGBQ clinical and community samples in two countries
Autor/in:
McGuire, Jenifer K.; Beek, Titia F.; Catalpa, Jory M.; Steensma, Thomas D.
Quelle: The international Journal of Transgenderism, 20 (2019) 2-3, S 289–304
Inhalt: Background: Non-binary gender measurement has grown out of a need for accurate representation in scholarship and public health services available to a diverse gender population. Aims: The Genderqueer Identity Scale (GQI) was developed to allow for a multidimensional assessment of genderqueer identity, including non-binary identity, socially constructed versus essentialist gender, theoretical awareness of gender concepts, and gender fluidity. The GQI was designed to assess gender identity across a full spectrum of gender, at any age after mid-adolescence, and at various stages of gender identity development, including prior to, during, and after a gender transition, where applicable. Two of the GQI subscales focus on intrapersonal processes, while two focus on interpersonal processes. Methods: The measure was piloted and refined across four distinct samples: a U.S. university based LGBT sample, consecutive clinical referrals at the Center of Expertise on Gender Dysphoria in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, a Dutch LGB community sample, and an online survey forum (LGBTQ). Results: The first exploratory factor analysis identified minor potential adjustments, which were refined and retested. Researchers evaluated and cross-validated the hypothesized factor structure and determined that the three factor GQI subscales and the unidimensional Gender Fluidity measure yielded internally consistent and valid scores among transgender individuals seeking clinical treatment and LGB individuals within a community setting. The exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses provide evidence of good reliability, construct validity, and internal consistency of all four subscales. Discussion: The subscales were appropriate across a spectrum of gender identities and can be taken in the same form over time and across gender transition statuses, making them suitable for clinical evaluation and community based longitudinal research with trans-identified or gender nonconforming persons. The development of the GQI fills critical gaps in gender-related measurement including the ability to assess multiple dimensions of gender identity, and to assess gender identity across time.
Schlagwörter:genderqueer; identity; LGBTQ+; queer; trans
CEWS Kategorie:Diversity, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung
'Lost in Transition': Some preliminary considerations on voicing transgender and gender non-conforming discrimination in the workplace
Autor/in:
Bizjak, Davide
Quelle: puntOorg international journal, 4 (2019) 1, S 49–55
Inhalt: This article proposes a model aimed at considering both voice and inclusion during social
and medical transition of transgender and gender non-conforming (TGNC) people in their
workplace. A preliminary theoretical framework is focused on voice and inclusion in
organisation. The rationale of this article lies in the difficulties expressed in current research
in taking into account TGNC issues in organisation due to lack of empirical evidence. The
model proposed in the current work intends to add knowledge on the experiences of TGNC
people within their workplaces, especially during the transition process.
Schlagwörter:Arbeitsatmosphäre; diversity in the workplace; healthcare; inclusion; non-binary; silencing; Transgender; voicing
CEWS Kategorie:Diversity, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung
The Future of Sex and Gender in Psychology : Five Challenges to the Gender Binary
Autor/in:
Hyde, Janet Shibley; Bigler, Rebecca S.; Joel, Daphna; Tate, Charlotte Chucky; van Anders, Sari M.
Quelle: American Psychologist, 74 (2019) 2, S 171–193
Inhalt: The view that humans comprise only two types of beings, women and men, a framework that is sometimes referred to as the "gender binary," played a profound role in shaping the history of psychological science. In recent years, serious challenges to the gender binary have arisen from both academic research and social activism. This review describes 5 sets of empirical findings, spanning multiple disciplines, that fundamentally undermine the gender binary. These sources of evidence include neuroscience findings that refute sexual dimorphism of the human brain; behavioral neuroendocrinology findings that challenge the notion of genetically fixed, nonoverlapping, sexually dimorphic hormonal systems; psychological findings that highlight the similarities between men and women; psychological research on transgender and nonbinary individuals' identities and experiences; and developmental research suggesting that the tendency to view gender/sex as a meaningful, binary category is culturally determined and malleable. Costs associated with reliance on the gender binary and recommendations for future research, as well as clinical practice, are outlined.
(PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
Schlagwörter:cultural determination; Dimorphismus; Gender; gender identity; Geschlechterbinarität; neuroscience; non-binary; Psychologie; sex difference; social neuroendocrinology; Transgender
CEWS Kategorie:Diversity, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung
From radical black feminism to postfeminist hashtags: re-claiming intersectionality
Autor/in:
Villesèche, Florence; Muhr, Sara Louise; Sliwa, Martyna
Quelle: ephemera. theory & politics in organization, 18 (2018) 1, S 1–16
Inhalt: The term ‘intersectionality’ was coined by legal theorist Kimberlé Crenshaw in the late 1980s. Originally, it referred specifically to the vulnerable position of black women victims of domestic violence in the socio-legal context of the United States. In a nutshell, Crenshaw argues that the particular situation of black women cannot be equated with that of white women victims or with the larger discrimination faced by the black population, and thus the legal apparatus is not conceived to appropriately consider their cases. In addition, an underlying aim was to contest the assumed ‘colour-blindness, neutrality and objectivity’ of the criminal justice system in the US (Nash, 2008: 2; Crenshaw, 1989). Besides its root in the legal field, the term ‘intersectionality’ mirrors debates brought about by radical black feminists in the previous decades and which centres on a critique of a western, white feminism that claims universal reach.
Schlagwörter:binary; epistemology; Feminism; Gruppe; Identität; Identity; Individuum; Intersectionality; Kategorie; Konstruktion; Konstruktivismus; Medien; Postfeminism; Postkolonialismus; race; Social aspects; Theorie; theory
CEWS Kategorie:Diversity, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Sexuelle Belästigung und Gewalt
‘You must aim high’ - ‘No, I never felt like a woman’: women and men making sense of non-standard trajectories into higher education
Autor/in:
González Ramos, Ana M.; Räthzel, Nora
Quelle: International Journal of Gender, Science and Technology, 10 (2018) 1, 17 S
Inhalt: It is no secret that the ‘glass ceiling’ preventing women advancing to leadership positions exists in academia as well. Spain is no exception. Gender relations are usually investigated independently of other power relations like class and ethnicity. In our sample (80 men and women in different academic institutions across Spain) we found that not only women but also men from working class backgrounds have difficulties making successful academic careers. Therefore, we use an intersectional approach to investigate the relationship between gender and class. Comparing two life-histories, we explore what strategies individuals employ to overcome the barriers with which they are confronted. We present the stories of a woman with a middle class but non-academic background and of a man with a working-class background. Their strategies can be understood as the result of specific individual trajectories under specific societal conditions, but they also illustrate the barriers and possibilities men and women with non-standard backgrounds encounter in academia. Analysing successful strategies as well as their limitations, we aim to provide perspectives that might contribute to changing the culture of hegemonic masculinities in academia.
CEWS Kategorie:Berufsbiographie und Karriere, Diversity, Europa und Internationales, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Geschlechterverhältnis, Wissenschaft als Beruf