Quelle: RES (Revista Española de Sociología), 27 (2018) 3, S 434-449
Inhalt: Nowadays gender-based violence has not only grown but it has become increasingly evident in gender stereotypes upheld by younger people. Universal education is necessary to eradicate these stereotypes in university classrooms. The aim of this work is to find if a relationship exists between sexism and the choice of degree among university students, and if this relates to national culture. We applied the Ambivalent Sexism Inventory (Expósito, Moya and Glick, 1998 and the Dating Violence Questionnaire by Rodríguez-Franco et al., 2007) to 1,196 university students. The results show that there is a relationship between sexism and the student’s choice of degree course and, particularly, that there is more sexism in technical degrees than in humanities degrees. The cultural ideology is similar between Mexico and Catalonia and only varies in its intensity. It concludes that gender equality education is urgently needed as a general course in technical degrees.
Gender-Based Violence Against Female Students in European University Settings
Autor/in:
List, Katrin
Quelle: International Annals of Criminology, 55 (2017) 2, S 172–188
Inhalt: Due to their age and lifestyle, female students in general are at an increased risk of various forms of sexual violence. Particular sociocultural contexts also form the background of gender-based violence in professional and academic structures. Yet despite institutional and legal efforts to protect (potential) survivors of sexual violence from primary (and secondary) victimization, persistent assaults demonstrate the reluctance of organizations and individuals to fully accept women’s experiences as being physically and psychologically harmful. Based on quantitative and qualitative data obtained in the context of the European research project “Gender-Based Violence, Stalking and Fear of Crime”, this article presents a comparative analysis of the prevalence of sexual violence, feelings of safety (or a lack thereof) and the reasons for (non-)disclosure for five European countries. A dataset of about 21,000 responses from German, British, Italian, Spanish and Polish students indicates that sexualized violence is a major problem at universities and that it has yet to be recognized as such. This – added to the fact that it is generally suppressed or concealed by universities – makes it society’s problem as well. The article discusses widespread social myths about victims and perpetrators, the role of the new media in victimization, and the issues of universities’ responsibility for their students (through institutional policy and specific responses to incidents of gender-based violence). The results presented here demonstrate the contradictory perceptions that students have in regard to their experiences and the nature of sexualized violence in an academic environment.
Schlagwörter:Gleichstellungsmaßnahmen; Hochschule; Intervention; Prävention; sexual harassment; sexual violence; sexualisierte Gewalt; sexuelle Belästigung; Universities and colleges
CEWS Kategorie:Europa und Internationales, Studium und Studierende, Sexuelle Belästigung und Gewalt
Quelle: Violence against women, 22 (2016) 3, S 344–365
Inhalt: Headlines such as "Man Jailed for Train Station Attack on Indian Student," "Fatal Stabbing Hits Indian Student Hopes," and "Indian Student Bashings on the Rise in Sydney" highlight violent crimes against male international students by strangers in public spaces. The media reports run contrary to the perceptions of our interviewees who suggest that violence against female international students by known perpetrators in private spaces is common. We argue that intersecting inequalities relating to gender, race, and class are often compounded by the status of "international student". Discussions focus on various forms of gender-based violence and gender violence education and support programs in Australia and the United States.
Schlagwörter:Australia; Australien; class; gender-based violence; inequality; international student; intersectionality; Intersektionalität; race; Gewalt; USA
CEWS Kategorie:Europa und Internationales, Studium und Studierende, Sexuelle Belästigung und Gewalt
Interrogating violence against women and state violence policy : Gendered intersectionalities and the quality of policy in The Netherlands, Sweden and the UK
Inhalt: This article builds on feminist scholarship on intersectionality to address violence against women, and state policy thereon. It takes up the challenge of analyzing the complex, situated and spatial relationship between theorizing on violence against women and state policy on such violence. Drawing on extensive comparative European data, it explores the relations of gender and intersectionality, conceptualized as gendered intersectionalities, by examining how multiple inequalities are made visible and invisible in state policy and debates in the Netherlands, Sweden and the UK. Attention is paid to different forms of gendered intersectionalities in policy, for example, tendencies to degender violence against women. A key aim of the article is to investigate how comparative analysis can be a starting point for assessing if, how and to what extent the inclusion of multiple inequalities could increase the quality of policy, for both reducing and stopping violence, and assisting those subject to violence.
Schlagwörter:comparative Europe; Diversitätsdimensionen; Europa; Europe; Gewalt gegen Frauen; inequality; intersectionality; Intersektionalität; Netherlands; Policy; Sweden; UK; violence against women; Niederlande; Schweden;
CEWS Kategorie:Diversity, Europa und Internationales, Sexuelle Belästigung und Gewalt
Quelle: Violence Against Women, 22 (2016) 13, S 1519–1539
Inhalt: The first research conducted on violence against women in the university context in Spain reveals that 62% of the students know of or have experienced situations of this kind within the university institutions, but only 13% identify these situations in the first place. Two main interrelated aspects arise from the data analysis: not identifying and acknowledging violent situations, and the lack of reporting them. Policies and actions developed by Spanish universities need to be grounded in two goals: intransigence toward any kind of violence against women, and bystander intervention, support, and solidarity with the victims and with the people supporting the victims.
Schlagwörter:campus; Gewalt; Hochschulen; policy evaluation; sexual harassment; sexual violence; sexualisierte Gewalt; sexuelle Belästigung; Spain; Spanien; Studierende; violence against women
CEWS Kategorie:Europa und Internationales, Sexuelle Belästigung und Gewalt
Prevalence and Forms of Workplace Bullying Among University Employees
Autor/in:
Zabrodska, Katerina; Kveton, Petr
Quelle: Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal, 25 (2013) 2, S 89–108
Inhalt: Over the past decade, a growing number of Anglo-American and Scandinavian researchers have documented the extent to which the university environment provides opportunities for workplace bullying. By contrast, there has been a visible lack of similar studies in non-Western national contexts, such as the Czech Republic and other Central Eastern European (CEE) countries. The present article addresses this gap by reporting the findings of the first large-scale study into workplace bullying among university employees in the Czech Republic. The exposure to bullying was assessed with the Negative Acts Questionnaire-Revised (NAQ-R) in a sample of 1,533 university employees. The results showed that 13.6 % of the respondents were classified as bullying targets based on an operational definition of bullying (weekly exposure to one negative act), while 7.9 % of the respondents were identified as targets based on self-reports. This prevalence is comparable to bullying rates in Scandinavia but considerably lower than in Anglo-American universities. Differences between Anglo-American and Czech universities were also found with respect to the status of perpetrators (bullying was perpetrated mostly by individual supervisors in the Czech sample), perceived causes of bullying (structural causes perceived as relatively unimportant in the Czech sample), and targets’ responses to bullying (minimal use of formal responses in the Czech sample). The authors propose that cross-cultural differences as well as differences between the Anglo-American model of “neoliberal university” and the Czech model of university governance based on “academic oligarchy” can be used to explain these different findings.
Inhalt: This study defines contrapower harassment in academia as student incivility, bullying, and sexual attention aimed at faculty. A U.S., Alaskan sample of 399 professors (50% women, 88% white) at the state’s largest public university was surveyed about their experience with contrapower harassment. Although men reported more sexual attention from students and comparable levels of student incivility–bullying, women reported that such behaviors were more upsetting and had a greater negative impact on their health and work-lives; they were also more likely to take action following such experiences than men. Tenure-track faculty appear to be at increased risk of student hostility. Discussion focuses on how gender and other markers of socio-cultural or institutional power relate to the experience of contrapower harassment.