Quelle: Die Junge Akademie an der Berlin-Brandenburgischen Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Deutschen Akademie der Naturforscher Leopoldina; Berlin, 2003. 48 S.
Hochschulentwicklung als Komplexitätsproblem : Fallstudien des Wandels
Titelübersetzung:University development as a complexity problem : case studies on change
Autor/in:
Kehm, Barbara M.; Pasternack, Peer
Quelle: Weinheim: Beltz (Wittenberger Hochschulforschung : Studien des Instituts für Hochschulforschung Wittenberg an der Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg), 2001. 254 S.
Inhalt: Die Aufgabe der Hochschulreform erfordert einen Eingriff in ein komplexes, überdurchschnittlich reformresistentes System. Das Scheitern von Hochschulreformen wird abwechselnd auf deren Unter- und Überkomplexität zurückgeführt. Die Verfasser setzen sich in Form von sechs Fallstudien mit der Frage auseinander, wie Problemlösungen für den Hochschulsektor zu gestalten sind. Diese Fallstudien behandeln (1) den ostdeutschen Transformationsfall als Geschichte einer Komplexitätsreduktion, (2) europäische Trends und Internationalisierungsstrategien von Hochschulen in Deutschland zwischen Pragmatik und Innovation, (3) die Diskussion um gestufte Abschlüsse und die Funktionen von Hochschulbildung, (4) die Funktionserweiterung der Hochschulen durch lebenslanges Lernen, (5) Qualitätssicherung als Komplexitätsproblem und (6) Optionen der Qualitätsentwicklung in Europa. Abschließend wird ein Fazit mit Blick auf die Steuerungsproblematik im Hochschulsektor gezogen. (ICE2)
Schlagwörter:Hochschulwesen; Reform; Reformpolitik; Komplexität; neue Bundesländer; alte Bundesländer; Transformation; Internationalisierung; Master; Bachelor; Qualitätssicherung; lebenslanges Lernen; Hochschulpolitik
CEWS Kategorie:Hochschulen, Wissenschaftspolitik
Dokumenttyp:Monographie
Women in higher education in Poland : the hidden face of the process of feminisation
Autor/in:
Portet, Stéphane
Quelle: Münster (Training paper / Women in European Universities, Research and Training Network, 01/03), 2001. 40 S.
Inhalt: "During the last decade the Polish higher education has undergone a great transformation. The law on higher education voted in 1990, just after the systemic changes, is still ruling the system today. This law was the base of the development of private higher education and of the increasing autonomy of the state system. The most important facts concerning this period are: the increase of the number of students, marketisation, and the creation of new diplomas corresponding to European norms. Poland has 1.431.900 students, 56.9% are women (year 1999, source: GUS 2000). The number of students has increased by 455% since 1990. This increase has been accompanied by the development of the private sector. A third of students are registered in such schools, mostly in Finance, Banking and Management and Law. There are 174 private higher education institutions out of a total of 287 (among them fifteen universities). For 1999, the number of students registered in the first year in private institutions is almost equal to the number in state institutions. A great part of the increase in the number of students is due to the development of evening, extramural, external and week-end courses. This could be considered a particularity of the Polish system. Students enrolled in daily courses represent only 46% of the total. These kind of daily studies are the only ones to be free of charges. A great deal of students registered in private higher education institutions come from the lower social classes and rural areas. The Polish system is divided into universities and professional higher education institutions. Since 1997, professional high education institutions propose two stage-degrees: a bachelor degree (three years, 'licencjat', or four years 'Engineer') and a master's degree. This seems to better correspond to the needs of the economy towards intermediate management and at the same in accordance with the European model. A new law which is still in debate proposes to extend this system to the universities. This reform raises a debate about what constitutes Higher Education. The main issues are the problem of the quality of studies, the financial autonomy of higher education institutions, the level of scientific activities and the management of academic staff's careers. Concerning the academic staff the Polish system appears to be really hierarchical with many types of appointments. It is facing a difficult financial situation which forced most of academics to find supplementary job. In the last period, the academic staff has become more and more feminised, even if at the top positions men are still the majority. But such a feminisation appears at a time where academic appointments are less and less interesting in comparison to the opportunities offered by the private sector. Which is the reason why one could say that women are 'winners among losers'." (author's abstract)
Schlagwörter:Polen; Hochschulwesen; Wissenschaftlerin; Bildungswesen; Studentin; Hochschulbildung; Hochschullehrerin; postsozialistisches Land
Higher education in Sweden : between 'rolling reforms' and stable patterns
Autor/in:
Schenk, Anett
Quelle: Münster (Training paper / Women in European Universities, Research and Training Network, 01/02), 2001. 62 S.
Inhalt: "Both gender equality and education policy are important priorities on the political agenda in Europe. The Research and Training Network 'Women in European Universities' focuses on higher education and women's career-perspectives in systems of higher education of seven European countries (Austria, France, Germany, Poland, Spain, Sweden and the United Kingdom). The main focus of the project is to explore the 'glass-ceiling' that women meet when they chose a career in academia and strive for top rank positions such as professorships. As a first step in our research, it is important to understand the different systems of higher education, as well as recent changes and challenges to women in academia. This contextual analysis is one result of the first phase of the research project and shall provide information about the Swedish system of higher education. The Swedish system of higher education underwent fundamental changes in both organisational form and ideological practice during the last thirty years. Especially the three reforms in the 90's gave the higher education system in Sweden a new face: They gave more weight to management structures, fixed-term contracts and focused more on an Anglo-American model of higher education than on the 'old' Humboldtian model. The reforms brought important changes for the Swedish system of higher education, but certain patterns remain untouched. One can still find the 'hidden binary system' within university colleges representing institutions to undergraduate education and universities that offer post-graduate education and research. And to a certain extent, this builds the ground for the remaining persistence of sex-specific divisions in both fields of study and different posts on the academic career ladder." (author's abstract)
Schlagwörter:Schweden; Hochschullehrerin; Hochschulwesen; Reform; Hochschulbildung; Frauenförderung; Studentin; Statistik
CEWS Kategorie:Bildung und Erziehung, Hochschulen, Statistik und statistische Daten
Quelle: Münster (Training paper / Women in European Universities, Research and Training Network, 01/05), 2001. 66 S.
Inhalt: "The higher education system in Germany is since 1960s undergoing a period of constant transformation. In 1960s and 1970s the university was challenged by massive expansion and demand for democratization of its internal structure. Nowadays, with insufficient funding and staffing levels most of the reforms are efficiency driven aimed at rationalization and marketization of the system affecting institutions, students and academic staff as well. Germany has a kind of double higher education structure with universities allowed to award doctorates and habilitations and Fachhochschulen - institutions created in 1970s to provide shorter and more vocationally oriented study courses. There are 344 institutions of higher education, both public and private with about 1.800.000 students, majority if them being men. Women entered higher education in Germany only at beginning of 20th century and up to now their proportion at every hierarchy level within academia falls under European average. Even so, they are mainly clustered in lower positions with less than 10% occupying top rank positions and horizontally segregated between art and humanities on one side and engineering, natural sciences and medicine on the other. The problem of promotion of women in higher education and science has been receiving considerable attention in last two decades and we witness rather un-precedented increase of women at all career stages though in absolute numbers still few women are involved." (author's abstract)
Quelle: Münster (Training paper / Women in European Universities, Research and Training Network, 01/01), 2001. 71 S.
Inhalt: "Although there is continuous progress towards gender equity within the Higher Education (HE) sector in Europe, when it comes to positions of authority women academics still face the reality of either the 'glass-ceiling', preventing them getting to the top, or the 'stone floor', keeping them at the bottom. The scientific aim of The European Research Training Network 'Women in European Universities' (WEU), sponsored by the European Commission, is not only to assess the professional status of women in academia, still one of the fields of social inequality, but also to analyse the main reasons for women's under-representation in top rank positions in European Universities. It seems essential in understanding such a study to have in mind a clear picture of the systems of HE in each of the participant countries, (Austria, France, Germany, Poland, Spain, Sweden and United Kingdom), and that is the purpose of this 'Contextual Analysis'. The main aim of this training paper is to provide an overview of the United Kingdom's national system of education, with special emphasis on the HE sector, as a first step in our attempt to identify 'best practices', which later will contribute to a comparative analysis among the seven countries. The paper is divided into five main sections. After a brief historical introduction, a description of the structure of the education system is provided, with the main focus on Higher Education Institutions (HEIs), legal status, management and funding. The objective of the research project is to detect possible barriers and/ or 'women friendly' measures, within the educational system, since they might influence women's career pattern. Thus, the second section focuses on the description of the qualifications needed to be grade for a research or teaching position in a HEI. To shed further light on the topic, the current issues of the political debate are identified and specific trends towards marketisation and commercialisation emphasised. Although a further statistical analysis will be provided in the next training paper, to round out the paper and enhance the picture given, some figures are provided through the paper and in section four. Finally the conclusion highlights some strengths and weaknesses within the HE system in the United Kingdom (UK) which we expect to be of decisive significance for the subsequent research papers of the project." (author's abstract)
Schlagwörter:Hochschulwesen; internationaler Vergleich; Großbritannien; Hochschulbildung; Bildungswesen; Hochschulpolitik; Statistik
CEWS Kategorie:Hochschulen, Wissenschaftspolitik, Statistik und statistische Daten
Quelle: Münster (Training paper / Women in European Universities, Research and Training Network, 01/06), 2001. 54 S.
Inhalt: "The main purpose of the report is to give information on the higher education system in Austria with special attention to the situation of women aspiring to have or having a career in academia. This report forms part of the project Women in European Universities (WEU). The project is being undertaken in Austria, France, Germany, Poland, Spain, Sweden and United Kingdom. The methods used in this report are statistical findings and a literature survey. The main findings are attached to the circumstances of the great many changes in the Austrian higher education system over the last decade. A new situation is arising for women and scholars in general in Austria as the system turns into a more autonomously regulated system with teaching as a central facet. The report concludes that the Austrian system is still a non-commercialised one. Furthermore it warns about a opting out of young men from the university system and it relates this to a devaluating of the university in general. Finally the report proposes some guidelines for future research in the field." (author's abstract)
Wahrnehmung und Akzeptanz von Frauenhochschulen und Frauenstudiengängen in Deutschland : eine empirische Studie
Titelübersetzung:Perception and acceptance of women's universities and women's channels of academic studies in Germany : an empirical study
Autor/in:
Glöckner-Rist, Angelika; Mischau, Anina
Quelle: Baden-Baden: Nomos Verl.-Ges. (Schriften des Heidelberger Instituts für Interdisziplinäre Frauenforschung (HIFI) e.V., Bd. 2), 2000, 1. Aufl.. 198 S.
Inhalt: "Im deutschen Hochschulwesen sind derzeit verstärkte Reformanstrengungen zu beobachten: Autonomie, Effizienz und Evaluation sind einige Schlagwörter der vor allem betriebswirtschaftlich ausgerichteten Debatten und Initiativen. Von der breiten Öffentlichkeit noch weitgehend unbemerkt finden sich auch eine Reihe innovativer Reformansätze, die die Demokratisierung der Geschlechterverhältnisse in der Hochschulbildung und in den Wissenschaften zum Ziel haben. Zu nennen wären z.B. die Diskussion um die Gründung einer (internationalen) Frauenuniversität in Deutschland, Überlegungen zu Sommerhochschulen für Frauen und unterschiedliche Konzepte zur Einrichtung von Frauenstudiengängen in den Ingenieur- und Technikwissenschaften. Diese Initiativen sind z.T. in ihrer Planung weit fortgeschritten, einige wurden sogar zwischenzeitlich bereits realisiert. Dennoch sind diese Hochschulprojekte nach wie vor umstritten; das 'Für und Wider' der durch sie ausgelösten bildungs- und geschlechterpolitischen Diskussionen konzentriert sich im wesentlichen auf die Idee der Geschlechtertrennung in der Hochschulausbildung, die allen diesen Reformansätzen zugrunde liegt. Im April 1997 gab das Ministerium für Schule und Weiterbildung, Wissenschaft und Forschung des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen beim Zentrum für Umfragen, Methoden und Analysen (ZUMA) Mannheim eine Studie in Auftrag, in der die Akzeptanz dieser Reforminitiativen und -projekte in Deutschland erforscht werden sollte. Der Fokus dieser Studie sollte dabei auf die Bereiche Naturwissenschaft und Technik gelegt werden. Das 1,5 jährige Forschungsprojekt umfaßte zwei Schwerpunkte: Der erste galt der Aufarbeitung der relevanten Literatur und Konzeptionen zu diesem Themenkomplex sowie der damit verbundenen theoretischen Diskussionen. Der zweite Schwerpunkt diente der Durchführung einer empirischen Studie zur Wahrnehmung und Akzeptanz von Frauenstudiengängen und Frauenhochschulen in Deutschland. In diesem Band wird der empirische Teil des Projekts dargestellt, die Ergebnisse des ersten Projektteils erscheinen in einem eigenen Band im Campus Verlag (Kahlert/Mischau 2000). Der empirische Teil der Studie sollte die Bandbreite der Argumente für und gegen die Einrichtung von Frauenhochschulen und Frauenstudiengängen aufdecken und so Hinweise geben, wie und unter welchen Bedingungen diese monoedukativen Hochschulangebote akzeptiert würden. Hierzu wurden zehn strukturierte Gruppendiskussionen durchgeführt und ausgewertet. In Kapitel 1 werden die Zielsetzung und Anlage der Studie beschrieben. In den Kapiteln 2 bis 4 werden die Planung und die Durchführung der empirischen Untersuchung sowie die Auswertung der durchgeführten Gruppendiskussionen dargestellt. In den Kapiteln 5 und 6 werden die Ergebnisse der empirischen Untersuchung berichtet, die in Kapitel 7 noch einmal kurz zusammengefaßt werden." (Textauszug)