Quelle: European Educational Research Journal, 16 (2017) 2-3, S 277–297
Inhalt: This paper discusses results of a research project on equal opportunities between women and men in the postdoctoral phase in German universities. It illustrates how the funding system is organized and whether this contributes to more equal opportunities for men and women, especially concerning the work–life interference. Although the system loses women after the doctorial phase, equal opportunity is not a core issue in the promotion of postdoctoral researchers in Germany. Instead, it tends to be addressed indirectly via an array of different compensatory support programmes. One key finding is that certain programmes, such as ‘coaching’, ‘networking’, ‘mentoring’ or financial support, are not offered everywhere, and therefore many postdoctoral researchers do not have the opportunity to utilize them. Furthermore, we found evidence of a gender-specific demand for support programmes. Another finding was that work–life interferences in scientific careers are not addressed by support programmes. The organization of everyday life is not taken into account. Given the context of uncertain career paths in Germany and the unequal working conditions of women and men in academia in Germany, it becomes clear that equal opportunities cannot be realized by ignoring the informal and gendered handling of work-life-balance.
Academic Excellence and Gender Bias in the Practices and Perceptions of Scientists in Leadership and Decision-making Positions
Autor/in:
Linková, Marcela
Quelle: GV/GR (Gender a výzkum / Gender and Research), 18 (2017) 1, S 42–66
Inhalt: How to assess quality has become one of the central concerns for contemporary research, not least because of the proliferation of research assessment systems around the globe. Concomitant with this has been the growing attention to factors that compromise the credibility of assessment, especially gender, ethnic, racial and geopolitical bias. In this paper I analyse how lab leaders and research managers in the natural sciences specifically construct excellence and relatedly the demands of the research profession, and how gender bias plays out in these imaginaries. The material for the study comes primarily from two highly successful public research institutes of the Czech Academy of Sciences and specifically from individual and group interviews with lab leaders and research managers on topics of research governance, assessment, and quality. The focus is on the natural sciences because the discipline has driven the introduction of research assessment in the country as well as research and innovation reforms more broadly since the new millennium. Building on the distinction between the logic of choice and the logic of care developed by Annemarie Mol (2008), I explore the limits of individual choice for conceiving excellence and the gendered outcomes it produces.
Schlagwörter:care ceiling; excellence; Exzellenz; Frauen in der Wissenschaft; gender bias; gendered organization; glass ceiling; leadership; Maskulinität; maternal wall; Matilda-Effekt; Mutterschaft; research profession; Stereotyp
CEWS Kategorie:Vereinbarkeit Familie-Beruf, Wissenschaft als Beruf, Geschlechterverhältnis
How do you take time? : Work–life balance policies versus neoliberal, social and cultural incentive mechanisms in Icelandic higher education
Autor/in:
Smidt, Thomas Brorsen; Pétursdóttir, Gyða Margrét; Einarsdóttir, Þorgerður
Quelle: European Educational Research Journal, 16 (2017) 2-3, S 123–140
Inhalt: It is suggested that the realization of work–life balance policies at the University of Iceland is compromised by an emphasis on neoliberal notions of growth and performance measurements in the form of new public management strategies. This is sustained by overt and covert incentive mechanisms, which in turn create a range of different gendered implications for academic staff. The results from semi-structured interviews suggest that while this tension field affects all academic staff, it is generally less favourable to women than to men. If women were granted time for the sake of family obligations, they risked a setback in their academic career due to decreased research activity. Women tended to view academic flexibility as an opportunity to engage in domestic responsibilities more so than men; and male interviewees tended to view the prioritization of family as a choice, while women tended to view it as a condition.
Schlagwörter:Gender; Geschlechterunterschied; Gleichstellungsmaßnahmen; incentive mechanisms; Island; neoliberal university; neoliberalism; new public management; Vereinbarkeit; wissenschaftliches Personal; work-life balance
CEWS Kategorie:Europa und Internationales, Vereinbarkeit Familie-Beruf, Wissenschaft als Beruf, Geschlechterverhältnis
Parenthood and productivity of highly skilled labor : Evidence from the groves of academe
Autor/in:
Krapf, Matthias; Ursprung, Heinrich W.; Zimmermann, Christian
Quelle: Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 140 (2017) , S 147–175
Inhalt: We examine the effect of parenthood on the research productivity of academic economists. Combining the survey responses of nearly 10,000 economists with their publication records as documented in their RePEc accounts, we do not find that motherhood is associated with low research productivity. Nor do we find a statistically significant unconditional effect of a first child on research productivity. Conditional difference-in-differences estimates, however, suggest that the effect of parenthood on research productivity is negative for unmarried women and positive for untenured men. Moreover, becoming a mother before 30 years of age appears to have a detrimental effect on research productivity.
Understanding gender inequality and the role of the work/family interface in contemporary academia : An introduction
Autor/in:
Dubois-Shaik, Farah; Fusulier, Bernard
Quelle: European Educational Research Journal, 16 (2017) 2-3, S 99–105
Inhalt: This double special issue gathers a series of nuanced critically conceptual and case-study research showing that in the contemporary European context, despite regional differences in gender regimes, political and economic demands and organizational cultures, work/life balance policies and their translation into practice remains a highly ambiguous issue. Although work/life balance policies have undoubtedly entered the university institutional spaces, they are deterred by opposing institutional policy logics and particularly ‘greedy’ logics of the organizing of work that still aligns to outdated work-exclusive masculine organizational culture (outdated because men too are suffering the effects, and because the academic environment is feminized). Moreover, there are lingering gender stereotypes around the value and attribution of home and work duties, which are having a significant impact upon women’s professional and private spheres and experiences in academic work. The gathered research shows how university institutions are still quite far from having addressed the core issues that undermine women’s career advancement and their possibilities to access to academic membership and leadership, still obliging them (and their male counterparts) to align with a work and membership (selection and progression) logic and organization that does not take into consideration parenthood, family and personal spheres of life.
Can Anyone Have It All? Gendered Views on Parenting and Academic Careers
Autor/in:
Sallee, Margaret; Ward, Kelly; Wolf-Wendel, Lisa
Quelle: Innovative Higher Education, 41 (2016) 3, S 187–202
Inhalt: This article is based on data from two qualitative studies that examined the experiences of 93 tenure-line faculty members who are also mothers and fathers. Using gender schemas and ideal worker norms as a guide, we examined the pressures that professors experience amid unrealistic expectations in their work and home lives. Women participants reported performing a disproportionate amount of care in the home while simultaneously feeling unable to take advantage of family-friendly policies. In contrast, men acknowledged that, although their partners performed more care in the home, they felt penalized for wanting to be involved parents.
Schlagwörter:Elternschaft; familienfreundliche Hochschule; Geschlechterunterschied; Mutterschaft; USA; Vater; wissenschaftliches Personal
Wandel der Wissenschaft und Geschlechterarrangements : Organisations und Steuerungspolitiken in Deutschland, Österreich, Großbritannien und Schweden
Autor/in:
Aulenbacher, Brigitte; Binner, Kristina; Riegraf, Birgit; Weber, Lena
Quelle: Beiträge zur Hochschulforschung, 37 (2015) 3, S 22–38
Inhalt: Die universitäre Wissenschaft befindet sich in einem tief greifenden und weit reichenden Umbauprozess. Eine dominierende Entwicklungstendenz ist die Ökonomisierung, die sowohl das Verhältnis zwischen Organisation und Profession, als auch zwischen Staat und Markt neujustiert. Daneben lassen sich weitere Entwicklungen feststellen, etwa die Standardisierung der Studiengänge im Rahmen des Bologna-Prozesses, die Implementation von Gender Mainstreaming und Diversity Policies, sowie Auditierungen und Zertifizierungen, welche Universitäten eine neue Familienfreundlichkeit und Geschlechtergerechtigkeit bescheinigen. Diese Prozesse berühren die Geschlechterarrangements in der Wissenschaft. Der Beitrag fragt, wie die verschiedenen Entwicklungen einander beeinflussen und wirken. Er zeigt, dass die Gewichtung der verschiedenen Tendenzen, ihr Zusammenspiel und die Folgen für die Geschlechterarrangements länder- und organisationsspezifisch variieren.
Women academics and research productivity : An international comparison
Autor/in:
Aiston, Sarah Jane; Jung, Jisun
Quelle: Gender and Education, 27 (2015) 3, S 205–220
Inhalt: In the prestige economy of higher education, research productivity is highly prized. Previous research indicates, however, a gender gap with respect to research output. This gap is often explained by reference to familial status and responsibilities. In this article, we examine the research productivity gender gap from an international perspective by undertaking a gendered analysis of the Changing Academic Profession Survey. We suggest that family is not, in all cases, operating as a form of negative equity in the prestige economy of higher education. In addition, we argue that an over-reliance on an explanatory framework that positions family-related variables as central to the research productivity gender gap might well be drawing our attention from significant structural and systemic discriminatory practices within the profession.
Tagungsbericht "Gleichstellung, Dual Career und Bestenauslese" : Tagung des Vereins zur Förderung des deutschen & internationalen Wissenschaftsrechts ; 7.-8. November 2013 Universität zu Köln
Autor/in:
Metzger, Marie
Quelle: Wissenschaftsrecht, 47 (2014) 1, S 91–100
Inhalt: On November 7th and 8th 2013 the Society of German and International Scholarly Law hosted a conference on gender equality, ,Dual Career' and selection of best at the University of Cologne. The diverse program with contributions by speakers from various backgrounds kept what the selection of topics promised. In addition to the legal analysis of the interplay between tender procedures, selection of the best and effective gender equality measures in academic life, numerous practical aspects in the field of gender equality were addressed. Thus an insight into the model of 'Dual Career' was achieved whose successes were later exemplified using the ETH Zurich. Towards the end of the event the 'cascade model' was introduced and a speech on recruitment and gender-blindness rounded off the program. The discussions after each contribution showed the topicality of the gender issue. All in all the hosts had their finger on the pulse of time with the selection of the subjects gender equality, 'dual career' and selection of the best. (HRK / Abstract übernommen)
Schlagwörter:Dual Career Couple; Familie-Beruf; Gleichstellung; Gleichstellungsmaßnahmen; Hochschule; Leistungsbewertung; Recht; Wissenschaft
"Ich hatte ein paar mehr Kämpfe auszustehen als mein Mann" : Dual-Career-Couples auf der Suche nach den Faktoren für gutes Leben und Arbeiten in der Wissenschaft
Titelübersetzung:"I had more fights to stand than my husband." : Dual career couples and their search for key factors for balancing life and academic work
Autor/in:
Leinfellner, Stefanie
Quelle: Gender : Zeitschrift für Geschlecht, Kultur und Gesellschaft, Jg. 6 (2014) H. 3, S. 78-93
Inhalt: "Der Beitrag beleuchtet das bislang nicht gelöste Dilemma der Vereinbarkeit von wissenschaftlicher Karriere und Familie sowie die Strategien von Dual-Career-Familien vor dem Hintergrund gesamtgesellschaftlicher Veränderungsprozesse auf der Ebene von Geschlecht. Anhand von empirischem Datenmaterial wird der Frage nachgegangen, welche Faktoren im lebens- und arbeitsweltlichen Kontext aus der Perspektive der befragten Doppelkarrierefamilien das Ausbalancieren von doppelter Karriere im Wissenschaftssystem als Arbeitsort mit Partnerschaft und Familie fördern oder hemmen. Es werden zunächst Schnittstellen und Kontexte des Dual- Career-Diskurses rekapituliert und anschließend mit Hilfe von Paarinterview-Ausschnitten Rahmenbedingungen für Karrieren in der Wissenschaft sowie deren Verwobenheit mit der vergeschlechtlichten Organisation der Familien- und Reproduktionsarbeit analysiert." (Autorenreferat)
Inhalt: "The article sheds light on the as yet unresolved dilemma of balancing a career and family life and the strategies adopted by dual career couples against the backdrop of social transformations in gender relations. Based on empirical data the author investigates the extent to which the interviewed dual career couples have to face contexts involving benefits and obstacles when combining two academic careers with partnership and family. The interfaces and contexts relating to the dual career discourse are first recapitulated. Then, using interviews with dual career couples as the basis, the article analyzes the gendered conditions for combining reproduction, everyday life as a family and work along the academic career track." (author's abstract)
Schlagwörter:Wissenschaftlerin; Dual Career Couple; Familie-Beruf; Leitbild; Karriere; Familienarbeit; Berufstätigkeit; berufstätige Frau
CEWS Kategorie:Arbeitswelt und Arbeitsmarkt, Berufsbiographie und Karriere, Geschlechterverhältnis, Vereinbarkeit Familie-Beruf