Zur Produktivität intersektionaler und queertheoretischer Ansätze in der Modeforschung
Titelübersetzung:Intersectionality and queer theory as critical approaches in fashion studies
Autor/in:
Weilandt, Maria
Quelle: GENDER - Zeitschrift für Geschlecht, Kultur und Gesellschaft, 10 (2018) 3, S 12-23
Inhalt: Mode und Geschlecht sind innerhalb modischer Praktiken auf komplexe Art und Weise miteinander verbunden. In diesem Beitrag schlage ich vor, eine intersektionale und eine queertheoretische Perspektive in die Modeforschung zu integrieren, um der Ambivalenz und Hybridität modischer Praktiken methodisch zu begegnen. Dabei fasse ich zunächst Gender als interdependente Kategorie, die in sich bereits durch andere Kategorien konstruiert ist. Anhand zweier Beispiele, der modischen Stereotypisierungen dapper und DapperQ, skizziere ich beispielhaft, was eine solche Perspektive in der Modeforschung leisten kann. Dabei geht es exemplarisch darum, wie modische Gendernormen visuell und textuell konstruiert sind und wie sie, innerhalb queerer Praktiken, gestört bzw. dekonstruiert werden.
Das dritte Geschlecht: Welche Maßnahmen sind notwendig, um das Grundsatzurteil des Bundesverfassungsgerichts zur Einführung des dritten Geschlechts bei geschlechtsgetrennten Angeboten und Räumen mit Intersexuellen umzusetzen?
Autor/in:
Möller, Mia Sophie
Quelle:
Inhalt: Die Studienarbeit beschäftigt sich mit der Fragestellung, welche Auswirkungen die vom Bundesverfassungsgericht geforderte Einführung eines dritten Geschlechts auf die Arbeit mit intersexuellen Menschen hat. Hierbei wird der Fokus auf geschlechtsgetrennte Angebote und geschlechtsgetrennte Räume gelegt. Die Arbeit zeigt Problematiken auf und dient als Einführung in eine Diskussion, die durch das Umdenken der Gesellschaft weg von einer binären Geschlechterwelt notwendig wird.
Schlagwörter:policy implementation; Politikumsetzung; gender; soziale Folgen; Gender; Urteil; Federal Republic of Germany; judgment or sentence; gender-specific factors; social effects; Intersexualität; drittes Geschlecht; Personenstandsgesetz; PStG
Mind the Gap! Comparing Gender Politics in Japan and Taiwan
Titelübersetzung:Mind the Gap! Japans und Taiwans Genderpolitik im Vergleich
Autor/in:
Shim, Jaemin
Quelle: GIGA German Institute of Global and Area Studies - Leibniz-Institut für Globale und Regionale Studien, Institut für Asien-Studien; Hamburg (GIGA Focus Asien, 5), 2018. 12 S
Inhalt: Japan and Taiwan share common cultural characteristics, and their economics have developed in similar ways too. They perform equally well on educational attainment, infant mortality, and unemployment meanwhile. Yet, Japan lags far behind Taiwan when it comes to gender equality - including the significantly less prominent and active role of women in parliament in the former. The difference between the two countries in this regard can be explained by three key political factors.
First, women's movements in Taiwan benefitted from the momentum created during the democratisation phase of the early 1990s. They have since become a powerful force, pushing for gender equality measures such as mandatory gender quotas. In contrast, women's movements in Japan tend to be fragmented, decentralised, or focussed only on specific issues. Second, the major center-right Kuomintang party in Taiwan has actively taken advantage of gender equality issues for electoral purposes. By contrast, in Japan the move towards greater gender equality has faced a strong backlash from various conservative forces ranging from the ruling center-right Liberal Democratic Party to right-leaning media, or even to conservative female academics. Third, the Japanese political system makes it harder to promote gender issues there compared to in the Taiwanese case. Japan's parliamentary system marginalises the role of legislators, which in turn limits female parliamentarians' efforts. Also, even if both countries have two electoral "tiers" - one to represent the district, and the other that of the political party - the latter one in Japan features a loophole, and thus has not been used to represent diverse interests within society. As the comparison shows, politics has played a significant role in creating a gap in the two countries' gender balances. Considering that Japan has continued to be highly self-conscious about its international standing, there should be constant external pressure for women's political empowerment, career advancement, and better work-life balance. Corrective measures could include the adoption of a gender quota in politics and business, or more incentives for both men and women to take parental leave.
Schlagwörter:Differenz; role distribution; gender relations; Frauenbewegung; difference; women's policy; Rollenverteilung; Japan; Parteipolitik; Frauenpolitik; Abgeordneter; representative; Far East; women's movement; politische Partizipation; gender; Ostasien; party politics; Taiwan; international comparison; Taiwan; Gender; Geschlechterverhältnis; political participation; internationaler Vergleich; Japan; Geschlechterrolle; Genderpolitik; Ländervergleich; Unterschied
Raising Children to Be (In-)Tolerant: Influence of Church, Education, and Society on Adolescents' Stance towards Queer People in Germany
Titelübersetzung:Erziehung zur (In-)Toleranz: Einfluss von Kirche, staatlicher Bildung und Zivilgesellschaft auf die Einstellung Jugendlicher zu sexueller Vielfalt
Autor/in:
Mayerhoffer, Daniel M.
Quelle: Historical Social Research, 43 (2018) 1, S 144-167
Inhalt: There recently was a highly emotional debate in Germany regarding what to teach children about sexual plurality; different actors accuse each other of wrongful indoctrination. This paper presents a computational model based on the results of the SINUS youth study 2016 indicating that the dynamics of adolescents finding their own stance towards sexual plurality are resilient towards external pressure by clerical or government activities. Instead, civil society plays a strong role in the process of children developing their own opinions. This underlines that values in society can be reproduced between generations.
Schlagwörter:education; Meinungsbildung; Wertorientierung; opinion formation; Simulation; attitude formation; tolerance; sexuality; value-orientation; Erziehung; Sexualität; Federal Republic of Germany; Jugendlicher; influence; simulation; gender; adolescent; model; religiöse Sozialisation; Gender; Modell; Toleranz; Einfluss; religious socialization; Einstellungsbildung; Agent-based modelling; social values; adolescents; sexual plurality; church
SSOAR Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Sozialpsychologie
Im toten Winkel - Genderdiskurs und Verkehrsmitteldesign
Titelübersetzung:In the blind spot: gender discourse and vehicle design
Autor/in:
Hinterhuber, Eva Maria; Möller, Simon
Quelle: GENDER - Zeitschrift für Geschlecht, Kultur und Gesellschaft, 10 (2018) 1, S 115-129
Inhalt: Ziel des Beitrags ist, am Beispiel der Geschichte des Mobilitätsdiskurses das Gendering industrieller Massenprodukte im Fahrzeugbereich sowie dessen historische und gesellschaftliche Ausprägungen exemplarisch nachvollziehbar zu machen. Ausgangspunkt ist eine Definition von Design, die dessen diskursive Funktion fokussiert: Design selbst produziert Bedeutung und transportiert diese nicht nur. Vor diesem Hintergrund erfolgt ein diskursanalytischer Blick auf 'Gendered Mobility' - vom historischen Geschlechterkampf ums Fahrrad bis zu Entwürfen von 'Frauenautos' in der jüngeren Vergangenheit. Mittels einer solchen Analyse des gegenderten Mobilitätsdiskurses wird gezeigt, wie Design sowohl auf der Seite der Gestaltenden als auch auf der Seite der Konsumierenden an der performativen Herstellung von Geschlechtsidentität(en) und damit auch an der (Re-)Produktion der bestehenden, hierarchischen Geschlechterverhältnisse in der gegenwärtigen Wachstumsökonomie beteiligt ist - ein Vorgehen, das nicht auf Gender begrenzt ist, sondern auf weitere Diversitätsdimensionen und deren Intersektionen ausgeweitet werden kann.
Inhalt: The article aims to analyse the gendering of industrial mass products in the automotive sector using the example of the mobility discourse and to shed light on its historical and social manifestations. The starting point is a definition of design which focuses on its discursive function: Design not only transports meanings but also produces them. Against this backdrop, a discourse analytical perspective is applied to "gendered mobility" - from the historical battle of the sexes around the bicycle to the design of "women's cars" in the recent past. Based on such an analysis of the gendered mobility discourse, the article shows how design participates in the performative production of gender identity/ identities and thus also in the (re-)production of existing hierarchical gender relations in the current growth economy, both on the part of the designers and consumers. This approach is not limited to gender but can be extended to further diversity dimensions and their intersections.
Schlagwörter:Mobilität; mobility; Verkehrsmittel; means of transport; Design; design; gender-specific factors; Geschlechterverhältnis; gender relations; Fahrrad; bicycle; Kraftfahrzeug; motor vehicle; Marketing; marketing; Gender; gender; Stereotyp; stereotype; Gendered Design
Feminism as Power and Resistance: An Inquiry into Different Forms of Swedish Feminist Resistance and Anti-Genderist Reactions
Autor/in:
Lilja, Mona; Johansson, Evelina
Quelle: Social Inclusion, 6 (2018) 4, S 82-94
Inhalt: This article explores how resistance and power are intertwined within the field of mainstream Swedish feminism, by analyzing some of its more visible expressions and strategies. These feminist resistance strategies could be described as circulating resistance (e.g., the #metoo campaign), public assemblies, the more subtle “disciplinary resistance”, and state feminism. The article illustrates how these different forms of resistance fuel different reactions from movements that reiterate different discourses of “anti-genderism”. In addition, some forms of feminism (state feminism and feminist disciplinary resistance) sometimes develop into, or overlap with, different technologies of power.
Schlagwörter:Schweden; Sweden; Feminismus; feminism; Gender; gender; Macht; power; Widerstand; resistance; Gender Mainstreaming; gender mainstreaming; anti-genderism; popular assemblies; state feminism
"Sweden Has Been Naïve": Nationalism, Protectionism and Securitisation in Response to the Refugee Crisis of 2015
Autor/in:
Ericson, Mathias
Quelle: Social Inclusion, 6 (2018) 4, S 95-102
Inhalt: Fake news, disinformation campaigns, xenophobia, political resentment, and a general backlash on equality issues mark the current political climate. In this context, the idealism of the Swedish welfare state has gained a specific symbolic value. This article investigates how the idealisation of Sweden as a modern and gender-equal country was articulated as a focal point in the establishment of threat and crisis narratives in the political debate of the refugee crisis of 2015. The article shows how progressive and egalitarian ideals were viewed as outdated and naïve, but at the same time put forward as core values worthy of protection. The title refers to the statement made by the Swedish Prime Minister in 2015 stating that “Sweden has been naïve” and serves as an example of how the myth of Sweden as an exceptionally modern, secular, and equal society was evoked in processes of securitisation, nationalistic protectionism, and normalisation of xenophobia. The article concludes that the articulation of Swedish exceptionalism in the establishment of threat and crisis narratives may reproduce and enhance social inequality and polarisation.
Schlagwörter:Schweden; Sweden; Sozialstaat; social welfare state; Sozialpolitik; social policy; Migrationspolitik; migration policy; Protektionismus; protectionism; Nationalismus; nationalism; Gender; gender; Gleichheit; equality; Gleichberechtigung; equality of rights; refugee crisis
SSOAR Kategorie:Sozialpolitik, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung
Changing Gender Norms in Islam Between Reason and Revelation
Autor/in:
Bakhshizadeh, Marziyeh
Quelle: Opladen, 2018. 247 S
Inhalt: Women‘s movements in Islamic countries have had a long and arduous journey in their quest for the realization of human rights and genuine equality. The author examines whether discriminatory laws against women do in fact originate from Islam and, ultimately, if there is any interpretation of Islam compatible with gender equality. She investigates women’s rights in Iran since the 1979 Revolution from the perspectives of the main currents of Islamic thought, fundamentalists, reformists, and seculars, using a sociological explanation. The disputes about human reason and its relation to revelation can be traced in various Islamic schools of thought since the eighth century AD. However, the disputes have intensified since the eighteenth century when Muslims faced challenges to their faith and social order, brought about by modernity and enlightenment from the West. There were various reactions within the Islamic world. These reflections produced different interpretations of Islam that can be categorized based on their understanding of how compatible Islamic laws are with a specific time and space; as well as how they define the relationship between human reason and revelation. The three major interpretations of Islam within a spectrum are on the far right fundamentalists, in the middle reformists, and on the far left secularists; each having diverse views on the legitimacy and applicability of all Islamic law in modern times, and consequently having various perspectives on justice and gender equality. Accordingly, the author aims to investigate the different interpretations on Islam to find out which interpretations are compatible with the global norms of justice, and hence in accord to women’s rights and gender equality. In order to analyze the Islamic thought flows through a sociological perspective, a theoretical model is proposed based on theories of sociology of religion (Peter Berger and Thomas Luckmann), Structuration theory (Anthony Giddens) and struggles related to universal norms of justice (Nancy Fraser, Axel Honneth, Seyla Benhabib). According to this theoretical model, there is a dialectical relationship between individual and structure. Religion, as a factor of structure, defines a framework of interaction for individual agents in personal and social life. Religion also offers a value and meaning system for human beings. On the other hand, human beings examine the patterns of interaction through 'reflexive monitoring,' and employing human reason and rational explanation. Therefore, human beings do not passively accept all patterns of interaction. In this model of dialectical relationship between individual and structure, justice means providing equal access to political, economic, and cultural resources in society and in the family. On this matter, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination Against Women provide practical and universal criteria for the protection of human and women's rights, and ensure gender equality in society. Following the theoretical model, the research aims to reconstruct the main interpretations of Islam in three core issues of Islamic law, human reason, and women’s rights considering universal norms of justice.
Schlagwörter:Gender; gender; Islam; Islam; Menschenrechte; human rights; Diskriminierung; discrimination; religiöse Faktoren; religious factors; Gerechtigkeit; justice; Vernunft; reason; Gleichberechtigung; equality of rights; Gleichstellung; affirmative action; woman; Iran; Iran
SSOAR Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Religionssoziologie
Women's Coalitions beyond the Laicism-Islamism Divide in Turkey: Towards an Inclusive Struggle for Gender Equality?
Autor/in:
Çağatay, Selin
Quelle: Social Inclusion, 6 (2018) 4, S 48-58
Inhalt: In the 2010s in Turkey, the ruling Justice and Development Party's (AKP) authoritarian-populist turn accompanied the institutionalization of political Islam. As laicism was discredited and labeled as an imposed-from-above principle of Western/Kemalist modernity, the notion of equality ceased to inform the state’s gender policies. In response to AKP's attempts to redefine gender relations through the notions of complementarity and fıtrat (purpose of creation), women across the political spectrum have mobilized for an understanding of gender equality that transcends the laicism - Islamism divide yet maintains secularity as its constitutive principle. Analyzing three recent attempts of women's coalition-building, this article shows that, first, gender equality activists in the 2010s are renegotiating the border between secularity and piety towards more inclusive understandings of gender equality; and second, that struggles against AKP’s gender politics are fragmented due to different configurations of gender equality and secularity that reflect class and ethnic antagonisms in Turkish society. The article thereby argues for the need to move beyond binary approaches to secularism and religion that have so far dominated the scholarly analysis of women’s activism in both Turkey and the Nordic context.