Wer soll die Professur bekommen? Eine Untersuchung zur Bewertung von Auswahlkriterien in Berufungsverfahren der Psychologie
Autor/in:
Abele-Brehm, Andrea E.; Bühner, Markus
Quelle: Psychologische Rundschau, 67 (2016) 4, S 250–261
Inhalt: Die Entwicklung einer Wissenschaft ist abhängig von den Personen, die sie tragen. Der Auswahl geeigneter Personen in Berufungsverfahren auf Professuren kommt deshalb eine besondere Bedeutung zu. Die vorliegende Studie beschäftigt sich erstmals damit, wie Kolleginnen und Kollegen der Psychologie Berufungsverfahren beurteilen; wie wichtig sie verschiedene Indikatoren für die Eignung auf eine Professur einschätzen; wie hoch die Diskrepanz zwischen gewünschter und tatsächlicher Relevanz dieser Indikatoren ist; sowie wie sie zu verschiedenen Ausgestaltungsmöglichkeiten von Berufungsverfahren stehen. Es wurden 3.784 Mitglieder der DGPs angeschrieben, um an einer online Befragung teilzunehmen.
Der Diskriminierungsdiskurs und das Kavaliersmodell universitärer Frauenförderung
Autor/in:
Hirschauer, Stefan
Quelle: Soziale Welt : Zeitschrift für sozialwissenschaftliche Forschung und Praxis, 67 (2016) 2, S 119–136
Inhalt: Der Aufsatz untersucht die universitäre Gleichstellungspolitik auf ihre Ziele und Prämissen, Maßnahmen und Effekte. Vor dem Hintergrund zahlreicher empirischer Studien zu den Karrierenachteilen von Frauen im privaten Leben scheint die Gleichstellungspolitik mit ihrem Fokus auf Diskriminierung in Organisationen fehlgesteuert. Dies erklärt nicht nur ihre schwache Wirksamkeit, es erzeugt auch wachsende Schäden. Das Kavaliersmodell der Frauenförderung viktimisiert und stigmatisiert Frauen, benachteiligt Männer, und setzt Berufungsverfahren einer dauerhaften politischen Verdächtigung aus, die ihre professionelle Neutralität und soziale Akzeptanz beschädigen. Die universitäre Gleichstellungspolitik ist, wie andere Sozialtechnologien, Teil des Problems geworden, das sie lösen soll. Lindern kann sie es nur, wenn sie ihren paternalistischen Diskriminierungsdiskurs durch einen kompensatorischen familiären Lastenausgleich ersetzt. (Autorenzusammenfassung)
Quelle: Sociological Perspectives, 59 (2016) 2, S 225–245
Inhalt: Women are underrepresented in U.S. tenure-track faculty positions, and institutional interventions are key to creating greater gender equality and accessing women’s potential. This study examines the effectiveness of one “transformational” intervention, the ADVANCE Institutional Transformation initiative, implemented at the University of California, Irvine (UCI), in 2001. We compare data on women’s representation in faculty positions before and during the UCI ADVANCE Program (1993–2009) to that of seven other campuses in the University of California system, where no initiatives of this scale were implemented. Using descriptive figures, T tests, and regression analyses, we find that UCI had a higher percentage of women faculty and hired a greater percentage of women during ADVANCE years, but did not retain women at a greater rate. We describe the UCI ADVANCE program and its structure, including its “Equity Advisors,” who we suggest have been important in improving women’s representation among faculty at UCI.
Limits to meritocracy? Gender in academic recruitment and promotion processes
Autor/in:
Nielsen, Mathias Wullum
Quelle: Sci. and Pub. Pol. (Science and Public Policy), 43 (2016) 3, S 386–399
Inhalt: According to the literature, women researchers are sometimes at a disadvantage in academic recruitment due to insufficient network ties and subtle gender biases among evaluators. But how exactly do highly formal recruitment procedures allow space for mobilizing informal, potentially gendered, network ties? Focusing on the preliminary stages of recruitment, this study covers an underexposed aspect of women's underrepresentation in academia. By combining recruitment statistics and interviews with department heads at a Danish university, it identifies a discrepancy between the institutionalized beliefs among managers in the meritocracy and the de facto functioning of the recruitment procedures. Of the vacancies for associate- and full professorships, 40% have one applicant, and 19% are announced under closed procedures with clear implications for gender stratification. The interviews reveal a myriad of factors explaining these patterns showing how department heads sometimes exploit decoupling processes to reduce external constraints on management function and ensure organizational certainty.
Autor/in:
Abramo, Giovanni; D'Angelo, Ciriaco Andrea; Rosati, Francesco
Quelle: Scientometrics, 106 (2016) 1, S 119–141
Inhalt: It is well known that women are underrepresented in the academic systems of many countries. Gender discrimination is one of the factors that could contribute to this phenomenon. This study considers a recent national academic recruitment campaign in Italy, examining whether women are subject to more or less bias than men. The findings show that no gender-related differences occur among the candidates who benefit from positive bias, while among those candidates affected by negative bias, the incidence of women is lower than that of men. Among the factors that determine success in a competition for an academic position, the number of the applicant's career years in the same university as the committee members assumes greater weight for male candidates than for females. Being of the same gender as the committee president is also a factor that assumes greater weight for male applicants. On the other hand, for female applicants, the presence of a full professor in the same university with the same family name as the candidate assumes greater weight than for male candidates.
CEWS Kategorie:Wissenschaft als Beruf, Hochschulen, Geschlechterverhältnis, Berufungsverfahren
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Make academic job advertisements fair to all
Autor/in:
Nielsen, Mathias Wullum
Quelle: Nature, 525 (2015) , 427 S
Inhalt: It is well known that women are under-represented in senior science and research positions. This is true even in Denmark, which has long been considered one of the most advanced societies when it comes to gender equality. Although stories of sexism in science often focus on explicit bias, more-subtle factors are widely influential too.
Excellence in university academic staff evaluation : A problematic reality?
Autor/in:
O'Connor, Pat; O'Hagan, Clare
Quelle: Studies in Higher Education, 41 (2015) 11, S 1943–1957
Inhalt: This article is concerned with the macro-cultural ideal or institutional myth of excellence as defined and used in the evaluation of academic staff as part of an institutional logic. Such logics ‘prescribe what constitutes legitimate behaviour and provide taken-for-granted conceptions of what goals are appropriate and what means are legitimate to achieve these goals’ as stated by Pache and Santos Insead. In the case study university, this logic is reflected in the identification of ostensibly objective, gender-neutral key performance indicators of excellence. Lamont suggests that evaluation is necessarily subjective. Drawing on 23 qualitative interviews with those involved in such evaluation, this article looks at
variation in the definition of excellence and in the evaluative practices in decision-making fora. It raises questions about the implications of this for gender inequality and for the myth of excellence and ultimately for the legitimacy of the organisation.