Inhalt: Gender equality is a major problem that places women at a disadvantage thereby stymieing economic growth and societal advancement. In the last two decades, extensive research has been conducted on gender related issues, studying both their antecedents and consequences. However, existing literature reviews fail to provide a comprehensive and clear picture of what has been studied so far, which could guide scholars in their future research. Our paper offers a scoping review of a large portion of the research that has been published over the last 22 years, on gender equality and related issues, with a specific focus on business and economics studies. Combining innovative methods drawn from both network analysis and text mining, we provide a synthesis of 15,465 scientific articles. We identify 27 main research topics, we measure their relevance from a semantic point of view and the relationships among them, highlighting the importance of each topic in the overall gender discourse. We find that prominent research topics mostly relate to women in the workforce-e.g., concerning compensation, role, education, decision-making and career progression. However, some of them are losing momentum, and some other research trends-for example related to female entrepreneurship, leadership and participation in the board of directors-are on the rise. Besides introducing a novel methodology to review broad literature streams, our paper offers a map of the main gender-research trends and presents the most popular and the emerging themes, as well as their intersections, outlining important avenues for future research.
Schlagwörter:business; economics; gender equality; gender research; Geschlechterforschung; literature review; network analysis; text mining; Trend; Wirtschaftswissenschaft
CEWS Kategorie:Arbeitswelt und Arbeitsmarkt, Geschlechterverhältnis
Pretest eines Fragenmoduls zu subjektiven Diskriminierungserfahrungen in der SOEP-Innovationsstichprobe 2020 (ESD-SOEP)
Autor/in:
David Richter; David Kasprowski; Mirjam Fischer
Quelle: (2021) , 30 S
Inhalt: Diskriminierung ist gesellschaftliche Realität und eine Alltagserfahrung vieler Menschen in Deutschland. Um die Handlungskompetenzen von Betroffenen zu erhöhen und um die diskriminierenden Strukturen zu verändern, ist eine adäquate, akkurate und aktuelle Datenlage unabdingbar. Derzeit ist die Datenlage für eine Diskriminierungsberichterstattung in Bezug auf die durch das Allgemeinen Gleichbehandlungsgesetz (AGG) geschützten Kategorien Geschlecht, ethnische Herkunft/rassifizierende Zuschreibung, Religion/Weltanschauung, Behinderung/Beeinträchtigung, Lebensalter und sexuelle Orientierung nicht ausreichend (Baumann, Egenberger & Supik, 2018)). Das liegt unter anderem daran, dass zwar in großen Wiederholungsbefragungen in Deutschland nach Diskriminierungserfahrungen gefragt wird, meist richten sich die entsprechenden Fragen aber nur an Teilgruppen der Bevölkerung (z.B. Menschen mit Migrationshintergrund) oder es wird nur nach Diskriminierungserfahrungen aufgrund bestimmter Merkmale (z.B. Alter) gefragt. Entsprechend fehlen vergleichbare Informationen zu Diskriminierungserfahrungen verschiedener Bevölkerungsgruppen in Deutschland. Daher ist es notwenig, dass in einer großen, repräsentativen Wiederholungsbefragung unter gleichbleibenden methodischen Rahmenbedingungen in regelmäßigen Abständen nach Diskriminierungerfahrungen aufgrund aller im AGG geschützten Merkmale und in unterschiedlichen Lebensbereichen (z.B. auf der Straße, im Beruf oder bei der Wohnungssuche) gefragt wird, um sowohl Quer- als auch Längschnittvergleiche zu ermöglichen.
Eine Verbesserung der Datenlage zu Antidiskriminierung und Gleichstellung wird auch von der EU-Kommission als notwendig erachtet (Farkas, 2017; Makkonen, 2016). Um die Erhebung und Nutzung von Gleichstellungsdaten in den Mitgliedsländern der EU zu verbessern wird empfohlen, in großen EU-weiten sowie in nationalen Befragungen Daten zu erheben, die Aussagen zu Ungleichheit und wahrgenommener Diskriminierung entlang der im AGG geschützten Merkmale ermöglichen (European Commission, 2018). Diese Daten sollten in regelmäßigen Abständen und vorzugsweise in Panelbefragungen erhoben werden.
Um die Datenlage zu Diskriminierung weiter zu verbessern und die Datengrundlage für ein kontinuierliches Diskriminierungsmonitoring in Deutschland zu etablieren, soll ein Fragenmodul zur Erhebung von subjektiven Diskriminierungserfahrungen im Soziooekonomischen Panel (SOEP) eingesetzt werden. Zentraler Bestandteil ist dabei die Möglichkeit, auch Aussagen zum Vorkommen von Diskriminierungserfahrungen in einzelnen Lebensbereichen zu machen. Weiterhin soll in einem solchen Fragenmodul nach der Bekanntheit des AGG als zentraler Rechtsgrundlage zur Verhinderung und Beseitigung von Diskriminierung in Deutschland sowie nach den Reaktionen der Betroffenen auf Diskriminierungserfahrungen bzw. den Gründen für ausbleibende Reaktionen gefragt werden.
Vor dem Einsatz von neuen Fragen im SOEP steht in der Regel die Pilotierung dieser in der SOEP Innovationstichprobe. Auf diese Weise wird sichergestellt, dass nur ausgereifte Fragen im Rahmen der Haushaltsbefragungen im SOEP eingesetzt werden, die von allen Befragten gleichermaßen gut verstanden und beantwortet werden können. Im Rahmen des Projekts wurde das Fragenmodul zur Erhebung von subjektiven Diskriminierungserfahrungen getestet, optimiert und für den Einsatz im Rahmen der Haushaltsbefragungen des SOEP vorbereitet. Das Projekt wurde durch die Antidiskriminierungsstelle des Bundes gefördert (AZ: 1700/01-040).
A Comparative Approach on the Relevance of National Gender Equality Legal Frameworks in Israel, Portugal, and Slovakia to Improve Equality at the Institutional Level
Quelle: Journal of International Women's Studies, 22 (2021) 5, 21 S
Inhalt: In the last decades, women’s participation in Higher Education has increased in most Western countries, even if the well-known phenomena of horizontal and vertical segregation still persist (O’Connor, 2017). The reasons for the persistence of these phenomena have been widely studied (Ridgeway, 2011; Pearce, Wald, & Ballakrishnen, 2014; Rhode, 2016), highlighting the importance of defining and implementing affirmative actions to improve women’s situation in Higher Education. In this context, the European Union (EU) has placed the topic of gender equality (GE) in Higher Education with high relevance in the political agenda. As a result, several research projects have been approved to design and implement Gender Equality Plans (GEPs) in Higher Education Institutions (HEIs).
This paper reflects the design and implementation process of GEPs in a group of countries integrating an international project. Based on data analysis of national legal documents, this paper examines the macro factors that can contribute to improving GE at the institutional level. The empirical analysis is based on a qualitative approach sustained on the analysis of national legal documents related to the economic, political, and social domains of Portugal, Slovakia, and Israel.
The comparative analysis among the countries reveals that there are relevant actions already in place in national legal frameworks that can be seen as positive to design and implement GEP in HEIs.
The Healing after Gender-Based Violence Scale (GBV-Heal): An Instrument to Measure Recovery Progress in Women-Identifying Survivors
Autor/in:
Sinko, Laura; Schaitkin, Chris; Saint Arnault, Denise
Quelle: Global qualitative nursing research, 8 (2021) , S 1–13
Inhalt: Current literature has primarily equated gender-based violence recovery with an improvement of physical or mental health symptoms, causing a gap in our understanding of the impact of interventions beyond the amelioration of adverse symptomology. The purpose of this research was to create an instrument to holistically measure gender-based violence recovery based on survivor healing goals. Ethnographic interviews were conducted in women-identifying gender-based violence survivors (ages 18-76) to determine healing domains and develop items using survivor language (n = 56). Focus groups with academic and community experts (n = 12) and cognitive interviews with gender-based violence survivors (n = 12) were conducted to ensure content and face validity, as well as to evaluate acceptability. This yielded a 31-item instrument to measure healing progress on a 5-point Likert scale. The Healing after Gender-based Violence Scale has the potential to highlight survivor strength and growth while more accurately measuring their recovery process based on survivor goals and desires.
Schlagwörter:domestic violence; healing; instrument development; measurement; Midwest United States; recovery; scale; sexual assault; survey; survivor experience; violence against women
Universities’ Social Responsibility through the Lens of Strategic Planning: A Content Analysis
Autor/in:
Nardo, Maria Teresa; Codreanu, Georgiana Cristina; Roberto, Fabiana
Quelle: Administrative Sciences, 11 (2021) 4, 139 S
Inhalt: This paper examines the degree of social responsibility integration in Italian public universities’ medium and long-term planning documents. We adopted a qualitative approach, applying the content analysis technique to a selected sample of 20 strategic plans issued by Italian large and mega universities. The coding instrument was developed considering the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) contained in the United Nations 2030 Agenda. Therefore, we identified 17 categories and 103 key symbols. The analysis undertaken showed that to date, Italian public universities still pay little attention in their planning documents to objectives regarding the multiple dimensions of Social Responsibility, mainly in relation to environmental issues, a failure detrimental to University Social Responsibility implementation and achievement. However, there is a greater sensitivity to Social Responsibility issues in some universities’ planning documents, therefore also more mature practices can be identified, showing universities that have institutionalized the concept of sustainability in their planning documents.
Schlagwörter:content analysis; higher education; Italy; organizational behavior; social norm; Strategie; sustainability; sustainable development goal; university
Quelle: University of Tartu; Eesti Teadusagentuur; Tartu, 2021.
Inhalt: This study will determine the current state of gender equality in the research landscape of Estonia and the factors affecting the choice of field of study and academic career as well as career development. It is based on both quantitative and qualitative analysis, providing an overview of the roportions of men and women in academic fields (incl. by position), the research output of male and female members of academic staff and, finally, the overall salary situation.
Inhalt: A recent TPT call for papers asks for “more research … about how to tear down and/or overcome the barriers to success that the world, and science, and academia, and the culture of physics put in the way of those who are not white and male.” Women make up only 20% of bachelor’s degree recipients in physics. Hispanic people comprise less than 8%, with Black people accounting for less than half that number. While the representation of Hispanic people appears to be increasing over the last 10 years, the same is not true for Black people, nor is it true for women.
Quantitative Intersectional Study Design and Primary Data Collection
Autor/in:
Bauer, Greta
Quelle: Institute of Gender and Health; (Meet the Methods Series, 3), 2021. 2 S
Inhalt: What is intersectionality and why does it matter in quantitative health research?
When should quantitative researchers be incorporating intersectional analyses in their studies?
What steps should researchers take to conduct intersectional research?
Methodological manual for the EU survey on gender-based violence against women and other forms of inter-personal violence (EU-GBV) : 2021 edition - Manuals and Guidelines
Autor/in:
Eurostat
Quelle: Eurostat; Luxembourg, 2021. 694 S
Inhalt: The ambitions of the European Commission’s work on gender equality are set out in the Gender Equality Strategy for 2020-2025(1). One of the key prerequisites in achieving a gender-equal Europe is preventing and combating all forms of violence against women and girls, supporting and protecting victims of such crimes, and holding perpetrators accountable for their abusive behaviour. The strategy emphasizes that gender-based violence – that is, violence that is directed against a woman because she is a woman or that affects women disproportionately(2) – is still one of our societies’ biggest challenges and is deeply rooted in gender inequality(3).
The EU and its Member States are committed to achieving their objective and working towards ending genderbased violence through legislation and practical measures to uphold victims’ rights(4). A range of EU directives and other instruments are already in place requiring that the Member States establish minimum standards on crime victims’ rights and on support and protection, ensure compensation to crime victims, prohibit sex-based harassment, and establish systems for mutual recognition of protection measures in civil and criminal matters. Regrettably, enforcement of these issues is still limited, and violence remains under-reported(5). To develop efficient and effective policy and legal responses to end gender-based violence, accurate data are necessary. Thus, the Gender Equality Strategy for 2020-2025 calls for comprehensive, updated and comparable data for policies on combating gender-based violence. To obtain a complete picture of gender-based violence, data should be disaggregated by relevant intersectional aspects and indicators such as age, disability status, migrant status and rural/urban residence. The Council of Europe’s Convention on preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence, known as the Istanbul Convention(6) also underlined the importance of relevant statistics. The Istanbul Convention states, ‘For the purpose of implementation of this Convention, Parties shall undertake to collect disaggregated relevant statistical data … [and] … shall endeavour to conduct populationbased surveys at regular intervals to assess the prevalence of and trends in all forms of violence covered by the scope of this Convention’.
To respond to these needs, Eurostat has developed, with national statistical institutes (NSIs), a sound survey methodology and harmonised questionnaire for a EU-wide survey that will provide comparable data across Europe on the prevalence and dynamics of violence against women and other forms of inter-personal violence (EU-GBV). The EU-GBV survey questionnaire and methodology are now ready and described in this methodological manual.
Schlagwörter:Fragebogen; GBV; gender-based violence; questionnaire; sexual abuse; Statistics; survey; Umfragenmethodik
CEWS Kategorie:Europa und Internationales, Sexuelle Belästigung und Gewalt
Dokumenttyp:Graue Literatur, Bericht
Gender equality in research funding : A study of 11 European Countries, Israel, and Canada - Deliverable 6.3
Autor/in:
Hermansson, Kenth; Jacobsson, Carl; Österberg, Richard
Quelle: GENDER-NET Plus; , 2021.
Inhalt: This report examines the gender equality situation in European research funding, with the Canadian situation as a perspective. In-depth studies of the 13 GENDER-NET Plus countries are complemented by the analysis of aggregated data from the Gender Gap Index, and, for the European countries, data from Eurostat and She Figures. The European Commission report The Gender Challenge in Research Funding from 2009 serves as a base line for the analysis.