Diversity in diversity policy : The case of the Scandinavian countries
Autor/in:
Kalpazidou Schmidt, Evanthia
Quelle: Human Resource Development International, (2019) , S 1–11
Inhalt: The Scandinavian countries, i.e. Denmark, Norway and Sweden are often described as European leaders within equal opportunity and diversity. However, in spite of the fact that the Scandinavian countries have implemented policies and initiated programmes to ensure gender diversity in all sectors and levels of society since the mid-1970s and beginning of the 1980s, progress is generally slow. Nonetheless, the three countries differ regarding public and political attention on the issue and hence on policies, intensity of implementation and management of gender equality policies. In this article, we focus on the representation of Scandinavian women in leadership positions in larger companies and academia, and discuss the scope and intensity of gender equality policies and their effects. Finally, we highlight key lessons learned from decades of gender equality work in the three countries.
Schlagwörter:Dänemark; Diversität; Frauen in Führungspositionen; Führungsposition; Geschlechterverhältnis; Gleichstellungspolitik; impact assessment; Norwegen; Professorin; Professur; Schweden; Skandinavien; Unternehmen
CEWS Kategorie:Europa und Internationales, Gleichstellungspolitik, Geschlechterverhältnis
Quelle: Gender Work Organ (Gender, Work & Organization), 26 (2019) 2, S 158–179
Inhalt: In this study, we explore how men faculty understand the role of gender in shaping faculty experiences in academic science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) and how they position themselves in relation to inequalities disfavouring women. Our data reveal diversity among men in their understandings regarding challenges facing women in STEM. The majority of our participants revealed gender‐blind perspectives and argued that the egalitarian structure of academia does not allow gender to impact attainments in STEM in any significant way. However, a considerable number of them felt privileged compared to women and described subtle ways in which gender shapes opportunities. Our findings show the important implications of men's sensitivity to gender in the ways they perform their professional roles as, for example, mentors, colleagues and teachers in relation to women in STEM. They further call for attention to men's perceptions of gender issues when designing institutional interventions for improving women's conditions in STEM.
Inhalt: The Gender Equality Audit and Monitoring (GEAM) tool developed by the ACT project provides an integrated environment for carrying out survey-based gender equality audits in organizations (e.g. university or research performing organization) or organizational units (faculty, departments).
The GEAM tool is based upon the Athena Survey of Science, Engineering and Technology (ASSET) and on existing measurement scales in the scientific literature. It has been extended with new questions/topics and adapted to better fit the varying national contexts in Europe.
The GEAM is a modular questionnaire framework. This involves on the one hand the GEAM Core questionnaire, which comprises a relatively comprehensive collection of questions that cover most aspects of gender equality in academic organizations. The LimeSurvey version of the GEAM Core is provided as "lss" file. It provides a good starting point for implementing an initial audit and assessment of the current state-of-play in terms of gender equality in a given organization or organizational unit. On the other hand, however, the GEAM goes beyond that. Part of the present document references measurement scales that are relevant for gender equality issues but have not been included into the GEAM Core.
The GEAM tool aims to enable interested researchers as well as gender equality practitioners with little experience in the social sciences and survey methodology to construct high-quality questionnaires. Although the GEAM offers a set of standardized questions, it is the responsibility of the survey administrators to decide on the adequate questions, adapt it to both specific research interests and national/organizational contexts.
This document provides the background literature review of existing measurement scales on gender equality which have informed the development of the GEAM.
For accessing the GEAM services and related documentation, please consult the main site:
<a href="https://geam.act-on-gender.eu">https://geam.act-on-gender.eu
Deliverable 2.1 of the ACT project
Inhalt: The literature on gender and science shows that scientific careers continue to be characterised – albeit with important differences among countries – by strong gender discriminations, especially in more prestigious positions. Much less investigated is the issue of which stage in the career such differences begin to show up.
Gender and Precarious Research Careers aims to advance the debate on the process of precarisation in higher education and its gendered effects, and springs from a three-year research project across institutions in seven European countries: Italy, Belgium, the Netherlands, Iceland, Switzerland, Slovenia and Austria. Examining gender asymmetries in academic and research organisations, this insightful volume focuses particularly on early careers. It centres both on STEM disciplines (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics) and SSH (Social Science and Humanities) fields.
Offering recommendations to design innovative organisational policies and self-tailored ‘Gender Equality Plans’ to be implemented in universities and research centres, this volume will appeal to students and researchers interested in fields such as Gender Studies, Sociology of Work and Industry, Sociology of Knowledge, Business Studies and Higher Education.
Geschlecht als widersprüchliche Institution : Neoinstitutionalistische Implikationen zum Gender-Cage in Organisationen
Herausgeber/in:
Amstutz, Nathalie; Eberherr, Helga; Funder, Maria
Quelle: Baden-Baden: Nomos (Arbeit, Organisation und Geschlecht in Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft, 7), 2018. 300 Seiten
Inhalt: Mit der Transformation von Industriegesellschaften sind auch die Geschlechterverhältnisse in Bewegung geraten. Organisationen stehen daher zunehmend unter Druck, Fortschritte in Sachen Gleichstellung zu erzielen. Es stellt sich also die Frage, ob und inwieweit sie weiterhin Orte der (Re-)Produktion traditioneller Geschlechternormen und -strukturen bleiben oder zur Transformation des „Gender Cage“ beitragen.
Das Buch bietet aktuelle Forschungsbefunde und neo-institutionalistische Erklärungsansätze zur Re- und Neukonfiguration von Geschlechterdifferenzierungen in Organisationen. Im ersten Teil werden neo-institutionalistische Kernkonzepte (u.a. Institution, Feld, Isomorphie, Entkopplung) aus einer Geschlechterperspektive näher bestimmt. Der zweite Teil konzentriert sich auf den Um-gang mit gesellschaftlichen Gleichstellungserwartungen in For- und Non-Profit-Organisationen und zeigt paradoxe Entwicklungen auf. Der Band liefert neue Erkenntnisse zur Widersprüchlichkeit der Institution Geschlecht.
Gender in Focus : Identities, Codes, Stereotypes and Politics
Herausgeber/in:
Zamfira, Andreea; Montlibert, Christian de; Radu, Daniela
Quelle: Verlag Barbara Budrich, 2018.
Inhalt: This book deals with the interplay between identities, codes, stereotypes and politics governing the various constructions and deconstructions of gender in several Western and non-Western societies (Germany, Italy, Serbia, Romania, Cameroon, Indonesia, Vietnam, and others). Readers are invited to discover the realm of gender studies and to reflect upon the transformative potentialities of globalisation and interculturality.
The gendered modus operandi of the illiberal transformation in Hungary and Poland
Autor/in:
Grzebalska, Weronika; Pető, Andrea
Quelle: Women's Studies International Forum, 68 (2018) , S 164–172
Inhalt: Based on a comparative analysis of the ideological and policy tools of illiberal ruling parties in Hungary and Poland, this paper makes the case that the 21st century Central European illiberal transformation is a process deeply reliant on gender politics, and that a feminist analysis is central to understanding the current regime changes, both in terms of their ideological underpinnings, and with respect to their modus operandi. It argues that: 1. opposition to the liberal equality paradigm has become a key ideological space where the illiberal alternative to the post-1989 (neo)liberal project is being forged; 2. family mainstreaming and anti-gender policies have been one of the main pillars on which the illiberal state has been erected, and through which security, equality and human rights have been redefined; 3. illiberal transformation operates through the appropriation of key concepts, tools and funding channels of liberal equality politics which have been crucial to women's rights. The article describes some new and distinct challenges illiberal governance poses to the women's rights, feminist civil society and emancipatory politics in Hungary and Poland.
Inhalt: Der vorliegende Band nimmt Wechselbeziehungen zwischen Gleichstellungspolitiken, strukturellen Diskriminierungsformen und prekären Arbeitsverhältnissen in der neoliberalen Hochschule in den Blick.
Die Arbeits- und Lebenssituation von Wissenschaftler_innen hat sich in den vergangenen zwei Jahrzehnten tief greifend verändert. Die fortschreitende Ökonomisierung von Hochschulen und anderen Wissenschaftsorganisationen hat zu einer Zuspitzung von Wettbewerb und Konkurrenz geführt, die sich auch auf die Arbeits- und Wissenschaftskultur auswirkt. Insbesondere der akademische Mittelbau ist von einer verschärften Prekarisierung wissenschaftlicher Arbeitsverhältnisse und Laufbahnen betroffen. Zeitgleich lässt sich eine verstärkte Institutionalisierung von Gleichstellungs- und Diversitypolitiken in der Wissenschaft beobachten. Doch während an den hiesigen Universitäten heute mehr Frauen als je zuvor studieren, promovieren und wissenschaftliche Laufbahnen einschlagen, wirken strukturelle gruppenbezogene Benachteiligungen und Diskriminierungsformen fort. Die Ökonomisierung und Prekarisierung wissenschaftlicher Arbeit sowie die Thematisierung von Geschlechterungleichheit, institutionellem Rassismus und sozialer Selektivität in der Wissenschaft haben in den vergangenen Jahren als Einzelphänomene Aufmerksamkeit erfahren, wurden bislang jedoch nur selten systematisch in Bezug zueinander untersucht.
CEWS Kategorie:Wissenschaft als Beruf, Gleichstellungspolitik, Hochschulen, Geschlechterverhältnis
Dokumenttyp:Sammelwerk
Implicit bias in academia : A challenge to the meritocratic principle and to women's careers - and what to do about it
Autor/in:
League of European Research Universities (LERU)
Quelle: Leuven (Advice Paper, 23), 2018.
Inhalt: This paper examines the mechanisms behind the loss of female talent in academia. It is well known and amply documented that in Europe and elsewhere a significantly larger number of women than men do not reach the higher echelons and leadership positions in academia when compared to the number of entrants into the profession (usually doctoral graduates). Moreover, this situation is generally not improving at a satisfactory rate, although good efforts are undertaken. In a 2012 paper LERU argued that the “leaky pipeline”, as the phenomenon is sometimes called, undermines the quality of research and represents an unacceptable loss for academia, the economy and society. The paper showed what LERU and other universities are and should be doing to address gender imbalances.
Looking at the question of what hampers women’s progression in academic careers, the current paper focuses on the phenomenon of bias. A large body of research points to implicit bias as a significant impediment to women’s advancement in an academic career. Reviewing available evidence, the paper shows how implicit bias plays a role in processes where important career impacting decisions are made, i.e. in academic recruitment, retention and advancement, as well as in the allocation of research funding. The paper sets out possible actions to counter implicit bias. It is targeted at all those responsible for good governance at universities, at research funding organisations at national and European levels, at leaders, policy makers and all other members of the scientific community and society at large.