Inter*sexualisierung - Klitorektomie und das
Konzept der angeborenen Bisexualität
Titelübersetzung:Inter*sexualization - Clitorectomy and the concept of innate bisexuality
Autor/in:
Eckert, Lena
Quelle: GENDER - Zeitschrift für Geschlecht, Kultur und Gesellschaft, 5 (2013) 1, S 24-38
Inhalt: "Der deutsche Ethikrat schreibt 2012 in seiner Stellungnahme zur Inter*sexualität, dass medizinische Maßnahmen bei Inter*sexuellen einen Eingriff in die körperliche Unversehrtheit darstellen. Dennoch wird in den darin enthaltenen Empfehlungen am Ende der 200 Seiten umfassenden Studie keine klare Position zu Klitorektomien bezogen. In meinem Artikel untersuche ich die psycho-medizinischen Diskurse im Feld der Inter*sexualisierung, die seit Freud auf binär kodierten Geschlechtszuordnungspraxen und -theorien beruhen. Hierbei konzentriere ich mich auf die Publikationen des Forschenden-Kollektivs um John Money vom Johns-Hopkins-Universitätsklinikum in Baltimore (USA), die die medizinischen Praxen in Bezug auf Inter*sexualität dominieren. Die spezifische Lesart Moneys von Freuds Theorien zur weiblichen Sexualität beeinflusst bis heute den pathologisierenden Ansatz der Inter*sexualisierung, der als Verletzung der Menschenrechte von Inter*-Personen gesehen werden muss." (Autorenreferat)
Inhalt: "In its 2012 statement on inter*sexuality the German Ethics Council wrote that the medical treatment of inter*sexual people constitutes a violation of bodily integrity. Nevertheless, the recommendations at the end of the 200-page study do not take a clear stance on clitorectomies . In my article I investigate the psycho-medical discourses in the field of inter*sexualization which have been found in binary coded gender-assignment practices and theories since Freud. I focus on publications of the research collective formed by John Money, who has worked at the Johns Hopkins Hospital (Baltimore, USA) since the 1950s. These publications still dominate medical practices concerning inter*sexuality. The very specific readings of Freud's theories on female sexuality which can be found in this context play a key role and influence the pathologizing approach which must be seen as a violation of the human rights of inter*sex individuals." (author's abstract)
Schlagwörter:gender; Menschenrechte; Pathologie; Gender; Bisexualität; pathology; human rights; sexuality; Sexualität; Freud, S.; bisexuality; Freud, S.
SSOAR Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Medizinsoziologie
Inequality in health care utilization in Germany? Theoretical and empirical evidence for specialist consultation
Titelübersetzung:Ungleichheit bei der medizinischen Versorgung in Deutschland? Theoretische und empirische Evidenz für den Facharztbesuch
Autor/in:
Gruber, Stefan; Kiesel, Markus
Quelle: Journal of Public Health, 18 (2010) 4, S 351-365
Inhalt: Aim: In view of increasing concern about a two-class system in the German health care sector, this study investigates the relevance of health insurance schemes and other socioeconomic characteristics to the level of specialist health care provision. Subjects and Methods: Referring to Ronald M. Andersen’s model of health care utilization and more content-based approaches, we implement a negative binomial hurdle regression to estimate the number of specialist visits within the last 12 months. Our data source is the German sample of the first wave of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) in 2004. Results: The results show that men’s number of specialist visits is markedly sensitive to predisposing and enabling factors, whereas women’s health care utilization depends less on such socioeconomic characteristics. With reference to previous findings concerning general practitioner consultation, the assumption of a bipolar health care system providing general practitioner care primarily to the statutory insured and specialist care to the privately insured is supported empirically as to men. Education, which is considered to be highly correlated with health lifestyles, has a positive effect on medical health care. Every additional year of education increases by about 10% the probability of men seeking specialist consultation. Furthermore, the results indicate an unfavorable situation for the self-employed concerning health care because of their specific employment situation and health insurance coverage. Discussion: The research results suggest the existence of relevant differences in the amount of specialist consultation according to health insurance and other socioeconomic features. Further research could concentrate on the question of whether these inequalities in utilization levels indicate overprovision or underprovision of ambulant health care. Moreover, we recommend longitudinal research that is particularly suited to detangle age and cohort effects.
Schlagwörter:theory-practice; Theorie; statistische Analyse; health care delivery system; Facharzt; Gesundheitswesen; compulsory health insurance; Federal Republic of Germany; Theorie-Praxis; private health insurance; private Krankenversicherung; man; gesetzliche Krankenversicherung; inequality; statistical analysis; Lebenserwartung; medical specialist; model; health care; life expectancy; Modell; Gesundheitsversorgung; woman; Mann; theory; Ungleichheit; Specialist consultation; Health care utilization; Health insurance; Supply-induced demand; Hurdle regression
Quelle: Journal of Public Health, 18 (2010) 4, S 403-411
Inhalt: Aim: The first goal of this study was to assess the prevalence of different health risk behaviours among Romanian young people. Next, the interrelationship between different health risk behaviours as well as age and gender differences with respect to health risk behaviours were examined. Subjects and methods: Self-administered questionnaires were completed by a sample of 1,598 junior high school students, senior high school students and university students from urban and rural areas of two counties of Romania. Results: The results showed that 31% of junior high school students, 59.7% of senior high school students and 64.8% of university students reported more than one risk behaviour. Many of the risk behaviours were likely to correlate with each other and the strongest correlation was found between smoking, alcohol-related behaviour and precocious sexual intercourse. Factor analysis revealed that among junior high school students all health risk behaviours loaded on one factor. In senior high school students and university students the risk behaviours split into two factors, based probably on their frequency and severity. Factor 1 comprised smoking, alcohol-related behaviours as well as precocious sexual intercourse, while factor 2 included less common behaviours: violence, delinquency and illicit drug use. No gender differences were observed regarding the relationship between health risk behaviours. Conclusion: The results stress the importance of developing prevention programmes among Romanian youth for the behaviours discussed. Further research is needed to identify how to best offer these programmes: as stand-alone programmes or as an integrated set of programmes and whether the same approach has to be taken for younger and older adolescents.
Schlagwörter:Drogenkonsum; drug use; Gesundheit; female pupil; Student; student; Prävention; tobacco consumption; Sexualverhalten; Tabakkonsum; pupil; prevention; Gesundheitspolitik; Romania; Jugendlicher; sex behavior; alcohol consumption; Schülerin; Rumänien; Risikoverhalten; Schüler; health policy; Gesundheitsverhalten; gender; adolescent; health education; Alkoholkonsum; Gesundheitserziehung; risk behavior; health behavior; health; Health risk behaviours; Romanian adolescents; Health education
SSOAR Kategorie:Bildungswesen Sekundarstufe I, Medizinsoziologie, Gesundheitspolitik, Bildungswesen Sekundarstufe II
Quelle: Journal of Public Health, 19 (2010) 3, S 269-280
Inhalt: Aim: The aim of this study was to analyse the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of primary family caregivers in comparison to the reference values of the average population. Subjects and methods: Data collection took place in the Werra-Meißner district in 2009 with a response rate of 102 primary family caregivers of frail elderly people. The health-related quality of life was measured with the Short Form 36 health survey (SF 36) and compared with the German reference values. Results: Compared to the health values of the normative sample, primary caregivers show significantly lower rates in all dimensions of health-related quality of life. In particular, caregivers between the ages of 53 to 61 report extremely low health values. Caregiving women compared to non-caregiving women have highly significant differences in all subscales of the SF 36. Caregiving men also report highly significant differences to non-caregiving men in all dimensions of the SF 36 except for Physical Functioning and General Health (p < 0.01). Caregivers in general and especially caregiving women aged 53 to 61 (midlife) were identified as at-risk groups for poor health. The latter report lower vitality and well-being, which may be a consequence of both social isolation and social impacts from multiple role demands. Conclusion: The identified high-risk groups of family caregivers, caregivers in midlife and especially caregiving women in midlife, should be supported by social measures, e.g., training courses for family caregivers, particularly in their home setting, and various types of respite care in order to sustain their health.
Schlagwörter:psychische Belastung; Gesundheit; alter Mensch; family member; Lebensqualität; Hessen; risk; health consequences; Federal Republic of Germany; häusliche Pflege; nursing care for the elderly; psychological stress; quality of life; Auswirkung; Risiko; home care; Krankheit; Altenpflege; Hesse; impact; elderly; gesundheitliche Folgen; gender-specific factors; health; Familienangehöriger; illness; family caregiver; health-related quality of life; SF 36; gender differences
"Hoffnungslos durchseucht": zur diskursiven
Infektiosität des Humanen Papilloma Virus in den
deutschen Medien, 2006–2009
Titelübersetzung:"Hopelessly infested": the discursive infectivity of the Human Papillomavirus in German media, 2006-2009
Autor/in:
Sabisch, Katja
Quelle: GENDER - Zeitschrift für Geschlecht, Kultur und Gesellschaft, 1 (2009) 1, S 107-124
Inhalt: "Die Kritische Diskursanalyse der aktuellen Debatte über die Impfung gegen Humane Papilloma Viren (HPV) zeigt, dass die als 'Impfung gegen Krebs' betitelte Kampagne von einer Medikalisierung und Pathogenisierung des weiblichen Körpers flankiert wird. Aus medizin- und geschlechtersoziologischer Perspektive ist festzustellen, dass die Neu-Konfiguration der Krankheit Krebs als Infektionskrankheit mit einer Neu-Konfiguration des Mädchenkörpers als behandlungsbedürftig und ansteckend einhergeht." (Autorenreferat)
Inhalt: "A critical discourse analysis of the current HPV debate in Germany shows that the major campaign 'vaccination against cancer' goes hand in hand with the medicalization and pathogenization of the female body. From a sociological perspective, the recent confi guration of cancer as a viral infectious disease cooperates with the confi guration of girls' bodies as sick and contagious." (author's abstract)
A 'little world of your own': stigma, gender and narratives of venereal disease contact tracing
Autor/in:
Kampf, Antje
Quelle: Health, 12 (2008) 2, S 233-250
Inhalt: As in other countries, in order to protect the public from venereal disease (syphilis and gonorrhoea), contact tracing in New Zealand has been a public health strategy since the mid-20th century. So far, scholars have predominantly focused on the aspect of control of the cases traced. Based on a rare interview with a female contact tracer, together with a range of archival material, this article aims to expand the scholarship by focusing on the tracer instead of the patient. Using Erving Goffman's original concept of 'courtesy stigma', the article will show that his idea can be nuanced to take into account contact tracers and the ways in which this stigma can be refracted through gender. Working as a tracer had a distinct impact on her life and possibly even her marital status, which were compromised by secrecy, stigma, morality and the demands of public health policies — aspects that were, paradoxically, quite similar to those she traced. The courtesy stigma that contact tracers for venereal disease acquired limited their professional options, as well as isolated them in the non-stigmatized social world.
Schlagwörter:Stigma; gender; stigma; Gender; contact tracing; New Zealand; venereal disease
Beruflicher Verbleib und Studienzufriedenheit von Berliner Public Health-Absolventinnen und -Absolventen mit sozialwissenschaftlicher Erstqualifikation
Titelübersetzung:Occupational whereabouts and study satisfaction of Berlin public health graduates with a first qualification in social science
Autor/in:
Rattay, Petra; Jager, Doreen
Quelle: Sozialwissenschaften und Berufspraxis, 28 (2005) 1, S 67-79
Inhalt: Der Postgraduierten-Studiengang Public Health/Gesundheitswissenschaften existiert an der Technischen Universität Berlin seit 1992 und wurde nach Abschluss der Modellversuchsphase 1996 in das reguläre Studienangebot übernommen. Der Studiengang soll künftig in stärkerem Maße medizinisch und naturwissenschaftlich ausgerichtet sein. Inwieweit die bisherige multidisziplinäre Zusammensetzung der Studierenden aufrecht erhalten bleibt oder auch bei der Zulassung eine stärkere Einschränkung auf medizinisch und naturwissenschaftlich qualifizierte Bewerber/innen erfolgt, ist noch ungeklärt. Vor diesem Hintergrund liefert die vorliegende Studie zur Studienzufriedenheit und zum beruflichen Verbleib der Public Health-AbsolventInnen an der TU Berlin Ergebnisse, dies insbesondere mit Blick auf die AbsolventInnen mit sozialwissenschaftlicher Erstqualifikation. Zusammenfassend lässt sich festhalten, dass der Großteil der AbsolventInnen mit dem Studium zufrieden ist und sich beruflich verbessern konnte. Auch hat sich die Berufssituation insbesondere für die Gruppe der SozialwissenschaftlerInnen in den letzten zehn fahren deutlich gewandelt. Den SozialwissenschaftlerInnen ist es gelungen, auf dem Arbeitsmarkt und in den Institutionen des Gesundheitswesens zu überzeugen und sich durchzusetzen. (ICA2)
Schlagwörter:sociology; Berufsverlauf; medizinische Versorgung; satisfaction; Zufriedenheit; job history; Public Health; Federal Republic of Germany; Soziologie; Absolvent; labor market; Arbeitsmarkt; studies (academic); Berlin; medical care; public health; social science; Studium; Sozialwissenschaft; Karriere; gender-specific factors; career; Berlin; graduate
SSOAR Kategorie:Bildungs- und Erziehungssoziologie, Berufsforschung, Berufssoziologie, Medizinsoziologie