A Qualitative Study on University Students’ Perceptions Regarding Sexual Violence Perpetrated by Women Against Men
Autor/in:
Oliveira, Leonor de; Carmo, Eunice; Cardoso, Daniel; Brazão, Nélio; Viegas, Mária; Vespasiano, Rita; Carvalho, Joana
Quelle: Sex Res Soc Policy (Sexuality Research and Social Policy), 21 (2024) 1, S 446–464
Details
Inhalt: Sexual violence (SV) perpetrated by women against men is socially dismissed and underrepresented in research. The aim of the current study was to explore the perspectives of university students (women and men) on women-perpetrated SV against men. A total of 19 undergraduate students were presented with a vignette describing a hypothetical situation of SV and interviewed. A thematic analysis was performed, identifying four main themes: characters’ Features, sexual initiation Strategies, Consequences, and Motivations and Contexts. Participants endorsed gender stereotypes and victim-blaming narratives, but also challenged gender stereotypes and rape myths. Participants could identify violent sexual initiation strategies, could anticipate potential consequences of the abuse, and were able to imagine potential motivational and contextual factors that facilitated the abuse. These results highlight the importance of providing adequate information regarding women-perpetrated SV and can inform preventative approaches targeting social norms that perpetuate the invisibility of this phenomenon. Recommendations for future research are discussed. Public policies that facilitate the training of professionals who contact with victims may help overcome the influence of rape myths that hinder appropriate intervention. Similarly, policies that support the prevention of SV in university contexts may contribute to translate the results from research into practice.
Schlagwörter:context; gender stereotype; myth; perception; perpetrator; Policy; public administration; rape prevention; sexual assault; student; university; USA; victim blaming; Vignettenstudie; violence
CEWS Kategorie:Sexuelle Belästigung und Gewalt
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Sex differences in scientific productivity and impact are largely explained by the proportion of highly productive individuals: a whole-population study of researchers across six disciplines in Sweden
Autor/in:
Madison, Guy; Sundell, Knut
Quelle: Studies in Higher Education, 49 (2024) 1, S 119–140
Details
Inhalt: Sex differences in human performance have been documented across a wide array of human endeavours. Males tend to exhibit higher performance in intellectually demanding and competitive domains, and this difference tends to be more pronounced the higher the level of performance. Here, we analyse publishing performance for the whole population of associate and full professors in relatively sex-balanced disciplines, namely Education, Nursing and Caring Science, Psychology, Public Health, Sociology, and Social Work, comprising 426 women and 562 men. We find that sex differences in the number of publications, citations, and citations per publication were small across low and medium levels of productivity, but become more pronounced the higher the level of performance. In the top performing 10% the female proportion decreases from the average 43.2% to 26% (25 F, 71 M), which further decreases to 15% in the top 5%. The results are discussed with respect to the greater male variability hypothesis, sex differences in psychological traits, and environmental factors such as sex discrimination.
Schlagwörter:Bibliometrie; gender bias; meritocracy; productivity; publication gap; sex difference
CEWS Kategorie:Wissenschaft als Beruf, Geschlechterverhältnis
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Simply academic or damaging. What are the implications of academic stereotypes for women?
Autor/in:
Richards, Joanna
Quelle: Gender & Education, 36 (2024) 1, S 104–118
Details
Inhalt: Since the public intellectuals of the 1960s, there has been a shift towards the celebrity academic, as subjects such as history and science have transferred into popular television entertainment, often with female academics as the presenters. Using a case study of the British media, a post-feminist lens has been applied to examine how 17 celebrity academics have been represented. The use of gendered academic stereotypes such as the blue stocking, the school ma’am, the eccentric academic and the thinking man's crumpet were in evidence, alongside the male academic stereotypes of the hegemonic academic male, the nerd and the complicit male. With increasing numbers of women participating in the education workforce, one might expect gendered stereotypes to have become more positive. This research indicates that academic stereotypes should be added to the list of gendered stereotypes that need to be addressed as part of the work towards gender equality.
Schlagwörter:academic; gender inequality; gender stereotype; media; scientist; stereotype; UK; Wissenschaftler*in; Wissenschaftskommunikation
CEWS Kategorie:Geschlechterverhältnis
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Geschlechterspezifische Daten zur Besetzung von Hochschulräten und ähnlichen Gremien, 2022 : Datenreport
Autor/in:
Löther, Andrea
Quelle: GESIS - Leibniz-Institut für Sozialwissenschaften; Köln (cews.publik, 30), 2023.
Details
Inhalt: Um die geschlechtergerechte Teilhabe an Entscheidungsgremien von Hochschulen zu erfassen, ist ein kontinuierliches Monitoring notwendig. Für Hochschulräte und ähnliches Gremien stellt die jährliche Datenzusammenstellung des CEWS (Kompetenzzentrum Frauen in Wissenschaft und Forschung), die seit 2003 zunächst mit einer Erhebung des CEWS und seit 2016 mit Daten des Statistischen Bundesamt erscheint, dieses Monitoring zur Verfügung.
2022 erreichte die Teilhabe von Frauen an den Hochschulräten mit 39 Prozent einen Spitzenwert seit Erhebung dieser Daten. Der Bericht präsentiert aktuelle Daten des Statistischen Bundesamtes differenziert nach Bundesländern, Hochschultyp und Trägerschaft sowie im Zeitverlauf seit 2003.
Schlagwörter:Geschlecht; Geschlechterverhältnis; Gleichstellung; Gremien; Hochschule; Hochschulrat; Statistik
CEWS Kategorie:Statistik und statistische Daten, Hochschulen, Geschlechterverhältnis
Dokumenttyp:Graue Literatur, Bericht
Hochschulranking nach Gleichstellungsaspekten 2023
Autor/in:
Löther, Andrea
Quelle: GESIS - Leibniz-Institut für Sozialwissenschaften; Köln (cews.publik, 28), 2023.
Details
Inhalt: Mit dem Hochschulranking nach Gleichstellungsaspekten 2023 liegt die zehnte Ausgabe dieses etablierten und langjährigen Instruments zur Qualitätssicherung für Gleichstellung an Hochschulen vor. Das Ranking beruht auf einem mehrdimensionalen Indikatorenmodell und berücksichtigt über das Kaskadenmodell die Fächerprofile der Hochschulen. Verwendet wurden Daten der amtlichen Hochschulstatistik für das Jahr 2021. Zusätzlich zu dem Hochschulranking beinhaltet die Veröffentlichung ein Ranking der Bundesländer, das auf ähnlichen Indikatoren beruht. Die Veröffentlichung wendet sich an alle, die in Hochschulen und Politik an der Qualität und dem Innovationspotenzial unserer Hochschulen interessiert sind.
Schlagwörter:Geschlecht; Geschlechterverhältnis; Gleichstellung; Hochschule; ranking; Statistik
CEWS Kategorie:Statistik und statistische Daten, Hochschulen, Geschlechterverhältnis
Dokumenttyp:Graue Literatur, Bericht
Steps towards the Integration of the Gender and Sex Dimension in R&I: The Case of a Public University
Autor/in:
Jordão, Carina; Diogo, Sara
Quelle: Education Sciences, 13 (2023) 1, 35 S
Details
Inhalt: Gender equality has been placed at the centre of European research policy recently. The inclusion of gender and sex considerations into research and innovation (R&I) is an essential factor for scientific excellence and a key requirement for producing knowledge that can benefit society as a whole. However, the adoption of a gender/sex dimension is still a problematic issue in several Research Performance Organisations (RPOs) of European Union (EU) countries. Through the experience of implementing a gender equality plan (GEP) within the scope of a Horizon 2020 (H2020) project at a public Portuguese university (PPU), this study aims to explore the EU policies’ impact on the integration of the gender dimension in research, considering both institutional policies and scientific outputs. To achieve the purpose of the study, a mixed approach that combines a qualitative analysis of institutional documents and data collected through interviews with a quantitative analysis of secondary data is used. The implementation of the H2020 project brought the issue of gender inequality to the institutional agenda of the PPU under study and the formalisation of the GEP marked a transition point towards an integrated and intersectional approach that embraces gender dimension concerns in R&I. This transition coincided with a period characterised by an increase in the scientific outputs incorporating the ‘gender/sex dimension’, which may highlight the importance of European policies in stimulating and accelerating the introduction of the gender dimension in scientific practices in RPOs.
Schlagwörter:bibliometric analysis; gender equality plan; Gender in research; Horizon 2020 project; Portugal; research; research performing organisation; transformative change
CEWS Kategorie:Gleichstellungspolitik
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
The cost of ‘care’ in neoliberal academia during the COVID-19 pandemic: Women academics, teaching and emotional labour
Autor/in:
França, Thais; Vicente, Mara; Godinho, Filipa; Padilla, Beatriz; Amâncio, Lígia; Alexandre, Ana Fernandes
Quelle: European Journal of Women's Studies, (2023)
Details
Inhalt: The literature shows that throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, in the different regions of the world (Europe, Africa, Asia, North America and Latin America), women academics submitted fewer articles and grant proposals than their peers who are men because, in addition to the increased burden of domestic work, they devoted more time to teaching activities and to the demands of students, than to their research activities. However, little is known about what drives the high level of commitment by women academics to their tutoring and pastoral care duties. This article looks at how women embodied their teaching tasks throughout the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic and the ‘emotional labour’ that this required of them. Findings from the analysis of 17 in-depth interviews conducted with women scholars in Portugal point to the complexity and contradictions in the ‘emotional labour’ carried out by women teachers during the COVID-19 pandemic and provide evidence of overlaps with the practice of ‘care’.
Schlagwörter:academic; academic housework; Care; COVID-19; domestic labour; emotional labor; gender differences; grant application; neoliberal university; Portugal; publication gap; teaching; Wissenschaftlerin
CEWS Kategorie:Wissenschaft als Beruf, Geschlechterverhältnis
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Handbook for Creating a GenderSensitive Curriculum Teaching and Learning Strategies
Autor/in:
Kitchener, Mary; Humbert, Anne Laure
Quelle: Zenodo, 2023.
Details
Inhalt: This handbook has been a joint publication between the Centre for Diversity Policy Research and Practice and the Oxford Centre for Academic Enhancement and Development (Oxford CAED). Led by Dr Mary Kitchener and overseen by Professor Jackie Potter and Professor Anne Laure Humbert. The project has been supported and guided by Dr Kate Clayton-Hathway, Dr Heather Griffiths, Irmgard Huppe, Dr Liz Lovegrove, Cathy Malone, Dr Sue Moron Garcia, Dr Jane Pritchard, Kat Kwok, and Mieke Tyrrell. The project team would like to gratefully thank Chloe Meek, MA in Publishing student at Oxford Brookes for editing the handbook, as well as Milica Antić Gaber, Jasna Podreka, Tjaša Cankar and Živa Kos at the University of Ljubljana, and Zeynep Gülru Göker, İlayda Ece Ova and Ayşe Gül Altınay at Sabancı University for reviewing it.
This handbook has been developed as part of the GEARING-Roles project (https://gearingroles.eu/), funded by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation program under Grant Agreement n° 824536. GEARING-Roles stands for Gender Equality Actions in Research Institutions to traNsform Gender Roles and consists of a multidisciplinary consortium of 10 European academic and non-academic partners that work together to design, implement, and evaluate six Gender Equality Plans (GEPs) following the steps described in the GEAR tool (define, plan, act and check). Overall, the GEARING-Roles project challenges and transforms gender roles and identities linked to professional careers and works towards real institutional change.
Schlagwörter:Curriculum; gender sensitivity; guidelines; handbooks, manuals, etc; learning; teaching
CEWS Kategorie:Bildung und Erziehung, Europa und Internationales
Dokumenttyp:Monographie
Max Planck PostdocNet Survey Report 2022
Autor/in:
Russell, Nicolas J.; Schaare, H. Lina; Bellón Lara, Bárbara; Dang, Yiteng; Feldmeier-Krause, Anja; Meemken, Marie-Theres; Oliveira-Lopes, Felipe Nathan de; Russell, Nicholas J.; Schaare, Herma Lina; Oliveira-Lopes, Felipe Nathan
Quelle: (:unas), 2023.
Details
Inhalt: From July to October of 2022, the MPG PostdocNet conducted their most extensive survey of postdocs at the Max Planck Society to date. We surveyed over 650 postdocs from more than 50 Max Planck Institutes throughout Germany and abroad, gaining information regarding a variety of topics in their work and personal lives.
What were the goals of the 2022 survey?
In 2019, the first PostdocNet Survey was constructed and performed, mainly focusing on the MPG postdoc demographics and working conditions. This survey was a very valuable resource for the PostdocNet Steering Group, allowing them to successfully advocate for changes in contract situations for many postdocs over the last years.
The goal of the 2022 survey was to understand the professional and personal life of a postdoc at the Max Planck Society and in Germany. We asked over 120 questions in this survey from five main categories: demographics, working conditions, career development, personal and professional well-being, and the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic. Overall, there were several main questions that we wanted to address:
What are the demographics of the MPG postdocs? How are they characterized in terms of demographic information and academic trajectories?
How many postdocs are on contracts, fellowships, and stipends? Are postdocs well-informed about their employment situation?
What are the career aspirations of MPG postdocs and do they receive adequate opportunities to prepare for career steps following the postdoctoral phase?
What is the state of personal and professional well-being of the MPG postdocs? How satisfied are they with the different aspects of their lives and should we be concerned about their mental health? What burdens them in their private life and at work?
How did COVID-19 affect the MPG postdocs? How have their careers been affected and are they well-supported by their mentors, institutes, and the MPG as a whole?
We work with the HR Development and Opportunities Department of the MPG to review these findings and find clear, actionable ways to make the lives of postdocs better and more equitable.
How do you define a “postdoc?”
For the purposes of this survey, an MPG postdoc is defined as any person who has been awarded a doctoral degree and is currently undertaking scientific research within the MPG by means of a time-limited contractual relationship from either internal or external funding. For the purposes of the PostdocNet, we also require that these researchers have not yet established a significant level of independence.
How should you read the report?
The first section begins with recommendations of actions that the MPG and German Academia as a whole should take to improve the working conditions and lives of the postdoctoral community. At the beginning of each of the five main sections of the report (demographics, working conditions, career development, personal and professional well-being, and the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic), we present five key findings that the PostdocNet felt were important to highlight. Throughout the text, we also highlight findings that are different from other surveys, such as the recent survey completed by the Leibniz PostDoc Association.
As well, we note that the MPG is a single academic organization within Germany and academia. These statistics are solely from MPG postdocs, which may or may not align with other experiences in academic institutions inside or outside of Germany.
How should you not read the report?
We would like to emphasize that the key findings in each section are meant as a guide to the data. Context is always crucially important. We implore the readers to not just take these findings at face value, and we strongly advise reading the report to understand where the data came from and how to contextualize it.
Lastly, the views and opinions expressed in this report are those of the authors and the MPG PostdocNet. They do not necessarily reflect the views and positions of the Max Planck Society or any of the Max Planck Institutes.
What are some key findings in the report?
While there are many key findings and recommendations in this survey, we highlight some of the most important points:
The Max Planck Society postdocs are incredibly diverse, particularly when it comes to nationality and gender (47% women, 49% men, 0.4% other gender identities). Approximately 75% of MPG postdocs come from outside of Germany, with 50% of MPG postdocs coming from outside of the EU/EEA.
What this means: The MPG postdocs come from all over the world, and the internationality of the MPG is an asset for making an extremely unique workplace and fostering collaborations around the world. However, many postdocs will require assistance with the German language, as many come from non-German speaking countries. Many documents at the MPG are already in both German and English, but not every institute can offer international offices to assist with the immigration process and other bureaucratic processes which can be a stressful time for many postdocs. As well, all postdocs generally are well socially connected, but gaining new friends and being away from family can be difficult, too.
In terms of the Wissenschaftszeitvertragsgesetz (WissZeitVG), 10% of postdocs have been a postdoc for over 5 years and 25% of postdocs have been postdocs at the MPG for 3 years or more, which gives an indication how many postdocs would be impacted by further limiting the postdoc phase which had been recently proposed. We also find that most postdocs aspire to work in academia as a group leader or staff scientist (76%), but many still would like to work in either industry (60%) or the public sector (51%).
What this means: Many postdocs want to continue working in academia, irrespective of the limited number of permanent positions for academic staff. The MPG has several career development programs such as the Planck Academy which offers courses and training for academic and non-academic jobs. As well, the Postdoc Guidelines give a framework for career development and mentoring at a more individual level. However, we find that a lack of knowledge about the Planck Academy’s courses and a lack of accountability on an institutional level to the Postdoc Guidelines mean that people are not getting access to the career development opportunities that exist.
We find that most postdocs report to be at least moderately happy (83%) and say that they live meaningful and purposeful lives (80%). However, about 55% of postdocs report at least mild depressive symptoms and 48% have at least mild anxiety. More than 1 in 5 postdocs show signs of moderate to severe clinical depression, which is almost three times higher than the general German population of the same age.
What this means: This may seem contradictory at face value, but postdocs are genuinely passionate about their work and love what they do. At the same time, they struggle with the precarious conditions that come along with an academic career. Many postdocs recommend doing a postdoc at the MPG or their institute, but many struggle with the stress of work, especially if they also have caring responsibilities. The MPG does have programs such as EMAP to get MPG employees and their families access to counseling in either German or English. While we do not know how many postdocs know about this program (in future surveys we will ask this), we strongly advise better advertising of the EMAP. COVID-19 restrictions could have also influenced this data (questions were asked between July-October 2022), but overall, this data is consistent with other studies of postdoctoral/PhD mental well-being prior to COVID-19.
Approximately 27% of all postdocs are parents, and almost 40% of German postdocs are parents. We observe that female postdocs with caring responsibilities stand out from other subgroup analyses. We find that mothers are most unhappy, depressed, anxious, stressed by care work and their work as postdocs. They report more personal conflicts (e.g., with their partner) and are most socially isolated.
What this means: It is well-known that postdocs delay starting a family due to their career aspirations, and when postdocs move across the world for their careers (e.g. in this survey 40% of German postdocs are parents whereas only 18% of Asian postdocs are parents). The MPG offers programs such as the pme Familienservice for childcare and other types of family support, in addition to measures at the institute's level. But crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic revealed that proper measures both from the governmental and institutional levels must be allocated to ensure equal opportunities for scientists who provide care work (e.g. by flexible work schedules, contract extensions, and additional funding). As well, paternal and maternal leave are guaranteed for MPG contract holders, but fellowship and stipend holders may not have these benefits. The COVID-19 pandemic may also have played a factor in these results, as increased caring responsibilities and less time for work could contribute to this stress. Overall, this is a very complex issue with many different factors at play and we will try to disentangle this in future surveys.
A substantial number of postdocs have experienced at least one form of antisocial behavior at work (e.g., bullying, discrimination or harassment) with major consequences for their mental well-being. They report that nationality, gender identity, parenthood, and ethnicity are the most frequent reasons for antisocial behavior directed at them.
What this means: In competitive environments such as academia, it is not uncommon, but nevertheless inexcusable, that these antisocial behaviors exist. This survey did not address the harassment/conflict reporting structures at the MPG. The MPG has a robust conflict management program with many different departments and ways to contact.
While we did not acquire data on reporting of antisocial behavior, from
Schlagwörter:Arbeitsbedingungen; career development; COVID-19; discrimination; Elternschaft; Gender; harassment; Max-Planck-Gesellschaft; Nationalität; parenthood; Post-doc; survey; well-being; wissenschaftliche Karriere; working condition
CEWS Kategorie:Wissenschaft als Beruf
Dokumenttyp:Graue Literatur, Bericht
Exploring Gender Bias in Six Key Domains of Academic Science: An Adversarial Collaboration
Autor/in:
Ceci, Stephen J.; Kahn, Shulamit; Williams, Wendy M.
Quelle: Psychological science in the public interest : a journal of the American Psychological Society, (2023)
Details
Inhalt: We synthesized the vast, contradictory scholarly literature on gender bias in academic science from 2000 to 2020. In the most prestigious journals and media outlets, which influence many people's opinions about sexism, bias is frequently portrayed as an omnipresent factor limiting women's progress in the tenure-track academy. Claims and counterclaims regarding the presence or absence of sexism span a range of evaluation contexts. Our approach relied on a combination of meta-analysis and analytic dissection. We evaluated the empirical evidence for gender bias in six key contexts in the tenure-track academy: (a) tenure-track hiring, (b) grant funding, (c) teaching ratings, (d) journal acceptances, (e) salaries, and (f) recommendation letters. We also explored the gender gap in a seventh area, journal productivity, because it can moderate bias in other contexts. We focused on these specific domains, in which sexism has most often been alleged to be pervasive, because they represent important types of evaluation, and the extensive research corpus within these domains provides sufficient quantitative data for comprehensive analysis.
Contrary to the omnipresent claims of sexism in these domains appearing in top journals and the media, our findings show that tenure-track women are at parity with tenure-track men in three domains (grant funding, journal acceptances, and recommendation letters) and are advantaged over men in a fourth domain (hiring). For teaching ratings and salaries, we found evidence of bias against women; although gender gaps in salary were much smaller than often claimed, they were nevertheless concerning. Even in the four domains in which we failed to find evidence of sexism disadvantaging women, we nevertheless acknowledge that broad societal structural factors may still impede women's advancement in academic science. Given the substantial resources directed toward reducing gender bias in academic science, it is imperative to develop a clear understanding of when and where such efforts are justified and of how resources can best be directed to mitigate sexism when and where it exists.
Schlagwörter:collaboration; gender bias; gender pay gap; grant application; Hiring Decision; Pay gap; publication pattern; recruitment; Rekrutierung; STEM; teaching evaluation; Tenure Track; Unterrepräsentanz
CEWS Kategorie:Geschlechterverhältnis
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Vom Alleinautor zum gemischten Doppel? Geschlecht, Status und Sichtbarkeit in der Publikationspraxis führender deutscher Soziologiezeitschriften
Autor/in:
Trappe, Heike; Milewski, Nadja
Quelle: Zeitschrift für Soziologie, (2023) 0
Details
Schlagwörter:Fachzeitschriften; gender publication gap; Publikationsverhalten; Sozialwissenschaft; Soziologie
CEWS Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Wissenschaft als Beruf
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
COVID-19 impact on gender equality in research & innovation - Policy Report
Autor/in:
European Commission - Directorate-General for Research and Innovation
Quelle: Publications Office of the European Union; Brussels, 2023.
Details
Inhalt: Ziel des EU-Berichts ist es, Handlungsempfehlungen zu entwerfen, wie einzelne Nationalstaaten die Folgen der Pandemie auf die Wissenschaft besser ausgleichen können und wie man bestehende europäische Forschungsprogramme wie Horizon Europe oder ERC-Förderungen anpassen kann. Die Arbeitsgruppe um Juniorprofessor Dr. Marc Lerchenmüller befasste sich schwerpunktmäßig mit Frauen in der frühen Karrierestufe. Der an der Universität Mannheim tätige Ökonom ist der einzige in Deutschland angesiedelte Autor des Policy Reports.
Eine zentrale Empfehlung seiner Arbeitsgruppe ist es, langfristige Datenerhebungen in den einzelnen EU-Staaten durchzuführen, um die Situation der jungen Wissenschaftlerinnen nach der Pandemie zu erfassen – ein sogenanntes Monitoring. Erst auf Basis solcher Daten sei es möglich, ihre Lage besser einzuschätzen und funktionierende Förderprogramme ins Leben zu rufen. „Die Konsequenzen aus zwei Jahren Pandemie sind nicht nach den zwei Jahren aus der Welt“, begründet Lerchenmüller.
Bestehende Förderprogramme, die im Zuge der Pandemie für Nachwuchsforschende entstanden sind, sollten zudem überarbeitet werden. „Gleichbehandlung bedeutet nicht Chancengerechtigkeit“, stellt der Mannheimer Ökonom fest. Junge Wissenschaftlerinnen mit kleinen Kindern hätten schließlich die meiste Arbeitszeit während der Pandemie eingebüßt – das zeigen die bisherigen Daten deutlich. „Wenn man diese Unterschiede mit geschlechtsneutralen Interventionen auszutarieren versucht, wird es ungerecht“, sagt Lerchenmüller.
Ähnlich unterschiedlich gestalten sich die Publikationsleistungen von Frauen und Männern. Vor Corona waren beispielsweise beide Geschlechter fast gleich häufig Erstautorinnen und -autoren von Studien in Covid-relevanten Bereichen wie Immunologie oder Virologie. Dann ging die Schere auseinander: Männliche Wissenschaftler publizierten weitaus häufiger als ihre weiblichen Kolleginnen. Und weil Karriere in der Wissenschaft eng mit Publikationserfolgen verknüpft ist, kann das langfristig bedeuten, dass der Anteil der männlichen Wissenschaftler in Führungspositionen an Universitäten und Forschungsinstituten steigt. Der Vorschlag der Arbeitsgruppe lautet daher, die Erfolgsbilanz von jungen Forschenden mit Kindern anders zu bewerten als Gruppen, die unter Corona weniger gelitten haben – wie zum Beispiel alleinstehende Frauen oder Männer ohne Kinder oder pflegebedürftige Angehörigen.
Jenseits der Konsequenzen für individuelle Karrieren, stellen diese Daten auch in Frage, ob die Gesellschaft die beste Antwort auf die Pandemie hat geben können, wenn Wissenschaftlerinnen strukturell bedingt weniger beitragen konnten und Gehör fanden als man hätte erwarten dürfen.
Schlagwörter:Care; care responsibility; Chancengerechtigkeit; COVID-19; disability; early career researcher; ethnic minority; gender based violence; gender equality; Geschlechtergerechtigkeit; intersectional; intersektionale Perspektive; LGBTQ+; mobility; networks; Pflege; publication gap; Publikation; Vereinbarkeit Beruf-Familie; Wissenschaftler*in; Wissenschaftlerin
CEWS Kategorie:Vereinbarkeit Familie-Beruf, Wissenschaft als Beruf, Geschlechterverhältnis, Gleichstellungspolitik
Dokumenttyp:Graue Literatur, Bericht
Salary transparency and gender pay inequality: Evidence from Canadian universities
Autor/in:
Lyons, Elizabeth; Zhang, Laurina
Quelle: Strategic Management Journal, (2023)
Details
Inhalt: We examine whether salary transparency influences gender pays inequality in the context of Canadian universities by exploiting a policy change enacted in one Canadian province that required salary disclosure through a publicly searchable database, thus lowering the cost of monitoring the gender pay gap.
We find that, on average, salary disclosure improves gender pay equality but institutions respond in different ways. Despite little media attention around gender equality at the time of the policy, institutions most likely to anticipate higher scrutiny, such as top ranked institutions, respond more aggressively to improve gender pay equality-both in terms of the magnitude and type of response. Combined, our findings suggest that the extent of change from salary transparency depends on the reduction in monitoring costs and organizational characteristics.Managerial Abstract: Salary transparency has been implemented in various ways around the world as a strategy by firms and policy makers to reduce the gender pay gap. However, whether and how it can achieve this in practice is unclear. We examine a salary transparency policy that mandated disclosure to the public through an online database in one Canadian province by comparing the change in gender pay inequality in that province relative to the change in the gender pay gap in provinces without disclosure. We find that salary transparency improves average gender pay equality primarily within the most visible organizations that likely anticipate high levels of public scrutiny. Our findings imply that facilitating low-cost public monitoring of gender inequalities can motivate organizations to enact change.
Schlagwörter:Canada; gender pay gap; Monitoring; policy analysis; wage gap; Wirkungsanalyse
CEWS Kategorie:Arbeitswelt und Arbeitsmarkt, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Geschlechterverhältnis
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
The German transgender self-determination law: explanatory factors for support within the population
Autor/in:
Wurthmann, L. Constantin
Quelle: European Journal of Politics and Gender, 1 (2023) aop, S 1–5
Details
Inhalt: Transgender people in Germany have been discriminated against for decades. The introduction of the so-called ‘Transsexuellen-Gesetz’ (Transsexuals Act) in 1980 allowed transgender individuals to align their first names with their gender identity. However, lengthy expert hearings were necessary for this and transgender individuals were not allowed to marry or, in case they were already married, had to file for divorce; they also had to be incapable of procreation or had to be sterilised, and had to undergo operations to adjust their body image. Some of these conditions for the official change of gender entry have since been overturned by judicial rulings, though there has been no amendment to date. The current federal government made up of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD), Alliance 90/The Greens (Greens) and the Free Democratic Party (FDP) has sought to change this through a new self-determination law that will enable transgender individuals to change their gender record by way of self-disclosure at registry offices (Bundesministeriums für Familie, Senioren, Frauen und Jugend (BMFSFJ), 2022; Lesben- und Schwulenverband, 2022).
This contribution aims to explain how this law is perceived by the population and which factors have an influence on its perception. The explanatory factors are based on the existing literature, according to which conservatively oriented or politically right-wing individuals take a negative stance towards trans* individuals (Prusaczyk and Hodson, 2020). Moreover, findings suggest that conventional gender-conforming attitudes lead to the rejection of trans* candidates for public office (Haider-Markel et al, 2017). One might similarly expect opposition towards a liberalisation of transgender laws. Therefore, attitudes in favour of either a modern or a traditional family image are included in the analysis. Furthermore, homophobic and transphobic attitudes are closely related (Nagoshi et al, 2008), which is why support for marriage reserved to heterosexual couples only is also used as an explanatory variable.
Schlagwörter:attitude; Deutsch; Einstellung; Germany; legislation; policy making; trans rights
CEWS Kategorie:Diversity
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Benchmarking analysis of monitoring/evaluation of GEPs - Deliverable 6.1
Autor/in:
Knapińska, Anna; Chrobak-Tatar, Magdalena
Quelle: GENDERACTIONplus; , 2023.
Details
Inhalt: The fourth benchmarking analysis conducted by GENDERACTOINplus depicts the current landscape for GEP requirements in R&I at national/regional level. It provides an overview of the overall policy framework on GEP requirements concerning ERA stakeholders and presents relevant policy developments, mainly targeting national authorities.
The results of the survey conducted among 15 national authorities indicate that in the majority of the countries/regions assessed, GEPs are obligatory, primarily for public sector entities. The presence or absence of national requirements for GEPs underscores the ongoing disparity between Member States (MS) that joined the EU before and after 2004. For Member States that joined after 2004, Research Funding Organizations can play a significant role in establishing favorable conditions for the development of GEPs.
Furthermore, the Horizon Europe GEP eligibility criterion has been demonstrated to have made noticeable impact on the national gender equality activities in R&I. It is substantiated by the increase in approved GEPs in R&I institutions, the organisation of workshops and trainings on GEPs, dedication of resources for gender equality work and an increase in requests addressed to the National Contact Points (e.g., queries in relation to GEP elaboration or EC requirements).
Schlagwörter:Benchmarking; gender equality plan; Horizon Europe; international comparison; law; policy analysis
CEWS Kategorie:Gleichstellungspolitik
Dokumenttyp:Graue Literatur, Bericht
Sexism in academia is bad for science and a waste of public funding
Autor/in:
Boivin, Nicole; Täuber, Susanne; Beisiegel, Ulrike; Keller, Ursula; Hering, Janet G.
Quelle: Nat Rev Mater (Nature Reviews Materials), (2023)
Details
Inhalt: Higher education and research institutions are critical to the well-being and success of societies, meaning their financial support is strongly in the public interest. At the same time, value-for-money principles demand that such investment delivers. Unfortunately, these principles are currently violated by one of the biggest sources of public funding inefficiency: sexism.
Schlagwörter:academia; career; gender inequality; hostility; leaky pipeline; organizational climate; science; sexism; workplace
CEWS Kategorie:Wissenschaft als Beruf, Geschlechterverhältnis, Sexuelle Belästigung und Gewalt
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Gender and underrepresented minorities differences in research funding
Autor/in:
Cruz-Castro, Laura; K. Ginther, Donna; Sanz-Menéndez, Luis
Quelle: Handbook of Public Funding of Research. Benedetto Lepori (Hrsg.), Ben Jongbloed (Hrsg.), Diana Hicks (Hrsg.), Edward Elgar Publishing. 2023, S 279–300
Details
Inhalt: This review is about the relationship between research funding allocation, gender and underrepresented minorities (URM). Research on gender and URM disparities in research funding is relevant as it speaks directly to the unexplained gaps in career advancement by illuminating potential effects of gender, race and ethnicity characteristics on productivity, reputation and compensation, offering potential explanations for the distribution of other types of organizational resources and career opportunities. The allocation of research funding is generally performed by the funding bodies, and it has been traditionally expected to operate under some values and principles shared by the science community such as merit-based allocations and equity and not be based on any ascriptive feature of the individuals, like gender, race or ethnicity. Additionally, social and policy pressures for the adoption of other social values exist, such as gender and race equality, or more generally, the observation of non-discriminatory practices. Despite the abundant literature on gender inequality in academia (see Ceci et al. 2014 for a review) and much less regarding URM (National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics 2021; Bernard and Cooperdock 2018), research remains largely inconclusive as to whether disparities are mainly the result of structural differences, self-selection or the effect of different types or discrimination or bias during the review and allocation processes. We will argue that there are analytical gaps as well as methodological challenges that should be addressed in order to increase the robustness of research on this topic.
The scope of this review refers to the recent situation of research funding in various countries and agencies with a focus on gender and URM disparities. It also tries to assess the changing trends. We consider research funding allocation as a process and at each phase there are factors that lead to disparities in funding outcomes across groups. Adopting this type of dynamic perspective means that cumulative effects play a relevant role. We focus on grant funding and not on baseline funding allocated through, for instance, hiring. We do not cover issues related to how research funding supports careers since this is addressed in Melkers, Woolley and Kreth (Chapter 18 in this Handbook). Furthermore, given the complexity and specificity of research funding allocation practices across agencies and countries, their variations and their context dependent effects, we do not discuss funding agency policies designed to provide a more equitable allocation of funding.
Schlagwörter:Ethnicity; Gender; gender differences; minority; Minority Group; race; research funding
CEWS Kategorie:Diversity, Wissenschaft als Beruf, Geschlechterverhältnis
Dokumenttyp:Sammelwerksbeitrag
Closing the gender gap in academia? Evidence from an affirmative action program
Autor/in:
Fernandes, Mario; Hilber, Simon; Sturm, Jan-Egbert; Walter, Andreas
Quelle: Research Policy, 52 (2023) 9
Details
Inhalt: This study investigates a unique incentive-based affirmative action program in Germany’s academic labor market. By analyzing a sample of business administration professors, we document that the probability that a newly tenured professor is female increases at universities that participate in this government program compared to universities that do not. By delving deeper into the mechanisms of the program, we show that program universities lowered the entry barrier for tenured professorships regarding publication records for new female professors. While favoring women, we show that the program had no harmful effects on male professors regarding the entry barrier to tenured professorships. Overall, we provide evidence
Highlights
The study analyzes an affirmative action program, the WPP, in the German academic labor market for business administration
The program increases the likelihood that a newly tenured professor is female at WPP universities
At WPP universities, the program lowers the entry barrier (publication records) for newly tenured female professors
In contrast, the program, does not affect publication records for newly tenured male professors of the effectiveness of financial incentives as a means of reducing female underrepresentation in academic labor markets.
Schlagwörter:bibliometric analysis; Gleichstellungspolitik; Professorinnenprogramm; publication; Wirtschaftswissenschaft
CEWS Kategorie:Berufsbiographie und Karriere, Gleichstellungspolitik
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on publishing in astronomy in the initial two years
Autor/in:
Böhm, Vanessa; Liu, Jia
Quelle: Nature Astronomy, 7 (2023) 1, S 105–112
Details
Inhalt: The COVID-19 pandemic and associated lockdowns changed working conditions for many researchers worldwide. While there exists initial evidence that these conditions have had a measurable impact on the field of astronomy, a comprehensive quantitative analysis is still outstanding. We study the effects of the pandemic on the astronomy community worldwide, with a special focus on early-career and underrepresented female scientists, using public records of publications. We find that the overall output of the field, measured by the yearly paper count, has increased. This is mainly driven by boosted individual productivity in most countries. However, a decreasing number of incoming new researchers is seen in most countries we studied, indicating higher barriers for new researchers to enter the field or complete their first project during COVID. The overall improvement in productivity is not equally shared by women. A smaller fraction of papers are written by female astronomers and fewer women are among incoming new researchers as compared to pre-pandemic trends, in 14 out of 25 countries we studied. Even though female astronomers became more productive during COVID, the level of improvement is smaller than for men. Pre-COVID, female astronomers in countries such as the Netherlands, Australia and Switzerland were equally as or even more productive than their male colleagues. During COVID, on average, no single country’s female astronomers were able to be equally productive as their male colleagues.
Wie gut konnten Forschende während der Corona-Pandemie arbeiten? Eine Studie im Journal “Nature Astronomy” hat dies untersucht. Sie beschäftigt sich mit der Produktivität der Astronomie, könnte aber auch Rückschlüsse auf einige andere Disziplinen geben. Insgesamt haben die Lockdowns und Einschränkungen 2020 und 2021 der Produktivität in der Astronomie offenbar nicht geschadet: Nicht nur stieg die Zahl der weltweiten Veröffentlichungen um 13 Prozent und setzte damit den Aufwärtstrend der vorherigen Jahre fort, auch die individuelle Produktivität der Forschenden wuchs. Dies spricht dafür, dass die flexiblen Arbeitsbedingungen sowie durch wegfallende Wege gewonnene Zeit der eigenen Forschung zugute kam (FAZ, Nature Astronomy). Eine gute Nachricht? Nicht nur.
Denn nicht für alle Forschenden galt dies gleichermaßen: Es waren fast ausschließlich männliche Wissenschaftler, die produktiver wurden, während der Erfolg von weiblichen Wissenschaftlerinnen stagnierte. Sie konnten sogar weniger Zeit als vorher in ihre Forschung investieren. Der Gleichstellung dürften die Pandemiejahre also geschadet haben.
Schlagwörter:COVID-19; gender gap; publication gap
CEWS Kategorie:Wissenschaft als Beruf, Geschlechterverhältnis
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Online panel work through a gender lens: implications of digital peer review meetings
Autor/in:
Peterson, Helen; Husu, Liisa
Quelle: Sci. and Pub. Pol. (Science and Public Policy), 50 (2023) 3, S 371–381
Details
Inhalt: Previous studies have highlighted how the academic peer review system has been marked by gender bias and nepotism. Panel meetings arranged by research funding organisations (RFOs), where reviewers must explain and account for their assessment and scoring of grant applications, can potentially mitigate and disrupt patterns of inequality. They can however also constitute arenas where biases are reproduced. This article explores, through a gender lens, the shift from face-to-face to digital peer review meetings in a Swedish RFO, focusing on the implications for an unbiased and fair grant allocation process. Drawing on twenty-two interviews with panellists and staff in the RFO, the analysis identifies both benefits and challenges of this shift, regarding use of resources, meeting dynamics, micropolitics, social glue, and possibilities for group reflections. RFOs deliberating digitalisation of their peer review processes need to consider these implications to develop policies promoting unbiased and fair grant allocation processes and procedures.
Schlagwörter:digitale meeting; Digitalisierung; gender bias; grant application; inequality; micro-political practices; Mikropolitik; Panel; Peer Review; research funding organisation
CEWS Kategorie:Wissenschaft als Beruf, Geschlechterverhältnis
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Qualitätssicherung von Gleichstellungsmaßnahmen in der Wissenschaft: Ergebnisse aus dem Projekt StaRQ - Journal Netzwerk Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung NRW
Autor/in:
Steinweg, Nina; Roland, Lisa; Abraham, Christine; Schumacher, Theresa
Quelle: (2023) 52, S 37–42
Details
Inhalt: Der vorliegende Beitrag fokussiert auf zentrale Ergebnisse aus dem BMBF-geförderten Projekt StaRQ (2019-2023) und zeigt Perspektiven sowie ausgewählte Erkenntnisse zum Handlungsfeld Geschlechtersensibilisierung auf.
Schlagwörter:Geschlechtersensibilisierung; Gleichstellung; Gleichstellungsmaßnahmen; Gleichstellungspolitik; Hochschule; Hochschulforschung; Intersektionalität; Mentoring; Qualitätssicherung; Rekrutierung; Webcrawl; Wissenschaft; Wissenschaftlerin
CEWS Kategorie:Fördermaßnahmen, Hochschulen, Mentoring und Training, Frauen- und Gleichstellungsbeauftragte, Gleichstellungspolitik, Berufungsverfahren
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
An examination of gender difference in advancement and salary for Marriage and Family Therapy faculty members working in public universities
Autor/in:
Edwards, Lindsay L.; Leone, Rosemary A.; Culver, Kevin
Quelle: Journal of marital and family therapy, 49 (2023) 1, S 74–91
Details
Inhalt: Evidence for inequitable advancement and salary disparity for women in academia is compelling, but only a marginal amount of research has explored this in the field of Marriage and Family Therapy (MFT) specifically. Current research provides preliminary evidence that women remain underrepresented at the Full Professor rank and are paid less than men MFT faculty. This study collected publicly available data for MFT faculty in public universities to explore gender differences in advancement between ranks, salary disparity, and the representation of women and men in the highest and lowest paying niches of MFT academia. Results showed that, despite being 60.15% of MFTs in public universities, women were paid an average of $5596.25 less than men. Men were 1.40 times more likely than women to be promoted to Full Professor on time-within 13 years of their terminal degree. Implications for addressing inequitable advancement and salary disparity for women MFT faculty are discussed.
Schlagwörter:academic rank; akademische Laufbahnentwicklung; female discipline; full professor; gender pay gap; public universities and colleges; wage gap
CEWS Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Geschlechterverhältnis
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Inequalities and the Paradigm of Excellence in Academia
Herausgeber/in:
Jenkins, Fiona; Hoenig, Barbara; Weber, Susanne M.; Wolfram, Andrea
Quelle: London: Routledge (Routledge research in gender and society, 99), 2022.
Details
Inhalt: This volume examines the criteria of excellence producing inequalities of gender in the daily working environment and evaluation of academics.
Policy makers have increasingly placed emphasis on gender equality as part of a strategy for achieving research excellence, and efforts to reduce gender bias have become mainstream. This book suggests that this goal has remained elusive in practice due to continuing under-representation of women across many academic and scientific fields. Questioning the old structures of male-dominance still prevalent in national research policy, the book explores the effects of institutional values and practices on the careers of academics, particularly the academic identities of women and their career developments.
It focuses on case-studies drawn from Europe while also highlighting the rise of new forms of public management and a neo-liberal framing of the value of academic work, that have a much broader global reach. Using participatory research, the book analyses contemporary forms of ‘gendered excellence’ in an intersectional and international perspective. It will be of interest to junior/senior researchers, teachers and scholars in Sociology, Education, Gender Studies, History, Political Science and Science and Technology Studies.
Schlagwörter:academia; Care; excellence; Exzellenz; gender bias; inequality; Peer Review; woman in academia
CEWS Kategorie:Hochschulen, Wissenschaft als Beruf
Dokumenttyp:Sammelwerk
A “Chillier” Climate for Multiply Marginalized STEM Faculty Impedes Research Collaboration
Autor/in:
Griffith, Eric E.; Mickey, Ethel L.; Dasgupta, Nilanjana
Quelle: Sex Roles (Sex Roles), 86 (2022) , S 233–248
Details
Inhalt: Research collaboration is key to faculty career success in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). Yet little research has considered how faculty from multiply marginalized identity groups experience collaboration compared to colleagues from majority groups. The present study fills that gap by examining similarities and differences in collaboration experiences of faculty across multiple marginalized groups, and the role of department climate in those experiences. A survey of STEM faculty at a large public research university found that faculty from underrepresented groups – in terms of gender, race, and sexual orientation – had more negative experiences with department-level research collaborations. Moreover, faculty with multiply marginalized identities had worse collaboration experiences than others with a single marginalized identity or none. They also perceived their department climate to be less inclusive, equitable, and transparent; and felt their opinions were less valued in their department than colleagues from majority groups. Negative department climate, in turn, mediated and predicted less hospitable experiences with department-level research collaborations. These data suggest that multiply marginalized faculty, across different identity groups, share some common experiences of a “chilly” department climate relative to their peers from majority groups that impede opportunities for scientific collaboration, a key ingredient for faculty success. These findings have policy implications for retention of diverse faculty in university STEM departments.
Schlagwörter:chilly climate; climate survey; collaboration; department; Fachbereich; faculty; Fakultät; Forschungskooperation; Gender; intersectionality; Intersektionalität; Organisationsklima; organizational climate; race; sexual orientation; survey; USA; wissenschaftliches Personal
CEWS Kategorie:Diversity, Wissenschaft als Beruf, Geschlechterverhältnis
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
The Connection Between Gender Budgeting and Academic Housekeeping in RPOs
Autor/in:
Addabbo, Tindara; Badalassi, Giovanna; Pusch, Corinna
Quelle: icgr (International Conference on Gender Research), 5 (2022) 1, S 1–10
Details
Inhalt: Gender Budgeting is a tool to apply the gender mainstreaming perspective to the accountability process in order to give evidence of the unequal distribution of public resources between women and men. Academic Housekeeping is any task “low-status, time-consuming, largely invisible, and that nevertheless needs to be done” (Kalm, 2019) in the academic daily business. It is a source of gender inequality since it is largely ascribed to women. Money and time are two sides of the same coin of Gender Inequality in Academia and therefore need to be identified and managed with an holistic approach that recognizes the interconnections between them. The results chain of the Performance-Oriented budgeting approach is therefore used to describe the transformation of the budget for salaries into the value of researchers’ work through time, activities, products and results. In this process, Academic Housekeeping emerges as a matter of Gender Budgeting, too. Literature describes Academic Housekeeping as an inequality regime echoing the domestic sphere and bringing its biases and limitations to the scientific race of competitiveness. The Housekeeping tasks are assigned largely arbitrarily and with unintentional side-effects. Its negative gender impact on women’s career is also clearly recognized by four main studies, in every field and with further intersectional spill overs. Gender Budgeting reports in Academia therefore do need to embed a Gender impact assessment of Academic Housekeeping in every step of the main methodologies adopted: Identity, Context Analysis, Planning Analysis, Budget Reclassification, Implementation and Performance Audit. The conceptual framework that emerges from the paper confirms the benefits that might arise from further researches on this field. The paper stems from the LeTSGEPs European Horizon Project (Leading Towards Sustainable Gender Equality Plans RPOs)
Schlagwörter:academic housework; gender budgeting; Geschlechterungleichheit; Hochschule; Leistungsorientierung
CEWS Kategorie:Geschlechterverhältnis, Gleichstellungspolitik
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
The Operationalisation of Sex and Gender in Quantitative Health-Related Research: A Scoping Review
Autor/in:
Horstmann, Sophie; Schmechel, Corinna; Palm, Kerstin; Oertelt-Prigione, Sabine; Bolte, Gabriele
Quelle: International journal of environmental research and public health, 19 (2022) 12
Details
Inhalt: Current trends in quantitative health research have highlighted the inadequacy of the usual operationalisation of sex and gender, resulting in a growing demand for more nuanced options. This scoping review provides an overview of recent instruments for the operationalisation of sex and gender in health-related research beyond a concept of mutually exclusive binary categories as male or masculine vs. female or feminine. Our search in three databases (Medline, Scopus and Web of Science) returned 9935 matches, of which 170 were included. From these, we identified 77 different instruments. The number and variety of instruments measuring sex and/or gender in quantitative health-related research increased over time. Most of these instruments were developed with a US-American student population. The majority of instruments focused on the assessment of gender based on a binary understanding, while sex or combinations of sex and gender were less frequently measured. Different populations may require the application of different instruments, and various research questions may ask for different dimensions of sex and gender to be studied. Despite the clear interest in the development of novel sex and/or gender instruments, future research needs to focus on new ways of operationalisation that account for their variability and multiple dimensions.
Schlagwörter:Fragebogen; Gender; Geschlechterbegriff; Geschlechtervielfalt; Gesundheitsforschung; intersectionality; Item; literature review; quantitative Forschung; sex
CEWS Kategorie:Diversity, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
From Bystanders to Upstanders: Supporters and Key Informants for Victims of Gender Violence
Autor/in:
Puigvert, Lidia; Soler-Gallart, Marta; Vidu, Ana
Quelle: International journal of environmental research and public health, 19 (2022) 14
Details
Inhalt: Scientific literature has presented relevant evidence about the existence of gender violence in science and has evaluated some programs and actions against this problem. Although many researchers have identified the importance of those intervention programs to overcome this harassment, it is still a predominant reality in institutions, surrounded by the law of silence. Emerging lines of research are studying which of those programs are successful in this endeavor, and their transferability to other contexts. This research has analyzed one program: Programme of Women's Dialogic Action (ProWomenDialogue). To gather evidence for expressing whether or not ProWomenDialogue has an impact, and whether it constitutes a successful action against harassment, the SIOR (Social Impact Open Repository) criteria, emerging from the FP7 IMPACT-Project, have been used for the evaluation of this research's social impact. Drawing on SIOR, ProWomenDialogue shows unprecedented transformations in academia through six lines of action. The political impact led to legislation that made compulsory the creation of equality committees and protocols against sexual harassment. Social impact, aligned with SDG 5, inspires the reduction of GBV, while encouraging the career promotion of female researchers. ProWomenDialogue embodies a Successful Action platform against violence, presenting their features as recommendations to be implemented in other settings.
Schlagwörter:bystander intervention; Evaluation; isolation; Measure; sexual harassment; social implication; upstander; violence
CEWS Kategorie:Sexuelle Belästigung und Gewalt
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
The many facets of academic mobility and its impact on scholars' career
Autor/in:
Momeni, Fakhri; Karimi, Fariba; Mayr, Philipp; Peters, Isabella; Dietze, Stefan
Quelle: Journal of Informetrics, 16 (2022) 2
Details
Inhalt: International mobility in academia can enhance the human and social capital of researchers and consequently their scientific outcome. However, there is still a very limited understanding of the different mobility patterns among scholars with various socio-demographic characteristics. By studying these differences, we can detect inequalities in access to scholarly networks across borders, which can cause disparities in scientific advancement. The aim of this study is twofold. First, we investigate to what extent individuals’ factors (e.g., country, career stage, and field of research) associate with the mobility of male and female researchers. Second, we explore the relationship between mobility and scientific activity and impact. For this purpose, we used a bibliometric approach to track the mobility of authors. To compare the researchers’ scientific outcomes, we considered the number of publications and received citations as indicators, as well as the number of unique co-authors in all their publications. We also analysed the co-authorship network of researchers and compared centrality measures of “mobile” and “nonmobile” researchers. Results show that researchers from North America and Sub-Saharan Africa, particularly female ones, have the lowest, respectively, highest tendency towards international mobility. Having international co-authors increases the probability of international movement. Our findings uncover gender inequality in international mobility across scientific fields and countries. Across genders, researchers in the Physical sciences have the most and in the Social sciences the least rate of mobility. We observed more mobility for Social scientists at the advanced career stage, while researchers in other fields prefer to move at earlier career stages. Also, we found a positive correlation between mobility and scientific outcomes, but no apparent difference between females and males. Indeed, researchers who have started mobility at the advanced career stages had a better scientific outcome. Comparing the centrality of mobile and non-mobile researchers in the co-authorship networks reveals a higher social capital advantage for mobile researchers.
Internationale Mobilität im akademischen Bereich kann das Human- und Sozialkapital von Forschenden und folglich ihre wissenschaftlichen Ergebnisse verbessern. Allerdings ist das Verständnis für die unterschiedlichen Mobilitätsmuster von Wissenschaftler*innen mit verschiedenen soziodemografischen Merkmalen noch sehr begrenzt. Durch die Untersuchung dieser Unterschiede können die Autor*innen Ungleichheiten beim Zugang zu wissenschaftlichen Netzwerken über Grenzen hinweg aufdecken, die zu Ungleichheiten beim wissenschaftlichen Fortschritt führen können. Mit dieser Studie werden zwei Ziele verfolgt. Erstens untersuchen die Autor*innen, inwieweit individuelle Faktoren (z. B. Land, Karrierestufe und Forschungsgebiet) mit der Mobilität von Forscherinnen und Forschern zusammenhängen. Zweitens untersuchen sie den Zusammenhang zwischen Mobilität und wissenschaftlicher Tätigkeit und Wirkung.
Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Forschende aus Nordamerika und Afrika südlich der Sahara, insbesondere Frauen, die geringste bzw. höchste Tendenz zur internationalen Mobilität aufweisen. Die Wahrscheinlichkeit der internationalen Mobilität steigt, wenn man internationale Ko-Autor*innen hat.
Bei den Geschlechtern haben Forschende in den Naturwissenschaften die höchste und in den Sozialwissenschaften die niedrigste Mobilitätsrate.
Schlagwörter:bibliometric analysis; Bibliometrie; Gender; international academic mobility; internationale akademische Mobilität; Mobilität; Region; scopus
CEWS Kategorie:Europa und Internationales, Wissenschaft als Beruf
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Gendering excellence through research productivity indicators
Autor/in:
Nygaard, Lynn P.; Piro, Fredrik N.; Aksnes, Dag W.
Quelle: Gender and Education, (2022) , S 1–15
Details
Inhalt: As the importance of ‘excellence’ increases in higher education, so too does the importance of indicators to measure research productivity. We examine how such indicators might disproportionately benefit men by analysing extent to which the separate components of the Norwegian Publication Indicator (NPI), a bibliometric model used to distribute performance-based funding to research institutions, might amplify existing gender gaps in productivity. Drawing from Norwegian bibliometric data for 43,500 individuals, we find that each element of the indicator (weighting based on publication type, publication channel, and international collaboration, as well as fractionalization of co-authorship) has a small, but cumulative effect resulting in women on average receiving 10 per cent fewer publication points than men per publication. In other words, we see a gender gap that is not only caused by a difference in the level of production but is also amplified by the value ascribed to each publication.
Schlagwörter:excellence; Exzellenz; gender bias; indicator; Indikator; Norway; Norwegen; productivity; publication; Publikation
CEWS Kategorie:Wissenschaft als Beruf, Geschlechterverhältnis
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Women in economics: the role of gendered references at entry in the profession
Autor/in:
Baltrunaite, Audinga; Casarico, Alessandra; Rizzica, Lucia
Quelle: CEPR Discussion Paper, 17474 (2022)
Details
Inhalt: We study the presence and the extent of gender differences in reference letters for graduate students in economics and how these may affect the start of young researchers' careers. To these ends, we build a novel rich dataset covering ten cohorts of academic job market applicants to two top institutions hiring on the international market. We collect information from the application packages and conduct text analysis of reference letters using Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques in order to measure gender differences in the style and content of the letters. We then combine the resulting measures with information on the applicants’ subsequent labor market outcomes as extrapolated from the main online repositories. Our results reveal that male and female candidates receive different support from their sponsors and are described in systematically different terms. While female advisors talk more about personal characteristics, only male advisors do so at a different extent for male and female candidates. Such differences in how candidates are talked about affect subsequent career outcomes and explain a non-negligible part (5 to 8% approximately) of the observed gender gaps.
Schlagwörter:Arbeitsmarktchancen; career; gender differences; gender gap; Karriere; Karrierechancen; labor market outcome; text analysis; Textanalyse
CEWS Kategorie:Arbeitswelt und Arbeitsmarkt, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Wissenschaft als Beruf, Geschlechterverhältnis
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Trans Health. International Persepctives on Care for Trans Communities
Herausgeber/in:
Appenroth, Max Nicolai; Castro Varela, María do Mar
Quelle: transcript, 2022.
Details
Inhalt: Around the world trans and gender diverse people are marginalized and discriminated against in medical, psychological, and nursing care. This anthology is the first to address the current situation of this population in various global healthcare settings. The perspectives from 11 different countries give insight into the difficult experiences of the trans and gender diverse community when seeking healthcare, and how self-organized community structures can help to overcome barriers to often inaccessible public healthcare systems. The majority of contributions are written from a lived trans and gender diverse perspective.
Schlagwörter:care work; gender diversity; Gesundheit; Gesundheitsversorgung; healthcare; LGBTQ; LGBTQ+; queer; trans
CEWS Kategorie:Diversity, Europa und Internationales
Dokumenttyp:Sammelwerk
COVID-19 and the Gender Gap in University Student Performance
Autor/in:
Bratti, Massimiliano; Lippo, Enrico
Quelle: IZA Discussion Paper, (2022)
Details
Inhalt: The gendered impact of the COVID-19 pandemic has been observed in many domains, such as labor market outcomes and mental health. One sector that was particularly disrupted by the pandemic was education, owing to the need to close educational institutions and move all learning activities online. In this paper, we investigate the gender gap in university student performance, focusing on a large public university located in one of the European regions most affected by the first pandemic wave (Lombardy, in Northern Italy). Despite concerns that the pandemic might have had a heavier toll on the educational performance of female students, our empirical analysis shows that the gender gap in student progression (number of credits earned) was not affected by the pandemic and that in some college majors (social sciences and humanities) women even improved their GPA relative to men
Schlagwörter:Benotung; gender gap; Leistungsdifferenzen; Leistungsfähigkeit; public universities and colleges; student; Student*in; Universität
CEWS Kategorie:Hochschulen, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Studium und Studierende, Geschlechterverhältnis
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Zugänge, Barrieren und Potentiale für die internationale Mobilität von Wissenschaftlerinnen : Eine Untersuchung im Auftrag der Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung
Autor/in:
Löther, Andrea; Freund, Frederike; Lipinsky, Anke
Quelle: GESIS - Leibniz-Institut für Sozialwissenschaften; Köln (cews.publik, 26), 2022.
Details
Inhalt: Die Studie untersucht die Gründe für die geringe Frauenbeteiligung in Programmen der Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung (ein Drittel im Jahr 2018) und gibt Handlungsimpulse, wie die Stiftung mehr exzellente Wissenschaftlerinnen für das Humboldt-Netzwerk gewinnen kann. Für die Potenzialanalyse untersuchten internationale Expert*innen für 14 Schlüsselländer die Repräsentanz von Wissenschaftlerinnen und geschlechtsspezifische Qualifikations- und Karrierestrukturen, insbesondere in Hinblick auf internationale Mobilität. In den untersuchten Ländern zeigen sich bei der Beteiligung von Frauen im Wissenschaftssystem ähnliche Muster der horizontalen und vertikalen Segregation, jedoch mit spezifischen Ausprägungen in einzelnen Ländern. Die Defizitanalyse für drei Programme fokussiert auf die Themen Zugang zu den Programmen und Durchführung des Forschungsaufenthaltes. Verschiedene Referenzdaten zeigen, dass das Potenzial an internationalen Wissenschaftlerinnen, die für einen Forschungsaufenthalt in Deutschland gewonnen werden könnten, nicht ausgeschöpft wird. Für den Zugang zu den Programmen analysiert die Studie Zugänge zu Netzwerken und Kontakten vor der Bewerbung und homosoziale Muster der Zusammenarbeit zwischen Gastgebenden und internationalen Wissenschaftler*innen. Beim Forschungsaufenthalt stehen die Nutzung familienpolitischer Leistungen und Dual-Career im Vordergrund. Als Kontextfaktoren werden die Gleichstellungspolitik der Stiftung und der Exzellenzbegriff untersucht. Abschließend werden Ansatzpunkte aufgezeigt, um mehr internationale Wissenschaftlerinnen für einen Forschungsaufenthalt in Deutschland zu gewinnen.... weniger
Schlagwörter:Antragserfolg; dual career couple; Exzellenz; Forschungsförderung; Geschlechtergerechtigkeit; Gleichstellungspolitik; internationale akademische Mobilität; Mobilität; Wissenschaftler*in
CEWS Kategorie:Europa und Internationales, Wissenschaft als Beruf, Geschlechterverhältnis
Dokumenttyp:Graue Literatur, Bericht
A gender study of principal investigator lead public R&D centres and funding
Autor/in:
Cunningham, James A.; Escribá-Esteve, Alejandro; Foncubierta-Rodríguez, María José; Martín-Alcázar, Fernando; Perea-Vicente, José Luis
Quelle: Economics of Innovation and New Technology, 31 (2022) 1, S 54–69
Details
Inhalt: To survive and grow public Research and Development (R&D) centres need to raise competitive funds (Bazeley 1998; Lee and Om 1996; Muñoz 2007; Santamaría, Brage-Gil and Modrego 2010). The factors that can influence the capacity of national R&D teams within R&D centres to apply for and obtain competitive funding does not seem to have been studied in depth. The purpose of study is to firstly, to examine whether a consistent set of priorities defined by R&D centre lead principal investigators secures more competitive funding. Secondly, to examine whether the PI gender moderates the effect of the PI’s priorities on the amount of competitive public funds that the R&D team of the PI obtains. Our study focuses on R&D activities carried out in Spanish public centres in the areas of Health and Biomedicine. Our results found that there were no gender differences in relation to the acquisition of competitive funding which is contrary to findings of other studies (Mayer and Rathmann 2018; Lerchenmueller and Sorenson, 2018).
Schlagwörter:Gender; Innovation; leadership; public funding; R&D
CEWS Kategorie:Wissenschaftspolitik
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Roundtable on the impact of COVID and Open Access on Gender Studies Journal
Autor/in:
Pető, Andrea; Gillis, Stacy; Grenz, Sabine; Madarova, Zuzana; Munt, Sally R.; Panayotov, Stanimir; Sayegh, Ghiwa; Alm, Erika; Engebretsen, Elisabeth Lund
Quelle: European Journal of Women's Studies, 29 (2022) 1, S 168–177
Details
Inhalt: Knowledge production in gender studies needs journals as its lifeline not only because it offers academic authorization to the authors but also because that is the way to ensure the knowledge produced is shared widely. A number of gender studies journal editors were invited to an online roundtable discussion about the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic and of open access (OA) practices on gender studies journals, which took place as part of the European Journal of Women’s Studies 2021 online Spring Symposium. The participants of the roundtable represent different types of gender studies journals: self-financed and published (Identities Southern Europe, Kohl, lambda nordica), project financed (Aspekt), institutional (Open Gender Journal), profit oriented with a national focus (Gender) and with a transnational focus (Feminist Theory, Feminist Encounters) financed by publishing houses.
Schlagwörter:COVID-19; Gender Studies; Geschlechterforschung; Journal; open access; Publikation; Publishing
CEWS Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
A Stall Only on the Surface? Working Hours and the Persistence of the Gender Wage Gap in Western Germany 1985–2014
Autor/in:
Schmitt, Laila; Auspurg, Katrin
Quelle: European Sociological Review, (2022)
Details
Inhalt: Der Begriff Gender Wage Gap bezeichnet die ungleichen Löhne zwischen Männern und Frauen, wobei Frauen im Durchschnitt weniger verdienen. Oberflächlich betrachtet stagniert diese Lohnlücke zwischen Männern und Frauen, obwohl Frauen in den vergangenen Jahrzehnten bei Bildungsabschlüssen und Berufserfahrung gegenüber den Männern deutlich aufgeholt haben. Eine neue Studie zeigt nun gegenläufige Faktoren auf: Insbesondere Teilzeitarbeit befördert den Gender Wage Gap sogar: „Die starke Ausweitung von Teilzeitarbeit in den vergangenen Jahrzehnten speziell bei Frauen ist mit einer deutlichen Ausweitung des Gender Wage Gap einhergegangen“, sagt LMU-Soziologin Katrin Auspurg. „Das liegt an den zunehmenden Lohnunterschieden zwischen Teilzeit- und Vollzeitarbeit und daran, dass vor allem Frauen zunehmend Teilzeit arbeiten.“
Katrin Auspurg, Inhaberin des Lehrstuhls für Quantitative Methoden der Empirischen Sozialforschung an der LMU, und ihre wissenschaftliche Mitarbeiterin Laila Schmitt haben die Entwicklung der Lohnungleichheit bei den Stundenlöhnen zwischen Männern und Frauen in Westdeutschland über den Zeitraum von 30 Jahren untersucht. „Damit zeigen wir eine längere Trendreihe der geschlechtsspezifischen Lohnlücke, als es sie bislang gab“, so Laila Schmitt. Die Studie zeigt auch: Der Abstand in der Bezahlung von Teilzeit- und Vollzeitjobs ist über die Zeit sogar noch größer geworden. Ohne diese Entwicklungen hätte sich der Gender Wage Gap in Westdeutschland nach der Studie in den letzten drei Jahrzehnten um weitere 17 Prozent geschlossen.
Mehr Erwerbsbeteiligung von Frauen, aber zu geringeren Löhnen
In den vergangenen Jahren hat die Erwerbsbeteiligung von Frauen stark zugenommen, doch die Forscherinnen stellen fest: Die Geschlechterungleichheit beim Lohn hat sich vergrößert. „Die Ausweitungen der Möglichkeit, Teilzeit zu arbeiten, hat zwar mehr Frauen in den Arbeitsmarkt gebracht, aber die kürzeren Arbeitszeiten gehen mit geringeren Stunden- und Monatslöhnen unter Beschäftigten einher“, erklärt Laila Schmitt.
Die Forscherinnen plädieren dafür, geschlechtsspezifische Unterschiede im Erwerbsumfang in der Familien- und Arbeitsmarktpolitik stärker zu berücksichtigen. Ausgewogenere Arbeitszeiten und höhere Stundenlöhne könnten zu einer Schließung des Gender Wage Gap führen. Mögliche Ansatzpunkte dafür wären, den Anteil von Männern in Teilzeitjobs zu erhöhen oder durch institutionelle Rahmenbedingungen (wie etwa andere Arbeitsorganisationen) besser bezahlte Teilzeitarbeit zu fördern.
To what extent has the closing of the gender gap in hourly wages (‘gender wage gap’; GWG) in Western Germany stalled due to an increasing supply of non-standard working hours? We use descriptive trend analyses and Juhn–Murphy–Pierce decompositions of German Socio-Economic Panel data for the last 30 years (1985–2014) to analyse the extent to which the expansion of part-time and marginal work, as well as overwork, may have contributed to the dynamics of the GWG in Western Germany. We find that the large increase in part-time work among women in combination with increasing wage gaps between part-time and full-time work substantially widened the GWG (by about one-sixth). Working hour effects were large enough to offset the equalizing effects of declining gender gaps in human capital, and they existed even in the public sector. In contrast to the United States, trends in overwork did not have a meaningful impact on the GWG. In an add-on, we find a widening of the gender gap in monthly earnings, but also an important closing of the gender earnings gap unconditional on employment due to an increased labour supply of women. Our results suggest that working hours should be given more consideration in research on family–work conflict and gender earnings inequalities.
Schlagwörter:Arbeitsmarkt; Deutschland; gender pay gap; Langzeitstudie; Teilzeitarbeit
CEWS Kategorie:Arbeitswelt und Arbeitsmarkt, Geschlechterverhältnis
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Gleichstellungspolitik im Kontext neuer Governance an Universitäten : Praxis der Gleichstellungsakteur_innen an den Universitäten und für die Politik - Grundlegende Studie
Autor/in:
Erbe, Birgit
Quelle: Springer, 2022.
Details
Inhalt: Das Buch widmet sich den immensen Herausforderungen, die an die Gleichstellungspolitik an Hochschulen gestellt werden, und stützt sich dabei auf Ansätze der Governance-, Organisations- und Geschlechterforschung. Mit der Hochschulreform seit Ende der 1990er Jahre sollte das ‚Steuerungsproblem‘ des Hochschulbereichs mit neuen, vom New Public Management geprägten Formen der Governance gelöst werden. Da das Steuerungsproblem auch auf die Hochschulgleichstellungspolitik zutrifft, sind die beiden zentralen Fragen der Untersuchung: Wo liegen die Chancen und Grenzen der veränderten Governance-Strukturen für Gleichstellungspolitik? Was bedeuten sie für die Praxis der Gleichstellungsakteur_innen an den Universitäten und für die Politik? Anhand von vier kontrastierenden Organisationsfallstudien wird nachvollzogen, wie es den untersuchten Universitäten trotz schwieriger Rahmenbedingungen gelingt, längerfristige gleichstellungspolitische Veränderungen innerhalb ihrer Organisationen zu realisieren und welche Faktoren dafür ausschlaggebend sind
Schlagwörter:equality work; Geschlechterforschung; Gleichstellung; Gleichstellungspolitik; Governance; Governance-Ansatz; Hochschulpolitik; new public management; Organisationsforschung
CEWS Kategorie:Hochschulen, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Geschlechterverhältnis, Gleichstellungspolitik
Dokumenttyp:Monographie
Approaches to inclusive gender equality in research and innovation (R&I)
Autor/in:
European Commission; Directorate-General for Research; Innovation
Quelle: Publications Office of the European Union, 2022.
Details
Inhalt: To promote diversity in R&I and open its gender policy to intersections with other social characteristics, such as ethnicity, disability and sexual orientation, the European Commission supports the development of inclusive gender equality plans (GEPs) and policies, in line with the 2020 Communication on the new European Research Area (ERA) and ERA Policy Agenda 2022-2024. As part of these efforts, this report presents emerging practices and policies at EU and national levels to support the inclusion and equal opportunity of students, researchers and staff from diverse backgrounds in European R&I systems.
Schlagwörter:disability; ERA; Ethnicity; EU; gender equality plan; gender equality policy; Gleichstellungsplan; Gleichstellungspolitik; intersectionality; Intersektionalität; R&D; sexual orientation
CEWS Kategorie:Europa und Internationales, Gleichstellungspolitik
Dokumenttyp:Monographie
Association between women's authorship and women's editorship in infectious diseases journals: a cross-sectional study
Autor/in:
Last, Katharina; Hübsch, Lilith; Cevik, Muge; Wolkewitz, Martin; Müller, Sophie Elisabeth; Huttner, Angela; Papan, Cihan
Quelle: The Lancet Infectious Diseases, (2022)
Details
Inhalt: Background
Gender inequity is still pervasive in academic medicine, including journal publishing. We aimed to ascertain the proportion of women among first and last authors and editors in infectious diseases journals and assess the association between women's editorship and women's authorship while controlling for a journal's impact factor.
Methods
In this cross-sectional study, we randomly selected 40 infectious diseases journals (ten from each 2020 impact factor quartile), 20 obstetrics and gynaecology journals (five from each 2020 impact factor quartile), and 20 cardiology journals (five from each 2020 impact factor quartile) that were indexed in Journal Citation Reports, had an impact factor, had retrievable first and last author names, and had the name of more than one editor listed. We retrieved the names of the first and last authors of all citable articles published by the journals in 2018 and 2019 that counted towards their 2020 impact factor and collected the names of all the journals' editors-in-chief, deputy editors, section editors, and associate editors for the years 2018 and 2019. We used genderize.io to predict the gender of each first author, last author, and editor. The outcomes of interest were the proportions of women first authors and women last authors. We assessed the association between women's editorship and women's authorship by fitting quasi-Poisson regression models comprising the variables: the proportion of women last authors or women first authors; the proportion of women editors; the presence of a woman editor-in-chief; and journal 2020 impact factor.
Findings
We found 11 027 citable infectious diseases articles, of which 167 (1·5%) had an indeterminable first author gender, 155 (1·4%) had an indeterminable last author gender, and seven (0·1%) had no authors indexed. 5350 (49·3%) of 10 853 first authors whose gender could be determined were predicted to be women and 5503 (50·7%) were predicted to be men. Women accounted for 3788 (34·9%) of 10 865 last authors whose gender could be determined and men accounted for 7077 (65·1%). Of 577 infectious diseases journal editors, 190 (32·9%) were predicted to be women and 387 (67·1%) were predicted to be men. Of the 40 infectious diseases journals, 13 (32·5%) had a woman as editor-in-chief. For infectious diseases journals, the proportion of women editors had a significant effect on women's first authorship (incidence rate ratio 1·32, 95% CI 1·06–1·63; p=0·012) and women's last authorship (1·92, 1·45–2·55; p<0·0001). The presence of a woman editor-in-chief, the proportion of women last or first authors, and the journal's impact factor exerted no effect in these analyses.
Interpretation
The proportion of women editors appears to influence the proportion of women last and first authors in the analysed infectious diseases journals. These findings might help to explain gender disparities observed in publishing in academic medicine and suggest a need for revised policies towards increasing women's representation among editors.
Im medizinischen Wissenschaftsbetrieb sind Frauen noch immer unterrepräsentiert, obwohl sie mehr als die Hälfte der Beschäftigten im Gesundheitswesen ausmachen. Als wichtigster Maßstab für die akademische Produktivität gilt die Publikationsleistung. Im Wissenschaftsbetrieb gilt: Wer viel – und möglichst in einflussreichen Zeitschriften – publiziert, erhält mit höherer Wahrscheinlichkeit Stipendien und Auszeichnungen, wird häufiger zu Vorträgen eingeladen und eher in Führungspositionen befördert. Doch der so genannte Publikationsoutput zeigt deutliche genderspezifische Unterschiede: Frauen veröffentlichen weniger Artikel als Männer und in weniger einflussreichen Zeitschriften, und sie haben eine geringere Wahrscheinlichkeit, später zitiert zu werden – alles Faktoren, die sich negativ auf ihren beruflichen Aufstieg auswirken.
Um den Ursachen der genderspezifischen Ungleichheiten beim Publikationsoutput auf den Grund zu gehen, wurde in der aktuellen Studie der Zusammenhang zwischen der Herausgeberschaft von Frauen und der Autorenschaft von Frauen näher untersucht. „Wir haben Zeitschriften für Infektionsmedizin unter die Lupe genommen und hier den Anteil weiblicher Erst- und Letztautoren von Publikationen erfasst und diesen mit dem Frauen-Anteil bei den Herausgebern verglichen“, sagt Dr. Cihan Papan, Oberarzt am Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Hygiene an der Universität des Saarlandes. Die Unterscheidung zwischen Erst- und Letztautorschaft dient dabei der Berücksichtigung von Hierarchieebenen innerhalb des Publikationssystems. „Während Erstautoren meist erst am Anfang ihrer Karriere stehen, sind die Letztautoren in der Regel erfahrene Forscher und die Initiatoren des Forschungsprojekts“, erläutert Katharina Last. Sie ist selber Erstautorin der aktuellen Publikation, die von dem Homburger Team in Zusammenarbeit mit Kolleginnen und Kollegen aus Großbritannien und der Schweiz erarbeitet wurde.
In der Studie wurden 40 zufällig ausgewählte wissenschaftliche Zeitschriften aus dem Bereich der Infektionsmedizin analysiert (alle im jährlichen „Journal Citation Reports“ aufgeführt). Alle Zeitschriften hatten mehrere Herausgeber, abrufbar waren zudem die Namen und Vornamen der Erst- und Letztautoren sowie die Impakt-Faktoren. Die Auswahl der Zeitschriften erfolgte so, dass das ganze Größenspektrum ihrer Impakt-Faktoren des Jahres 2020 gleichmäßig vertreten war (Der Impakt-Faktor gibt an, wie oft Artikel einer Zeitschrift zitiert werden und gilt daher als Maß für den Einfluss der Zeitschrift. Die Impakt-Faktoren werden jedes Jahr aus den Daten der beiden Vorjahre neu berechnet). Insgesamt flossen rund 11.000 Artikel in die Untersuchung ein.
Genderspezifische Unterschiede beim Publizieren
Die Analysen ergaben eine annähernde Genderparität bei der Erstautorschaft, aber eine ungleiche Verteilung bei der Letztautorschaft und der Herausgeberschaft. „Unter den Erstautoren der Publikationen waren genauso viele Frauen wie Männer, jedoch waren Frauen bei den Letztautoren eindeutig unterrepräsentiert; hier betrug der Frauen-Anteil nur rund 35 Prozent“, sagt Katharina Last. Ein Grund könnte die unterschiedliche genderspezifische Mitwirkung bei Forschungsprojekten sein: „Frauen übernehmen überproportional häufig praktische wissenschaftliche Arbeit in den Forschungsteams. Die Letztautorschaft setzt dagegen mehr Forschungserfahrung und eine höhere hierarchische Position voraus.“
Eine deutliche genderspezifische Diskrepanz zeigte sich auch bei den Herausgebern: Von insgesamt 577 Herausgebern waren 67 Prozent Männer und knapp 33 Prozent Frauen.
Anschließend wurde der Zusammenhang zwischen dem Anteil von Frauen an allen Erst- und Letztautoren und dem Frauen-Anteil an allen Herausgebern ermittelt. „Unsere Analyse zeigt, dass die Herausgeberschaft von Frauen signifikant mit der Erst- und Letztautorschaft von Frauen verbunden ist. Je höher der Anteil von Herausgeberinnen in Zeitschriften über Infektionskrankheiten war, desto höher war auch der Anteil von Erst- und Letztautorinnen im analysierten Zeitraum“, fasst Dr. Cihan Papan das Ergebnis zusammen. Eine mögliche Ursache für diesen Zusammenhang könne unter anderem die unbewusste und implizite genderspezifische Voreingenommenheit der Herausgeber bei der Beurteilung eines eingereichten Artikels sein, so Papan. Andere Gründe können genderspezifische Unterschiede im rhetorischen Ausdruck beziehungsweise der Ergebnispräsentation oder auch die Auswahl an Forschungsmethoden sein. Sein Resümee der Ergebnisse: Da Frauen bei medizinischen Fachzeitschriften seltener in die Position von Herausgebern kommen, kann nicht ausgeschlossen werden, dass bei der Auswahl von Artikeln zur Publikation eine (unbewusste) Selektion stattfindet und daraus eine (ungewollte) Diskriminierung von Frauen als Autorinnen resultiert.
Die Studie ist ein Kooperationsprojekt der Universität des Saarlandes, der Universität St Andrews in Großbritannien, der Universität Freiburg und der Universitätsklinik in Genf.
Schlagwörter:gender bias; Geschlechterungleichheit; Medizin; publication; Publikation; Publikationsverhalten
CEWS Kategorie:Wissenschaft als Beruf
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Sexism in the silences at Australian Universities: Parental leave in name, but not in practice
Autor/in:
Duffy, Sarah; O’Shea, Michelle; Bowyer, Dorothea; van Esch, Patrick
Quelle: Gend Work Organ (Gender, Work and Organization), (2022)
Details
Inhalt: Unequal distribution of child rearing and domestic responsibilities between parents contributes to gender inequity, a wicked problem in Australia. Inequitable parental leave policies at Australian public Universities place the burden of care squarely on the mother, diminishing or absenting the father. We examine how the gendered nature of the existing policies are constructed in ways that create inequities and discourage their uptake. A post-structural feminist lens provides us with a theoretical vantage point from which this wicked problem can be problematized. We present three recommendations for enabling more equitable outcomes for parents. The first is to eradicate the punitive approach and support flexibility; second, the policies must be parental leave in name, provision and practice; and finally we recommend a minimum parental leave standard for Australian universities nationally. These findings have policy-level significance for redressing parental leave inequity within the Australian university context. The paper concludes with theoretical contributions, practical implications, and suggestions for future research.
Schlagwörter:Australia; Australien; Elternschaft; gender inequality; Geschlechterungleichheit; higher education; Mutter; parental leave; Universität; university; Vater
CEWS Kategorie:Europa und Internationales, Vereinbarkeit Familie-Beruf, Hochschulen
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Every 90 Seconds. Our Common Cause Ending Violence Against Women
Autor/in:
DePrince, Anne P.
Quelle: Oxford University Press, 2022.
Details
Inhalt: Awareness of violence against women has never been greater, yet rates of such violence persist at jaw-dropping levels. In Every 90 Seconds, Dr. Anne P. DePrince argues that to end violence against women, we must fundamentally redefine how we engage with the problem—starting by abandoning the idea that awareness is enough to cause change or that such acts are someone else’s problem. Instead, she argues that we must come to see that we share a common interest in ending violence against women, which diminishes individuals and communities. DePrince traces the links between violence against women and the most important public health and economic issues of our time, including healthcare, education, and legal system reform as well as gun control and immigration. Drawing on research from her own work as well as across disciplines, DePrince explains how violence against women directly and daily affects each of us. In a call to action, the author offers new ways to work together to restore and ensure dignity, fairness, opportunity, and safety for women, girls, and our communities. The book is organized around the connections between violence against women and challenges facing the United States in terms of healthcare (Chapter 1), gun violence (Chapter 2), education access and success (Chapter 3), immigration policy (Chapter 4), economic justice (Chapter 5), and legal system reform (Chapter 6).
Schlagwörter:economic inequality; economics of gender; gender-based violence; Gewalt gegen Frauen; public health; sexual abuse; sexual assault; sexual harassment; sexual violence; sexualisierte Gewalt; sexuelle Belästigung; violence against women
CEWS Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Geschlechterverhältnis, Sexuelle Belästigung und Gewalt
Dokumenttyp:Monographie
Pädagogik und Geschlechterverhältnisse in der Pandemie
Herausgeber/in:
Langer, Antje; Mahs, Claudia; Thon, Christine; Windheuser, Jeannette
Quelle: Barbara Budrich, 2022.
Details
Inhalt: During the Corona pandemic, many topics became the subject of public debates that have long preoccupied educational science in general and women's and gender studies in particular: Reproduction of social inequality in educational contexts, unequal distribution of care work, marginalization of non-heteronormative lifestyles, and many more. In the pandemic, the struggle for a return to "normality" is omnipresent. The contributions to this volume show, from the perspectives of gender theory and educational science, that this normality is part of the conditions of the crisis itself and that a return to such normality would perpetuate existing relations of power.
Schlagwörter:Bildungswissenschaft; care work; Care-Arbeit; COVID-19; educational sociology; Gender Studies; Geschlechterforschung; social inequality
CEWS Kategorie:Arbeitswelt und Arbeitsmarkt, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung
Dokumenttyp:Sammelwerk
U-Multirank Gender Monitor 2022 : Gender disparities in higher education
Autor/in:
Federkeil, Gero
Quelle: U-Multirank; Gütersloh, 2022.
Details
Inhalt: This past September, U-Multirank launched the second edition of its analysis on gender balance in higher education. While gender inequality has been a major dimension of inequality in higher education, data from the latest U-Multirank edition confirm that still today there are strong gender imbalances among males and females in academic careers. While women in total count for more than half of bachelor’s (BA) and master’s (MA) students, their share is smaller among PhD students (48%), academic staff (45%) and professors (29%). The new edition analyses gender ratio among rectors/vice-presidents for the first time: Only one out of five leaders of higher education institutions are female. According to U-Multirank data this pattern is very much the same among EU and non-EU institutions.
Findings from the U-Multirank data show that women are particularly underrepresented in research intense universities. Only 24% of professors are women in institutions with high or very high percentages of expenditures on research – compared to 36% in institutions with a low share of research expenditures. In addition, our data show a strong effect regarding the subject focus of institutions: At institutions with a majority of graduates in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM fields), women are underrepresented both at the student level and among academic staff.
Still worlds apart: Gender balance by subjects
Furthermore, data from the U-Multirank subject rankings suggest that differences between study subjects still follow traditional patterns of ‘male and female study subjects’. While women are still a minority in most of the science and engineering subjects, both among students and academic staff, subjects like nursing, social work, education and psychology are still strongly dominated by women. In these subjects, the majority of both students and academic staff are female. In social work for example, U-Multirank found only 17 out of almost 200 departments where men make up for more than half of the students. Furthermore, at four out of five departments the majority of academic staff is female. Comparing science and engineering data from the rankings 2019 and 2022, we see that gender patterns did not change overall within these three years.
Among the subjects with the most balanced gender ratio are business studies, economics, political science, agriculture, history and – as the only science subject, chemistry. Here the percentage of males and females among both students and academic staff are between 40% and 60%. In many other study subjects, there are only a few, or even no departments with a balanced gender ratio (see appendix 3).
Hilligje Van’t Land, Secretary General of the International Association of Universities (IAU) comments on the monitor: “I highly recommend this second U-Multirank Gender Monitor. To assess the current state of play and to inform future decision making to address the existing issues, U-Multirank’s analysis shows how women and men are generally distributed at universities, and whether the well-known ‘male and female subjects’ still exist at higher education institutions.”
U-Multirank’s latest results not only give insights on balance among males and females in higher education, but as a multi-dimensional global ranking it makes transparent the detailed performance of universities. In doing so, students can make better informed choices about what, or where to study based on what matters most to them - including the gender balance of a study programme. Universities can use U-Multirank data to assess their strengths and weaknesses and find ways to create or strengthen their strategic plans, including aspects of gender balance.
Although a modern notion of gender requires more than a binary classification of female and male, the current data available for such an analysis is limited. Therefore, this analysis concentrates on gender in a binary system, but will be improved upon in future years. As a first step in 2020, U-Multirank introduced the category ’non-binary/diverse’ into its student survey. Additionally, U-Multirank will continue to extend its definition of gender in ongoing and upcoming data collections, including surveys at the institutional and department levels, which are the basis for the U-Multirank gender monitor.
Schlagwörter:academic staff; department; fachspezifische Situation; gender monitoring; Geschlechterverteilung; Hochschule; Monitoring; publication; Publikation; student; Studierende
CEWS Kategorie:Statistik und statistische Daten, Geschlechterverhältnis
Dokumenttyp:Graue Literatur, Bericht
Women's participation in inventive activity : Evidence from EPO data - Key Findings
Autor/in:
Di Iasio, Valentina; Lissoni, Francesco; Miguelez, Ernest; Tarasconi, Gianluca; Ménière, Yann; Grilli, Muzio; Rudyk, Ilja
Quelle: European Patent Office; München, 2022.
Details
Inhalt: While women’s contributions to science and technology have been increasing in recent decades, parity with men has still not been reached. This study examines women’s participation in patenting activity at the EPO in the 38 contracting states to the European Patent Convention (EPC). 1 The analysis focuses on all European patent applications submitted between 1978 and 2019, with occasional extensions until 2021, where possible. Using disambiguated inventor data and attributing gender to individual inventors based on their names, the analysis provides evidence on the presence of women inventors across different countries, time periods, technology fields and patent applicant profiles.
A new study released by the European Patent Office (EPO) finds that 13.2% of inventors in Europe are women. The study, the first of its kind to be published by the EPO, is based on the percentage of women inventors named in all patent applications to the EPO from 1978 until 2019. It highlights that while the women inventor rate in Europe has been rising in recent decades (up from only 2% in the late 1970s to 13.2% in 2019), a strong gender gap remains. The rate of women inventors is also far below the share of women among science and engineering researchers and graduates.
The EPO study aims to provide policymakers and the general public with insights and evidence on gender and patenting in Europe. It provides data on women inventors across different countries, time periods, technology fields and patent applicant profiles.
In the ranking of EPO member states (for the period 2010-19) Latvia (30.6%), Portugal (26.8%), Croatia (25.8%), Spain (23.2%) and Lithuania (21.4%) have the highest proportion of women inventors, while Germany (10.0%), Luxembourg (10.0%), Liechtenstein (9.6%) and Austria (8.0%) have the lowest.
Chemistry stands out as the technology sector with the highest share of women inventors (22.4% in 2010-19), while mechanical engineering (5.2%) has the lowest share. Within the chemistry sector, patent applications in the areas of biotechnology and pharmaceuticals have rates of over 30% women inventors.
The report also highlights that patent applications from universities and public research organisations have a significantly larger share of women inventors (19.4% in 2010-19) than those from private business (10.0%).
Schlagwörter:Erfinderin; EU; gender equality; Geschlechterunterschied; Innovation; internationaler Vergleich; inventor; participation; Patent; Repräsentation; Technologie
CEWS Kategorie:Europa und Internationales, Naturwissenschaft und Technik, Geschlechterverhältnis
Dokumenttyp:Graue Literatur, Bericht
Intersectionality and Non-Reporting Behavior: Perceptions from Women of Color in Federal Law Enforcement
Autor/in:
Yu, Helen H.
Quelle: Review of Public Personnel Administration, 42 (2022) 3, S 574–592
Details
Inhalt: Since the passage of the No FEAR Act of 2002, scholars across various disciplines have examined women’s reporting behavior toward sex-based discrimination. Most of the scholarship has concentrated on why women do not report sex-based discrimination, with this study being no exception. Missing, however, from this research is the intersectionality of race and gender, as most studies capture women as a homogeneous group without regard to race or ethnicity. Using a subsample of women who responded “yes” to having experienced sex-based discrimination (n=550) in the workplace but chose not to report the unlawful behavior, this study employs a series of mean comparisons to differentiate women’s non-reporting behavior by race or ethnicity. The findings suggest women of color as a group, as well as African-American and Latina respondents by their respective minority race or ethnic subgroup, have differences in non-reporting behavior in comparison to White women. These findings are important because they illustrate a more accurate examination of women’s reporting behavior in the workplace.
Schlagwörter:discrimination; harassment; intersectional; reporting; workplace culture
CEWS Kategorie:Sexuelle Belästigung und Gewalt
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Gender-diverse teams produce more novel and higher-impact scientific ideas
Autor/in:
Yang, Yang; Tian, Tanya Y.; Woodruff, Teresa K.; Jones, Benjamin F.; Uzzi, Brian
Quelle: Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (PNAS)), 119 (2022) 36
Details
Inhalt: Science's changing demographics raise new questions about research team diversity and research outcomes. We study mixed-gender research teams, examining 6.6 million papers published across the medical sciences since 2000 and establishing several core findings. First, the fraction of publications by mixed-gender teams has grown rapidly, yet mixed-gender teams continue to be underrepresented compared to the expectations of a null model. Second, despite their underrepresentation, the publications of mixed-gender teams are substantially more novel and impactful than the publications of same-gender teams of equivalent size. Third, the greater the gender balance on a team, the better the team scores on these performance measures. Fourth, these patterns generalize across medical subfields. Finally, the novelty and impact advantages seen with mixed-gender teams persist when considering numerous controls and potential related features, including fixed effects for the individual researchers, team structures, and network positioning, suggesting that a team's gender balance is an underrecognized yet powerful correlate of novel and impactful scientific discoveries.
Schlagwörter:bibliometric analysis; Bibliometrie; gemischte Teams; gender balance; Innovation; medicine; Medizin; network analysis; publication; scientific performance
CEWS Kategorie:Wissenschaft als Beruf, Geschlechterverhältnis
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Who is publishing journal articles during graduate school? Racial and gender inequalities in biological sciences over time
Autor/in:
Roksa, Josipa; Wang, Yapeng; Feldon, David; Ericson, Matthew
Quelle: Journal of Diversity in Higher Education, 15 (2022) 1, S 47–57
Details
Inhalt: Despite increased enrolment of women and students from underrepresented racial/ethnic groups in doctoral programs, notable inequalities in academic careers persist. We investigate one potential source of these inequalities: publication rates during graduate school. Results, based on a sample of doctoral students in biological sciences across 53 institutions, indicate that both white women and students from underrepresented racial/ethnic groups (African American and Latinx) have lower publication rates than white men. Notably, these gaps grow over time and are not explained by background factors, socialization experiences, or family obligations. The same patterns persist for first-authored publications for African American and Latinx students, but not white women, suggesting potentially differential mechanisms of exclusion. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
Schlagwörter:Biologie; biology; doctoral student; gender bias; Promovierende; publication; Publikation; racial bias
CEWS Kategorie:Diversity, Wissenschaft als Beruf, Geschlechterverhältnis
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Identifying gender disparities in research performance: the importance of comparing apples with apples
Autor/in:
Nygaard, Lynn P.; Aksnes, Dag W.; Piro, Fredrik Niclas
Quelle: High Educ (Higher Education), 84 (2022) 5, S 1127–1142
Details
Inhalt: Many studies on research productivity and performance suggest that men consistently outperform women. However, women and men are spread unevenly throughout the academy both horizontally (e.g., by scientific field) and vertically (e.g., by academic position), suggesting that aggregate numbers (comparing all men with all women) may reflect the different publication practices in different corners of the academy rather than gender per se. We use Norwegian bibliometric data to examine how the “what” (which publication practices are measured) and the “who” (how the population sample is disaggregated) matter in assessing apparent gender differences among academics in Norway. We investigate four clusters of indicators related to publication volume, publication type, authorship, and impact or quality (12 indicators in total) and explore how disaggregating the population by scientific field, institutional affiliation, academic position, and age changes the gender gaps that appear at the aggregate level. For most (but not all) indicators, we find that gender differences disappear or are strongly reduced after disaggregation. This suggests a composition effect, whereby apparent gender differences in productivity can to a considerable degree be ascribed to the composition of the group examined and the different publication practices common to specific groups. We argue that aggregate figures can exaggerate some gender disparities while obscuring others. Our study illustrates the situated nature of research productivity and the importance of comparing men and women within similar academic positions or scientific fields—of comparing apples with apples—when using bibliometric indicators to identify gender disparities in research productivity.
Schlagwörter:bibliometric analysis; Bibliometrie; discipline; gender differences; Geschlechterunterschied; Norway; Norwegen; performance; publication pattern; research productivity
CEWS Kategorie:Wissenschaft als Beruf, Geschlechterverhältnis
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Beyond the neoliberalized academy: caring and careful practices of women full professors
Autor/in:
Castelao-Huerta, Isaura
Quelle: Gender and Education, (2022) , S 1–16
Details
Inhalt: This article reveals how some women full professors have developed caring and careful practices with their students despite the neoliberalization of public higher education, thus, avoiding individualization and establishing trust and solidarity. It presents interviews with 24 women full professors from a Colombian public university, an ethnographic study with three of them and nineteen interviews with their students and colleagues. The content analysis of the fieldwork shows that the professors have caring practices, which include rebuscarse to ensure the well-being of the students and providing financial support, as well as careful practices such as intervening to prevent harm and being open to listening. Caring and careful practices of the professors serve to improve the lives of the people that are close to them and to build a much friendlier and more supportive university. However, care activities are complex, undervalued and represent a double burden, which is why modifying university policies is an urgent task.
Schlagwörter:academia; academic care; Care; Ethnographie; higher education; Kolumbien; Latin America; neoliberal university; professor care; Professorin; Solidarität
CEWS Kategorie:Wissenschaft als Beruf, Geschlechterverhältnis
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Gleichstellungspolitische Aspekte von Personalstrukturen auf dem Weg zur Professur sowie befristeter Beschäftigung in der Wissenschaft
Autor/in:
Löther, Andrea
Quelle: GESIS - Leibniz-Institut für Sozialwissenschaften; Köln (cews.publik, 26), 2022. S 1–30
Details
Inhalt: Politische Diskussionen zu Karriere und Beschäftigungsbedingungen des wissenschaftlichen Nachwuchses fokussieren in den zurückliegenden Jahren insbesondere die Weiterentwicklung der Personalstrukturen und Maßnahmen der Personalgewinnung und -entwicklung und den hohen Anteil befristeter Beschäftigungsverhältnisse. Die Studie untersucht geschlechterpolitischne Implikationen von veränderten Personalstrukturen auf dem Weg zur Professur und befristeten Beschäftigungsverhältnisse an Hochschulen und Forschungseinrichtungen. Im Ergebnis werden jeweils kleinere Geschlechterdifferenzen deutlich, wobei eine Vielzahl an kleineren Benachteiligungen in unterschiedlichen Bereichen zur strukturellen Diskriminierung von Wissenschaftlerinnen kumulieren können. Frauen sind fast paritätisch an den Juniorprofessuren beteiligt, haben allerdings etwas seltener eine Tenure-Track-Professur inne. Beim Übergang in die Lebenszeitprofessur zeigen sich Geschlechterunterschiede vor allem bei Status und Verdienst (Zugang zu W3-Professuren). Geschlechterunterschiede bei Befristungen bestehen sowohl sowohl an Hochschulen als auch an Forschungseinrichtungen nach der Promotion und in Führungspositionen
Schlagwörter:Befristung; Beschäftigungsbedingungen; Forschungseinrichtung; Geschlechterunterschied; Geschlechterverhältnis; Hochschule; Juniorprofessur; Personalstruktur; Professur; tenure; Tenure Track; wissenschaftliche Karriere; wissenschaftlicher Nachwuchs
CEWS Kategorie:Wissenschaft als Beruf, Gleichstellungspolitik
Dokumenttyp:Graue Literatur, Bericht
Gender Differences in the Relationships Between Research Impact And Compensation And Promotion : A Case Study Among PHD/PHARMD Medical/Dental School Faculty
Autor/in:
McGee, Andrew; Lacy, Paige; Oswald, Anna; Rosychuk, Rhonda J.
Quelle: Canadian Journal of Higher Education, 52 (2022) 2, S 96–122
Details
Inhalt: We examine whether the effects of research impact on faculty compensation and promotion to full professor differ for male and female associate and full professors in the Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry at the University of Alberta. We exclude faculty with MDs and DDSs and proxy for research impact using the faculty member's h-index, where h represents the number of publications that have been cited at least h times. We find that while the compensation of male faculty members increases by 0.6% for every one-unit increase in the h-index, the compensation of female faculty is essentially uncorrelated with their h-indices. We likewise find that for female faculty to be promoted to full professor they have to have higher research impact proxies than their male peers. Our findings highlight the urgent need for more research on the gendered relationships between research impact and career rewards among faculty.
Schlagwörter:Beförderung; discrimination; Diskriminierung; full professor; gender pay gap; productivity; Produktivität; Professor*in; wage gap
CEWS Kategorie:Hochschulen, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Geschlechterverhältnis
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
The Gender Pay Gap in UK Medicine
Autor/in:
Jones, Melanie K.; Kaya, Ezgi
Quelle: (IZA Discussion Paper), 2021.
Details
Inhalt: „In this study we quantify the size and drivers of the contemporary gender pay gap among medical doctors employed in the UK public sector. In using nationally representative data from the Annual Survey of Hours and Earnings, we make comparisons to doctors employed in the private sector, as well as to other public sector medical professionals. We find that the substantial 20 per cent hourly gender pay gap among public sector doctors is far larger than in either of these comparator occupations. Decomposing the mean gender pay gap for public sector doctors, we find that it is largely unexplained by personal and work-related characteristics, consistent with evidence of potential substantial gender inequality in rewards. It is at the top end of the wage distribution where this is most pronounced indicating the presence of a ‚glass ceiling‘ in UK medicine.“
Schlagwörter:doctor; gender pay gap; medicine; public sector
CEWS Kategorie:Arbeitswelt und Arbeitsmarkt
Dokumenttyp:Graue Literatur, Bericht
She Figures 2021 : Gender in Research and Innovation - Statistics and Indicators
Autor/in:
European Commission
Quelle: Brussels, 2021.
Details
Inhalt: Equality between women and men is one of the EU’s founding values. Since the European Commission’s ERA Communication of 2012, gender equality in research and innovation (R&I) as a priority has been strengthened progressively. The She Figures 2021 publication uses the latest available statistics to monitor the state of gender equality R&I across Europe and beyond, through providing comparable data and analysis for approximately 88 indicators. The data follow the ‘chronological journey’ of women from graduating from doctoral studies to participating in the labour market and acquiring decision-making roles, while exploring differences in women’s and men’s working conditions and research and innovation output.
Schlagwörter:ERA; EU; Europa; Frauenanteil; Horizon 2020; Monitoring; Statistik
CEWS Kategorie:Europa und Internationales, Statistik und statistische Daten
Dokumenttyp:Graue Literatur, Bericht
She Figures 2021
Autor/in:
European Commission
Quelle: Brussels, 2021.
Details
Inhalt: The She Figures publication is the main source of pan European, comparable statistics on the state of gender equality in research and innovation.
Infographic
Handbook
Policy briefs
Video message by Commissioner Mariya Gabriel
User-friendly interface
Country fiches
Schlagwörter:ERA; EU; Europa; Frauenanteil; Horizon 2020; Monitoring; Statistik
CEWS Kategorie:Europa und Internationales, Statistik und statistische Daten, Geschlechterverhältnis
Dokumenttyp:Graue Literatur, Bericht
Longitudinal analyses of gender differences in first authorship publications related to COVID-19
Autor/in:
Lerchenmüller, Carolin; Schmallenbach, Leo; Jena, Anupam B.; Lerchenmueller, Marc J.
Quelle: BMJ Open, 11 (2021) 4
Details
Inhalt: Objective Concerns have been raised that the COVID-19 pandemic has shifted research productivity to the disadvantage of women in academia, particularly in early career stages. In this study, we aimed to assess the pandemic\textquoterights COVID-19-related research output appears particularly concerning as many disciplines informing the response to the pandemic had near equal gender shares of first authorship in the year prior to the pandemic. The acute productivity drain with the onset of the pandemic magnifies deep-rooted obstacles on the way to gender equity in scientific contribution.All data and source code generated and analysed during the current study can be accessed athttps://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/OOTXIW (Harvard Dataverse).
Schlagwörter:COVID-19; Forschungsproduktivität; Geschlechterunterschied; Publikation
CEWS Kategorie:Wissenschaft als Beruf, Geschlechterverhältnis
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Impacts of the COVID‐19 pandemic on the productivity of academics who mother
Autor/in:
Kasymova, Salima; Place, Jean Marie S.; Billings, Deborah L.; Aldape, Jesus D.
Quelle: Gend Work Organ (Gender, Work and Organization), (2021)
Details
Inhalt: The aim of the study is to document how academics who mother have reorganized work and childcare since the beginning of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic in the United States, how those shifts have affected their academic productivity, and solutions proposed by academics living these experiences. We collected data via an online survey and, subsequently, by conducting qualitative interviews with a subsample of participants. From June to August 2020, 131 female-identified academics who mother were recruited via a Facebook group, Academic Mamas, and participated in our online survey. Twenty participants were then interviewed via phone or Zoom to explore more deeply the experiences of academics who mother. Results of our research suggest that since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, the pressure on academics who mother is immense. Analysis of the qualitative data revealed three major themes: (1) inability to meet institutional expectations; (2) juggling work and family life; and (3) proposed solutions. Our results suggest that significant efforts must be made by academic institutions to acknowledge and value the childcare responsibilities of academics who mother and to create solutions that fully address the challenges they face in meeting the academic expectations and requirements that largely remain unmodified despite the pandemic.
Schlagwörter:COVID-19; Forschungsproduktivität; gender inequality; Geschlechterunterschied; Interview; mixed methods; motherhood; Mutterschaft; productivity; publication; survey; USA; Vereinbarkeit Beruf-Familie
CEWS Kategorie:Wissenschaft als Beruf, Geschlechterverhältnis
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Un/making academia: gendered precarities and personal lives in universities
Autor/in:
McKenzie, Lara
Quelle: Gender and Education, (2021) , S 1–18
Details
Inhalt: Recent scholarship on universities explores how academics’ families and partners restrict their careers and how academic labour limits these relationships, both in highly gendered ways. Such research less often considers how people’s close relations might unevenly support them in continuously relocating; dedicating unpaid time to ‘career development’; or taking on or influencing them to remain in short-term, poorly paid precarious roles. This paper explores precariously employed post-PhDs in Australia, investigating their gendered careers and personal lives. Drawing on interviews at three public universities, it shows how women with children and partners in particular raise concerns over how their relationships and work interact. Here, certain kinds of workers – men and single women, unencumbered by family responsibilities and restrictions on travel, and with access to financial resources – appear better able to navigate moves to more secure work. This paper argues that support from close relations is productive and restrictive for precarious academics’ careers.
Schlagwörter:academia career; akademische Karriere; Australia; Australien; familäre Verpflichtungen; Familie; family; gender inequality; Geschlechterungleichheit; Partnerbeziehung; Partnerschaft; partnership; prekäre Beschäftigung; Vereinbarkeit; work-life balance
CEWS Kategorie:Berufsbiographie und Karriere, Europa und Internationales, Vereinbarkeit Familie-Beruf, Geschlechterverhältnis
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
The Intersection of Racial and Gender Attitudes, 1977 through 2018
Autor/in:
Scarborough, William J.; Pepin, Joanna; Lambouths, Danny; et al.
Quelle: American Sociological Review, 86 (2021) 5, S 823–855
Details
Inhalt: Intersectionality scholars have long identified dynamic configurations of race and gender ideologies. Yet, survey research on racial and gender attitudes tends to treat these components as independent. We apply latent class analysis to a set of racial and gender attitude items from the General Social Survey (1977 to 2018) to identify four configurations of individuals’ simultaneous views on race and gender. Two of these configurations hold unified progressive or regressive racial and gender attitudes. The other two formations have discordant racial and gender attitudes, where progressive views on one aspect combine with regressive views on the other. In the majority of survey years, the most commonly held configuration endorsed gender equality but espoused new racialist views that attributed racial disparities to cultural deficiencies. This perspective has become increasingly common since 1977 and is most prevalent among White women and White men, likely due to racial-group interest. Black women and Black men, in contrast, are more likely to embrace progressive racial and gender attitudes. We argue that White men’s gender egalitarianism may be rooted in self-interest, aimed at acquiring resources through intimate relationships. In contrast, Black men adopt progressive racial and gender attitudes to form a necessary coalition with Black women to challenge racism.
Schlagwörter:gender attitudes; General Social Survey; intersectionality; Meinungsumfrage; public discourse; racial attitude; USA
CEWS Kategorie:Europa und Internationales, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Gender Disparity in Citations in High-Impact Journal Articles
Autor/in:
Chatterjee, Paula; Werner, Rachel M.
Quelle: JAMA network open, 4 (2021) 7, S 1–8
Details
Inhalt: Question: Are academic articles written by men and women in high-impact medical journals cited differently? Findings: In this cross-sectional study of 5554 articles, those written by women primary or senior authors had fewer citations than those written by men primary or senior authors. Articles written by women as both primary and senior authors had approximately half the number of citations as those authored by men as both primary and senior authors. Meaning These findings suggest that gender-based differences in article citations may be a key contributor to disparities in the advancement and promotion of women in academic medicine.
Schlagwörter:citation; citation gap; gender bias; gender differences; publication
CEWS Kategorie:Geschlechterverhältnis
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Peer review and gender bias: A study on 145 scholarly journals
Autor/in:
Squazzoni, Flaminio; Bravo, Giangiacomo; Farjam Mike; Marusic, Ana; Mehmani, Bahar
Quelle: Science Advances, 7 (2021) 2, S 1–12
Details
Inhalt: Scholarly journals are often blamed for a gender gap in publication rates, but it is unclear whether peer review and editorial processes contribute to it. This article examines gender bias in peer review with data for 145 journals in various fields of research, including about 1.7 million authors and 740,000 referees. We reconstructed three possible sources of bias, i.e., the editorial selection of referees, referee recommendations, and editorial decisions, and examined all their possible relationships. Results showed that manuscripts written by women as solo authors
or coauthored by women were treated even more favorably by referees and editors. Although there were some differences between fields of research, our findings suggest that peer review and editorial processes do not penalize manuscripts by women. However, increasing gender diversity in editorial teams and referee pools could help journals inform potential authors about their attention to these factors and so stimulate participation by women.
Schlagwörter:gender bias; Peer Review; publication; woman in academia
CEWS Kategorie:Wissenschaft als Beruf, Geschlechterverhältnis
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Publishing, signaling, social capital, and gender: Determinants of becoming a tenured professor in German political science
Autor/in:
Schröder, Martin; Lutter, Mark; Habicht, Isabel M.
Quelle: PLOS ONE (PLOS ONE), 16 (2021) 1
Details
Inhalt: We apply event history analysis to analyze career and publication data of virtually all political scientists in German university departments, showing that each published refereed journal article increases a political scientist's chance for tenure by 9 percent, while other publications affect the odds for tenure only marginally and in some cases even negatively. Each received award and third party funding increases the odds for tenure by respectively 41 and 26 percent, while international experience, social capital and children hardly have a strong influence. Surprisingly, having degrees from a German university of excellence strongly decreases the odds for tenure. Women with similar credentials have at least 20 percent higher odds to get tenure than men. Our data therefore suggests that the lower factual hiring rates of women are better explained by a leaky pipeline, e.g. women leaving academia, rather than because women are not hired even when they are as productive as men. The article contributes to a better understanding of the role of meritocratic and non-meritocratic factors in achieving highly competitive job positions.
Ein paar Auszüge: SSCI Publikationen sind besonders wichtig. Ähnliche Signalwirkungen haben Drittmittelprojekte und wissenschaftliche Auszeichnungen. Frauen mit gleichen Charakteristika wie Männer haben keine schlechteren Chancen, berufen zu werden. Danach interessierte uns, warum einige Wissenschaftlerinnen und Wissenschaftler produktiver sind.
Schlagwörter:German higher education system; Hiring Decision; meritocracy; political science; Politikwissenschaft; Professor*in; publication; Publikation; Rekrutierung; soziales Kapital
CEWS Kategorie:Berufsbiographie und Karriere, Geschlechterverhältnis
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
How human capital, universities of excellence, third party funding, mobility and gender explain productivity in German political science
Autor/in:
Habicht, Isabel M.; Lutter, Mark; Schröder, Martin
Quelle: Scientometrics (Scientometrics), (2021) , S 1–27
Details
Inhalt: Using a unique panel dataset of virtually all German academic political scientists, we show that researchers become much more productive due to the accumulation of human capital and third party funding. We also show however, that while universities of excellence have more productive researchers, individuals who go there do not become more productive. Finally, we show how women publish only 9 percent less than men with the same level of prior publication experience, but are about 26 percent less productive over their entire career, as early productivity leads to later productivity, so that women increasingly fall behind. These results cannot be explained through the influence of childbearing. Rather, they support the ‘theory of limited differences’, which argues that small differences in early productivity accumulate to large differences over entire careers, as early success encourages later success. Apart from generally showing why political scientists publish more or less, we specifically identify accumulative advantage as the principal reason why women increasingly fall behind men over the course of their careers.
Hier zeigen wir, dass Wissenschaftlerinnen und Wissenschaftler an Exzellenzuniversitäten produktiver sind („Bestenauslese“). Doch dieselbe Wissenschaftlerin / Wissenschaftler wird nicht produktiver, weil man dort hin geht. Die wichtigsten Prädiktoren späterer Produktivität sind vorherige Produktivität und Drittmitteleinwerbungen. Dass Frauen weniger publizieren, können wir nicht darauf zurückführen, dass sie seltener auf höhere Karrierestufen kommen („leaky pipeline“), sondern vielmehr auf geringere Publikationserfahrung zu Beginn ihrer akademischen Laufbahn. Frauen publizieren also anfangs weniger, und da frühe Publikationserfahrung zu mehr Produktivität führt, wird der Abstand zu Männern im Verlaufe einer Karriere immer größer. Dies wiederum kann man nicht damit erklären, dass Kinder die Produktivität von Frauen stärker senken als von Männern.
Schlagwörter:academic career; Bestenauswahl; Drittmittel; Exzellenzinitiative; Forschungsförderung; funding; German higher education system; Geschlechterunterschied; human capital; Humankapital; political science; Produktivität; publication; Publikationsverhalten; wissenschaftliche Karriere
CEWS Kategorie:Berufsbiographie und Karriere, Wissenschaft als Beruf, Geschlechterverhältnis
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Ein Jahr Corona: Ausblick Zukunft der Arbeit
Herausgeber/in:
Filipič, Ursula; Schönauer, Annika; Arbeiterkammer Wien
Quelle: Arbeiterkammer Wien; Wien (Sozialpolitik in Diskussion, 23), 2021. 97 S
Details
Inhalt: Der vorliegende Band von "Sozialpolitik in Diskussion" ist Teil einer Reihe von Publikationen, die auf einem "Call for Presentations" und darauf aufbauenden Veranstaltungen im Rahmen einer Kooperation der Arbeiterkammer Wien mit dem Forschungsnetzwerk universitäre und außeruniversitäre Sozialforschung (SOZNET) beruhen (vgl. Filipič/Schönauer 2018; 2020). Call und Veranstaltungen zielen darauf ab, v. a. jungen Wissenschafter*innen aus unterschiedlichen Institutionen und Disziplinen eine Möglichkeit zur Präsentation und Diskussion von Forschungsbefunden aus laufenden oder abgeschlossenen Forschungsprojekten, Dissertationen und Masterarbeiten zu geben. Darüber hinaus sollte damit Gelegenheit zur Vernetzung und zum Wissens- und Erfahrungstransfer zwischen den Beteiligten bzw. zwischen Wissenschaft und Praxis geboten werden. Die im vergangenen Jahr notwendigen Präventionsmaßnahmen zur Pandemiebekämpfung stellten die Vorbereitungen für die Veranstaltung 2020 jedoch gehörig auf den Kopf. Konnte der "Call for Presentations" zum breit angelegten Thema "Zukunft der Arbeit - Arbeit der Zukunft" Ende 2019/Anfang 2020 noch wie gehabt durchgeführt werden, sah es mit der darauf aufbauenden Veranstaltung ganz anders aus: Die Pandemie hatte Österreich erreicht, die Veranstaltung musste zuerst verschoben und schlussendlich abgesagt werden. Rasch war aber klar, dass wir weder auf den Austausch zwischen Wissenschaft und Praxis noch auf die abschließende Publikation verzichten wollten. Die Entwicklungen machten darüber hinaus auch deutlich: Die eingereichten Texte zur Zukunft der Arbeit waren einerseits hochaktuell und verlangten andererseits nach einer Reflexion vor dem Hintergrund der Corona-Pandemie. Wir freuen uns sehr, dass insgesamt zwölf der für die ursprüngliche Veranstaltung ausgewählten Wissenschafter*innen unserer Einladung folgten, ihre Forschungsthemen in einen Band mit dem neuen Titel "Ein Jahr Corona: Ausblick Zukunft der Arbeit" einzubringen. Um in möglichst direkten Kontakt miteinander zu treten, entwarfen wir einen Peer-Review-Prozess. In neun einstündigen Online-Meetings wurden die Einreichungen von jeweils anderen Autor*innen des Sammelbandes sowie externen Expert*innen aus der Wissenschaft und der Arbeiterkammer Wien begutachtet und gemeinsam diskutiert. Die vorliegenden Texte sind das Ergebnis dieses intensiven Prozesses.
Schlagwörter:labor market trend; Epidemie; epidemic; Gesundheitspolitik; Familie-Beruf; work-family balance; digitalization; reproduction; social inequality; crisis management (econ., pol.); deprivation; health policy; Strukturwandel; structural change; world of work; multiple stress; social policy; soziale Folgen; Benachteiligung; Arbeitswelt; Mehrfachbelastung; Digitalisierung; Beschäftigungsform; type of employment; Krisenmanagement; Arbeitsmarktentwicklung; Reproduktion; gender-specific factors; Flexibilität; soziale Ungleichheit; Sozialpolitik; social effects; flexibility; Corona; Bewältigung
SSOAR Kategorie:Industrie- und Betriebssoziologie, Arbeitssoziologie, industrielle Beziehungen, Arbeitswelt, Sozialpolitik
Dokumenttyp:Sammelwerk
Pitching Gender in a Racist Tune: The Affective Publics of the #120decibel Campaign
Autor/in:
Adlung, Shari; Lünenborg, Margreth; Raetzsch, Christoph
Quelle: Media and Communication, 9 (2021) 2, S 16-26
Details
Inhalt: This article analyses the changed structures, actors and modes of communication that characterise 'dissonant public spheres.' With the #120decibel campaign by the German Identitarian Movement in 2018, gender and migration were pitched in a racist tune, absorbing feminist concerns and positions into neo-nationalistic, misogynist and xenophobic propaganda. The article examines the case of #120decibel as an instance of 'affective publics' (Lünenborg, 2019a) where forms of feminist protest and emancipatory hashtag activism are absorbed by anti-migration campaigners. Employing the infrastructure and network logics of social media platforms, the campaign gained public exposure and sought political legitimacy through strategies of dissonance, in which a racial solidarity against the liberal state order was formed. Parallel structures of networking and echo-chamber amplification were established, where right-wing media articulate fringe positions in an attempt to protect the rights of white women to be safe in public spaces. #120decibel is analysed and discussed here as characteristic of the ambivalent role and dynamics of affective publics in societies challenged by an increasing number of actors forming an alliance on anti-migration issues based on questionable feminist positions.
Schlagwörter:Populismus; populism; Rassismus; racism; Sexismus; sexism; Diskurs; discourse; politische Rechte; political right; #120decibel; Germany; affective publics; dissonant public spheres; feminism; hashjacking; migration; right-wing activism
SSOAR Kategorie:politische Willensbildung, politische Soziologie, politische Kultur
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Race equality in the higher education sector : Analysis commissioned by the Higher Education Authority
Autor/in:
Kempny, Marta; Michael, Lucy
Quelle: Higher Education Authority; Dublin, 2021.
Details
Inhalt: National Online Survey: Race Equality in Irish Higher Education Institutions The HEA has a statutory responsibility to promote the attainment of equality of opportunity in higher education (HE). The HEA is committed to addressing racial inequalities in higher education and to supporting Irish Higher education institutions (HEIs) to create an inclusive culture and environment where individuals are able to thrive, irrespective of their ethnic background. As part of the HEA’s ongoing work in the area of staff equality, diversity and inclusion, further to the collection of data on HEI staff by gender, from 2020 HEIs are requested to return staff ethnicity data to the HEA. In this context, the Athena SWAN Ireland Intersectionality Working Group was established in 2019 by the National Committee for Athena SWAN in Ireland with an initial goal to develop a cross-sectoral approach to collecting data on staff and student ethnicity in the Irish higher education sector. The group is open to staff members from HEIs with academic or professional expertise in this area as well as representatives from the HEA. In 2020, the working group produced a statement (see Appendix 2) to provide staff in HEIs with information on the rationale for collecting ethnicity data and the complexities of categorisation. The statement also provides some context for race equality work in higher education, as well as recommended actions for HEIs to consider. The statement has been endorsed by 25 HEIs, as well as by the Irish Universities Association and the Technological Higher Education Association.
In late 2020/early 2021, the HEA conducted a national survey of HEI staff to develop a picture of race equality across the Irish higher education sector. For the purposes of the survey, race equality was defined as ‘equal representation, equal experiences and equal outcomes of staff from minority ethnic groups’. The survey was developed by the HEA Centre of Excellence for Equality, Diversity and Inclusion, in collaboration with the Athena SWAN Ireland Intersectionality Working Group. The HEA ran the national online survey on race equality in HEIs from December 8th 2020 until January 31st 2021. All staff working in HEIs in the Republic of Ireland, regardless of ethnic background or nationality, were invited to participate. 3,323 staff in Irish HEIs responded to the survey. As the aim of the survey was to capture the lived experience of HEI staff in relation to race equality, a number of open questions were used in the survey, leading to 6,536 individual open text responses to the survey. The survey results are collated here to provide an overall picture of race equality across the Irish higher education sector and to help to identify areas for improvement, as well as ways to make those improvements. Survey Data While some of the questions in this survey have fixed answers, we have included as many open text boxes as possible, to give respondents an opportunity to detail their own experience of race equality in Irish HE. Staff have not been asked for names or contact details, but to understand answers in more context participants were asked to provide some personal demographic information as part of this survey. The amount of information provided is up to participants. Where a participant did not wish to disclose information, they had the option to choose the ‘prefer not to say’ option. No data was collected in relation to institutional affiliation and no information relating to individual responses will be shared with HEIs. The survey adopted the most recent revision of ethnicity categories for the Census 2022. [https://www.cso.ie/en/media/csoie/census/census2021/Census_Pilot_Survey_Report_2018_V1. pdf] (see page 15). The invitation to identify one’s ethnicity in the census has largely involved a mix of physical characteristics or race (White, Black, Asian etc), subcategorised by nationality e.g., Irish, Chinese, and in the case of Irish Travellers, further subcategorised by a specific ethnic identifier. The 2022 categories also include the grouping Indian/Pakistani/Bangladeshi as a subcategory of ‘Asian’ for the first time. The Census categories were adopted explicitly to allow for comparison
All data collected through this survey is held securely and confidentially, in accordance with the General Data Protection Regulation 2018 and the Data Protection Act 2018. The data will not be used for any purpose other than providing an overall picture of race equality across the Irish higher education sector. We understand the collection of staff and student ethnicity data to be central to the implementation of the Public Sector Equality and Human Rights Duty, deriving from section 42 of the Irish Human Rights and Equality Act (2014). Under this Act, all public Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) must undertake assessment and monitoring, and have policies and plans to promote equality, prevent discrimination, and protect the human rights of staff, students, and the wider public that are served by the work of HEIs. The HEA has a legal obligation under The Higher Education Act (1971) to promote equality in the higher education secto
Schlagwörter:Diversity; Ethnicity; harassment; higher education; Ireland; Irland; microaggression; race; race discrimination; survey
CEWS Kategorie:Diversity, Hochschulen
Dokumenttyp:Graue Literatur, Bericht
Researching Gender Inequalities in Academic Labour during the COVID‐19 Pandemic: Avoiding Common Problems and Asking Different Questions
Autor/in:
Pereira, Maria do Mar
Quelle: Gend Work Organ (Gender, Work and Organization), (2021)
Details
Inhalt: As the COVID‐19 pandemic unfolds, a growing body of international literature is analysing the effects of the pandemic on academic labour and, specifically, on gender inequalities in academia. In that literature, much attention has been devoted to comparing the unequal impacts of COVID‐19 on the research activities of women and men, with studies demonstrating that women's research productivity has been disproportionately disrupted, in ways that are likely to have detrimental effects in the short‐ and long‐term. In this paper, I discuss that emerging literature on gender inequalities in pandemic academic productivity. I reflect on the questions asked, the issues centred and the assumptions made within this literature, devoting particular attention to how authors conceptualise academic labour and productivity, on the one hand, and gender, on the other. I show that this literature makes major contributions to exposing old and new gender inequalities in academia, but argue that it also risks reproducing some problematic assumptions about gender and about academic work. Discussing those assumptions and their effects, I identify some important questions for us to consider as we expand this literature and deepen our understanding of the complex gendered effects of COVID‐19 on academic labour.
Schlagwörter:academia; COVID-19; gender inequality; Geschlechterungleichheit; Hochschule; productivity; Produktivität; publication; Publikation; wissenschaftliche Arbeit
CEWS Kategorie:Geschlechterverhältnis
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Women in Academic Economics: Have We Made Progress?
Autor/in:
Ginther, Donna K.; Kahn, Shulamit
Quelle: (NBER Working Paper), 2021.
Details
Inhalt: „This study uses data from Academic Analytics to examine gender differences in promotion to associate professor in economics. We found that women in economics were 15% less likely to be promoted to associate professor after controlling for cumulative publications, citations, grants and grant dollars. In contrast, we found no significant gender differences in promotion in other fields including biomedical science, physical science, political science, mathematics and statistics, and engineering. We separated the sample by the research intensity of institutions and found suggestive evidence that these results were being driven by less research-intensive institutions.“
Schlagwörter:citation gap; economics; gender bias; research grant; woman professor
CEWS Kategorie:Hochschulen, Wissenschaft als Beruf
Dokumenttyp:Graue Literatur, Bericht
Violence and harassment in the world of work: A guide on Convention No. 190 and Recommendation No. 206
Herausgeber/in:
International Labour Organization
Quelle: International Labour Organization; Geneva, 2021.
Details
Inhalt: Adopted on 21 June 2019, the Violence and Harassment Convention (No. 190) and Recommendation (No. 206), 2019, are the most recent additions to the realm of international labour law. With their adoption, the right of everyone to a world of work free from violence and harassment has been clearly spelled out in international law, along with States’ obligation to respect, promote and realize this right. These instruments represent a piece of paramount importance towards the achievement of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, particularly Sustainable Development Goals 5 (gender equality) and 8 (decent work and economic growth).
Convention No. 190 brings together equality and non-discrimination with safety and health at work
in one instrument, and places human dignity and respect at its core. The Convention recognizes that
violence and harassment can constitute a human rights violation or abuse, and provides, for the first
time, a single composite concept of violence and harassment (Art. 1) 5. The Convention requires
Member States to adopt an inclusive, integrated and gender-responsive approach to prevent and
address such behaviours in the world of work (Art. 4(2)). This approach envisages action on prevention,
protection, enforcement, remedies, guidance, training and awareness raising (Arts 4, 7–11), and takes into
account third parties as both victims and perpetrators. In adopting this approach, Convention No. 190
requires States to recognize the different and complementary roles and functions of governments,
employers and workers, and their respective organizations, taking into account the varying nature
and extent of their respective responsibilities (Arts 4(3) and 9).
The Convention has a broad personal scope of protection (Article 2) and seeks to address violence
and harassment that occurs “in the course of, linked with or arising out of work”, both in the
formal and informal economy, and whether in the private or public sector (Article 3). The Convention
has a strong focus on inclusivity (Arts 2 and 6) as well as accessibility (Arts 4(2), 9(d), 11(b)), and
acknowledges that some groups and workers in certain sectors, occupations and work arrangements are
especially vulnerable to violence and harassment (Arts 6 and 8). It embeds a strong gender-responsive
perspective with a view to tackling root causes of discriminatory forms of violence and harassment.
Convention No. 190 and Recommendation No. 206 reaffirm the ILO’s crucial standard-setting role. They
are tangible evidence of the enduring value and strength of social dialogue among governments,
employers’ representatives and workers’ representatives, and that social dialogue and tripartism
are essential to implementing these standards at the national level.
Schlagwörter:anti-discrimination; Antidiskriminierung; Arbeitsplatz; Belästigung; Beschäftigung; harassment; international; worker
CEWS Kategorie:Arbeitswelt und Arbeitsmarkt, Europa und Internationales, Sexuelle Belästigung und Gewalt
Dokumenttyp:Graue Literatur, Bericht
The Gender Gap in the EU’s Public Employment and Leadership : Mapping promising measures for gender equality and equal opportunities in the EU27
Herausgeber/in:
The European Parliament‘s Committee on Women’s Rights and Gender Equality (FEMM)
Quelle: The European Parliament‘s Committee on Women’s Rights and Gender Equality (FEMM); , 2021.
Details
Inhalt: “This Study has been commissioned by the European Parliament’s Policy Department for Citizens’ Rights and Constitutional Affairs at the request of the FEMM Committee. It provides a situational analysis of the gender gap in EU and Member States’ public sector, administration and sphere and identifies promising policy measures for reducing it.“
Schlagwörter:equality; European Union; gender gap; leadership
CEWS Kategorie:Europa und Internationales, Gleichstellungspolitik
Dokumenttyp:Graue Literatur, Bericht
Upward convergence in gender equality: How close is the Union of equality?
Herausgeber/in:
European Institute for Gender Equality (EIGE)
Quelle: European Institute for Gender Equality (EIGE); , 2021.
Details
Inhalt: "Over the last decade, the EU has made slow progress towards gender equality. As achievements in gender equality vary considerably by Member State, it is important to understand the evolution of disparities between the Member States and the implications this has for upward economic and social convergence in the EU. Crucially, the impact of the COVID-19 crisis not only threatens to undo past achievements but may well result in increasing disparities between Member States. This policy brief, which was jointly prepared by Eurofound and EIGE, investigates patterns of convergence in gender equality as measured by the Gender Equality Index in the Member States over the 2010–2018 period.”
Schlagwörter:European Union; gender equality; member state
CEWS Kategorie:Europa und Internationales, Gleichstellungspolitik
Dokumenttyp:Graue Literatur, Bericht
Gender-based homophily in research: A large-scale study of man-woman collaboration
Autor/in:
Kwiek, Marek; Roszka, Wojciech
Quelle: Journal of Informetrics, 15 (2021) 3
Details
Inhalt: We examined the male-female collaboration practices of all internationally visible Polish university professors (N = 25,463) based on their Scopus-indexed publications from 2009–2018 (158,743 journal articles). We merged a national registry of 99,935 scientists (with full administrative and biographical data) with the Scopus publication database, using probabilistic and deterministic record linkage. Our unique biographical, administrative, publication, and citation database (“The Polish Science Observatory”) included all professors with at least a doctoral degree employed in 85 research-involved universities. We determined what we term an “individual publication portfolio” for every professor, and we examined the respective impacts of biological age, academic position, academic discipline, average journal prestige, and type of institution on the same-sex collaboration ratio. The gender homophily principle (publishing predominantly with scientists of the same sex) was found to apply to male scientists—but not to females. The majority of male scientists collaborate solely with males; most female scientists, in contrast, do not collaborate with females at all. Across all age groups studied, all-female collaboration is marginal, while all-male collaboration is pervasive. Gender homophily in research-intensive institutions proved stronger for males than for females. Finally, we used a multi-dimensional fractional logit regression model to estimate the impact of gender and other individual-level and institutional-level independent variables on gender homophily in research collaboration.
Schlagwörter:authorship; bibliometric analysis; Forschungskooperation; gender gap; Geschlechterunterschied; homophily; Publishing; research collaboration; scientific career; sex difference; sociology of science; wissenschaftliche Karriere; Wissenschaftssoziologie
CEWS Kategorie:Wissenschaft als Beruf, Geschlechterverhältnis
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Factors associated with female students' past year experience of sexual violence in South African public higher education settings: A cross-sectional study
Autor/in:
Machisa, Mercilene T.; Chirwa, Esnat D.; Mahlangu, Pinky; Sikweyiya, Yandisa; Nunze, Ncediswa; Dartnall, Elizabeth; Pillay, Managa; Jewkes, Rachel
Quelle: PLOS ONE (PLOS ONE), 16 (2021) 12
Details
Inhalt: BACKGROUND
Intimate partner sexual violence and non-partner rape experiences are widely reported by female students in South African higher education institutions, as they are globally. However, limited research has focused on investigating vulnerability factors, which is vital for informing interventions.
OBJECTIVE
To describe the factors and inter-relationships associated with female students' increased vulnerability to past year experience of partner sexual violence and non-partner rape in South African higher education settings.
METHODS
We interviewed 1293 female students, i.e., 519 students in six Technical Vocational Education and Training (TVET) college campuses and 774 students at three university campuses. Participants were volunteers aged 18-30. The measured vulnerability factors included childhood sexual abuse, other trauma, mental ill-health, risky sexual behaviours, food insecurity, partner violence, and controlling behaviours. We used bivariate analysis, logistic regression, and structural equation modelling methods.
RESULTS
Twenty percent of participants experienced past-year sexual violence (17% partner sexual violence and 7.5% non-partner rape). Childhood sexual abuse had direct effects on experiencing past year sexual violence and physical, emotional partner violence or controlling behaviours. Risky sexual behaviours mediated the relationships of childhood sexual abuse or harmful alcohol use and past-year sexual violence experience. Mental ill-health mediated the relationships between childhood sexual abuse, other traumatic exposures, food insecurity, physical, emotional partner violence or controlling behaviours, and past-year partner sexual violence or non-partner rape experience.
CONCLUSIONS
Risky sexual behaviours, gender inequitable relationship dynamics, mental ill-health, and food insecurity are related and amenable vulnerability factors associated with female students' sexual violence experiences. Therefore, addressing these through comprehensive campus interventions, which are implemented when students first enrol in higher education and are most vulnerable to sexual violence, is critical. Society-wide sexual violence prevention is also imperative.
Schlagwörter:Missbrauch; rape; sexual abuse; sexual education; sexuelle Gewalt; South Africa; Studienanfänger*in; Südafrika; university; Vergewaltigung
CEWS Kategorie:Europa und Internationales, Sexuelle Belästigung und Gewalt
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Gender Imbalance in the Editorial Activities of a Researcher-led Journal
Autor/in:
Malkinson, Tal Seidel; Terhune, Devin B.; Kollamkulam, Mathew; Guerreiro, Maria J.; Bassett, Danielle S.; Makin, Tamara R.
Quelle: bioRxiv - The preprint server for biology, (2021) , S 1–30
Details
Inhalt: Editorial decision-making is a fundamental element of the scientific enterprise. We examined whether contributions to editorial decisions at various stages of the publication process is subject to gender disparity, based on analytics collected by the biomedical researcher-led journal eLife. Despite efforts to increase women representation, the board of reviewing editors (BRE) was men-dominant (69%). Moreover, authors suggested more men from the BRE pool, even after correcting for men’s numerical over-representation. Although women editors were proportionally involved in the initial editorial process, they were under-engaged in editorial activities involving reviewers and authors. Additionally, converging evidence showed gender homophily in manuscripts assignment, such that men Senior Editors over-engaged men Reviewing Editors. This tendency was stronger in more gender-balanced scientific disciplines.
Together, our findings confirm that gender disparities exist along the editorial process and suggest that merely increasing the proportion of women might not be sufficient to eliminate this bias.
Schlagwörter:editorial board; publication
CEWS Kategorie:Geschlechterverhältnis
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Hochschulranking nach Gleichstellungsaspekten 2021
Autor/in:
Löther, Andrea
Quelle: GESIS - Leibniz-Institut für Sozialwissenschaften; Köln (cews.publik, 24), 2021.
Details
Inhalt: Mit dem Hochschulranking nach Gleichstellungsaspekten 2021 liegt die zehnte Ausgabe dieses etablierten und langjährigen Instruments zur Qualitätssicherung für Gleichstellung an Hochschulen vor. Das Ranking beruht auf einem mehrdimensionalen Indikatorenmodell und berücksichtigt über das Kaskadenmodell die Fächerprofile der Hochschulen. Verwendet wurden Daten der amtlichen Hochschulstatistik für das Jahr 2019. Zusätzlich zu dem Hochschulranking beinhaltet die Veröffentlichung ein Ranking der Bundesländer, das auf ähnlichen Indikatoren beruht. Die Veröffentlichung wendet sich an alle, die in Hochschulen und Politik an der Qualität und dem Innovationspotenzial unserer Hochschulen interessiert sind.
Schlagwörter:Geschlecht; Geschlechterverhältnis; Gleichstellung; Hochschule; ranking; Statistik
CEWS Kategorie:Statistik und statistische Daten, Hochschulen, Geschlechterverhältnis
Dokumenttyp:Graue Literatur, Bericht
Corona, Care, and Political Masculinity: Gender-Critical Perspectives on Governing the COVID-19 Pandemic in Austria
Titelübersetzung:Corona, Sorge und politische Männlichkeit: Eine geschlechterkritische Perspektive auf das Regieren der COVID-19 Pandemie in Österreich
Autor/in:
Dursun, Ayse; Kettner, Verena; Sauer, Birgit
Quelle: Historical Social Research, 46 (2021) 4, S 50-71
Details
Inhalt: The article departs from the contradiction that the importance of care for society was publicly acknowledged during the COVID-19 pandemic, but the pandemic response of the Austrian government did not challenge the structurally devalued status of care. In order to sustain the hegemonic patriarchal-capitalist governance of care and social reproduction in the pandemic government actors had to reframe care. We investigate government discourses that normalised its careless crisis management and interrogate the role political masculinity and affects played therein. Based on our analysis of a set of selected press conferences held in March 2020, we find that a new mode of rational-affective political masculinity was constitutive of the political management of COVID-19 crisis. With help of this hybrid mode of masculinity, political actors reinterpreted care first and foremost as healthcare and caring for the economy, and as caring for the population in terms of biopolitics. At the same time, caring tasks in the 'private' sphere were left to the personal responsibility of individuals and families. In order to generate consent, political actors frequently invoked affects that pertained to risk and danger on the one hand and solidarity and responsibility on the other.
Schlagwörter:Österreich; Austria; Pflege; caregiving; Reproduktion; reproduction; Gesundheitspolitik; health policy; Krisenmanagement; crisis management (econ., pol.); politischer Akteur; political actor; Männlichkeit; masculinity; Biopolitik; biotechnology policy; Hegemonie; hegemony; Gender; gender; rational-affective masculinity; reframing care; care for the economy; solidarity; nationality; Corona; COVID-19; global pandemic; biopolitics
SSOAR Kategorie:politische Willensbildung, politische Soziologie, politische Kultur, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Gender Inequalities and the Effects of Feminine Artworks on Public Spaces: A Dialogue
Autor/in:
Alizadeh, Hooshmand; Kohlbacher, Josef; Mohammed-Amin, Rozhen Kamal; Raouf, Tabin Latif
Quelle: Social Inclusion, 9 (2021) 4, S 158-167
Details
Inhalt: Feminist street art aims to transform patriarchal spaces into places of gendered resistance by asserting a feminist presence in the city. Considering this, as well as women’s social life, their struggle against lingering forces of patriarchy, and relating features of inequality (domestic violence), there was a feminist installation artwork by the young Kurdish artist Tara Abdulla that shook the city of Sulaimani in Iraqi Kurdistan on 26 October 2020. She had prepared a 4,800‐meter‐long washing line covered with the clothes of 99,678 Kurdish women who were survivors of sexual and gender‐based violence. They installed it along the busiest street of the city (Salim Street). She used this piece of feminine to express her reaction to the Kurdish society regarding, the abuse that goes on silently, behind closed doors. She also aimed towards normalizing women’s bodies. After the installation, she received many controversial reactions. As her artwork was a pioneering project in line with feminist issues in Kurdistan which preoccupied the city for quite a while, the aim of this article is to investigate the diverse effects of her work on the current dialogue regarding gender inequality in the Kurdish society. To do this, we used the research method of content analysis on big data (Facebook comments) to investigate the public reactions of a larger number of locals. The Feminine effectively exposed some of the deep‐rooted cultural, religious, and social barriers in addressing gender inequalities and silent sexual violence issues in the modern Kurdish patriarchal society.
Schlagwörter:öffentlicher Raum; public space; Kunstwerk; work of art; Feminismus; feminism; soziale Ungleichheit; social inequality; gender-specific factors; woman; Kurdistan; Kurdistan; Facebook reactions; Sulaimani; feminist street art; gender inequalities dialogue
SSOAR Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Kultursoziologie, Kunstsoziologie, Literatursoziologie
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Horizon Europe guidance on gender equality plans
Autor/in:
European Commission
Quelle: Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2021.
Details
Inhalt: This Guidance supports organisations to meet the Gender Equality Plan (GEP) eligibility criterion of the Horizon Europe Framework Programme for Research and Innovation 2021-2027. For Horizon Europe calls for proposals with deadlines in 2022 and beyond, applying public bodies, research organisations and higher education institutions, from EU Member States and associated countries, must have a GEP or equivalent strategy in place to be eligible for funding. This Guidance presents the components of the eligibility criterion as set by the European Commission, explains what these requirements mean in practice when developing and implementing a GEP or reviewing the equivalence of existing plans or policies, and provides concrete practical examples, building on existing materials, good practices and various resources that support gender equality in research and innovation (R&I) at national and institutional levels.
This Guidance supports organisations to meet the Gender Equality Plan (GEP) eligibility criterion of Horizon Europe. Certain categories of legal entities applying to Horizon Europe must have a GEP or equivalent strategy in place to be eligible for funding. The Guidance builds on existing materials and resources that support gender equality in research and innovation (R&I), in particular the Gender Equality in Academia and Research (GEAR) tool, co-developed by the European Institute for Gender Equality (EIGE) and the European Commission’s Directorate General for Research and Innovation, that includes further advice, case studies and resources for developing
a GEP. This Guidance: a. Presents the components of the eligibility criterion as set by the European Commission and detailed in the Horizon Europe technical and administrative documents;
b. Explains what these requirements mean in practice when developing and implementing a GEP or reviewing the equivalence of existing plans or policies;
c. Provides examples to illustrate the steps taken by other organisations and identifies guidance or resources that are already available.
Schlagwörter:gender equality plan; Gleichstellungspolitik; Horizon Europe; Organisational Change; research
CEWS Kategorie:Europa und Internationales, Gleichstellungspolitik
Dokumenttyp:Monographie
Women and Global South strikingly underrepresented among top‐publishing ecologists
Autor/in:
Maas, Bea; Pakeman, Robin J.; Godet, Laurent; Smith, Linnea; Devictor, Vincent; Primack, Richard
Quelle: Conservation Letters, (2021)
Details
Inhalt: Die meisten Veröffentlichungen in führenden wissenschaftlichen Fachzeitschriften stammen von männlichen Autoren aus englischsprachigen Ländern. Daran hat sich seit 1945 nur wenig und langsam etwas geändert. Zu dem Schluss kommt Bea Maas von der Universität Wien, die sich in einer aktuellen Studie der (nicht gegebenen) Vielfalt in der Top-Autorenschaft gewidmet hat. Die Studie zeigt, dass Frauen und Expert*innen des Globalen Südens kaum in dieser Liste vertreten sind. Die Ergebnisse wurden in der Fachzeitschrift "Conservation Letters" veröffentlicht.
Für die aktuelle Studie wurden die Eigenschaften von 1051 Top-Autor*innen, jenen Wissenschafter*innen mit den meisten Publikationen in den 13 führenden Fachzeitschriften für Ökologie und Naturschutz untersucht. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Frauen und der Globale Süden kaum in dieser Liste vertreten sind. "Die Gesamtliste der Top-Autor*innen enthält nur 11% Frauen. Und 75% der Artikel stammen aus nur fünf Ländern des Globalen Nordens", so Bea Maas, Hauptautorin der Studie. "Dieses massive Ungleichgewicht in der wissenschaftlichen Autorenschaft ist äußerst bedenklich, besonders im Bereich Ökologie und Naturschutz, wo vielfältige Perspektiven zur Lösung globaler Klima- und Umweltherausforderungen gebraucht werden", betont Maas.
Die Studie untersuchte auch Entwicklungen über unterschiedliche Zeiträume und zeigte, dass der Anteil von weiblichen Top-Autor*innen zwischen 1945 und 2019 von 3% auf 18% anstieg. Der Globale Süden ist mit zuletzt 25% ebenfalls stark unterrepräsentiert. "Die aktuellen Anteile von Frauen und Wissenschafter*innen aus dem Globalen Süden in der Top-Autorenschaft liegen immer noch fernab gesellschaftlicher oder akademischer Verteilungen und belegen klaren Nachholbedarf in der Förderung wissenschaftlicher Vielfalt", so Maas. "In der Liste sind kaum Autor*innen aus Indien, China und anderen bevölkerungsreichen Regionen mit großer Bedeutung für globalen Naturschutz und Nachhaltigkeit, während viele weitere Länder gar nicht vertreten sind."
Die mangelnde Repräsentation von Frauen einerseits und Personen des Globalen Südens andererseits betrifft laut den Autor*innen der Studie nicht nur die Top-Autorenschaft in der Ökologie, sondern auch die wissenschaftliche Führungsebene. "Oft entscheiden Publikationsleistungen und insbesondere Top-Autorenschaft über die Entwicklung einer Karriere und die Vergabe von Führungspositionen", erklärt Maas.
Die Studie leitet daraus vier konkrete Empfehlungen zur Förderung wissenschaftlicher Vielfalt ab:
Erstens sollten wissenschaftliche Zeitschriften und Gesellschaften besondere Anstrengungen unternehmen, Vielfalt und Inklusion in der Vergabe von Führungspositionen zu fördern. Zweitens empfehlen die Autor*innen, den Verlauf einer wissenschaftlichen Karriere anhand vielseitiger Kompetenzen jenseits von Publikationsleistungen zu bewerten. An dritter und vierter Stelle sprechen sich die Autor*innen für strukturelle Änderungen zur Förderung von Elternzeit und Vielfalt unter Mitarbeiter*innen und Ko-Autor*innen aus, um die Integrität wissenschaftlicher Gemeinschaften zu fördern und zu schützen. Weitere Empfehlungen, die speziell an Autor*innen und wissenschaftliche Gemeinschaften gerichtet sind, dienen laut Maas zur "Verbesserung der guten wissenschaftlichen Praxis, besonders in Bezug auf die aktive Förderung von vielfältigen und globalen Perspektiven in Ökologie und Naturschutz".
The global scientific community has become increasingly diverse over recent decades, but is this ongoing development also reflected among top-publishing authors and potential scientific leaders? We surveyed 13 leading journals in ecology, evolution, and conservation to investigate the diversity of the 100 top-publishing authors in each journal between 1945 and 2019. Out of 1051 individual top-publishing authors, only 11% are women. The United States, the United Kingdom, Australia, Germany, and Canada account for more than 75% of top-publishing authors, while countries of the Global South (as well as Russia, Japan, and South Korea) were strikingly underrepresented. The number of top-publishing authors who are women and/or are from the Global South is increasing only slowly over time. We outline transformative actions that scientific communities can take to enhance diversity, equity and inclusion at author, leadership, and society level. The resulting promotion of scientific innovation and productivity is essential for the development of global solutions in conservation science.
Schlagwörter:authorship; Bibliometrie; Diversität; Geschlechterungleichheit; globaler Süden; Inklusion; Journals; metrics; national bias; Publikation; Unterrepräsentanz
CEWS Kategorie:Diversity, Wissenschaft als Beruf, Geschlechterverhältnis
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Gender roles during COVID‐19 pandemic: The experiences of Turkish female academics
Autor/in:
Parlak, Simel; Celebi Cakiroglu, Oya; Oksuz Gul, Feride
Quelle: Gend Work Organ (Gender, Work and Organization), (2021)
Details
Inhalt: This study aims to explore the COVID‐19 experiences of Turkish female academics in terms of gender roles by focusing on how these women have dealt with domestic and academic responsibilities. The study group consisted of 21 female academics working from home, along with their spouses. Interpretative phenomenological analysis was used to analyze the data collected through semistructured telephone interviews. The findings were clustered under five main themes: the early days of the pandemic, work life after the pandemic, domestic responsibilities after the pandemic, family relationships after the pandemic, and the perception of gender roles. The results indicate that the pandemic has deepened gender inequalities, and the academic life of female academics has changed in terms of academic productivity. Therefore, we recommend that more research examining the quarantine process and involving women in other occupations and of different socioeconomic statuses should be done to develop more effective social policies.
Schlagwörter:academic career; academics; akademische Karriere; COVID-19; familäre Verpflichtungen; family; gender inequality; gender role; Geschlechterrolle; Produktivität; publication; Publikation; Türkei; Turkey
CEWS Kategorie:Europa und Internationales, Wissenschaft als Beruf, Geschlechterverhältnis
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Gender Equality : A strengthened Commitment in Horizon Europe
Autor/in:
European Commission
Quelle: European Union; Brussels, 2021.
Details
Schlagwörter:Forschungsförderung; gender equality; gender equality plan; Gleichstellungsplan; Horizon Europe; research funding
CEWS Kategorie:Europa und Internationales, Gleichstellungspolitik
Dokumenttyp:Graue Literatur, Bericht
Handbook of Research Methods on Gender and Management
Herausgeber/in:
Stead, Valerie; Elliott, Carole; Mavin, Sharon
Quelle: Cheltenham, UK; Northampton, MA, USA: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2021.
Details
Inhalt: "This timely Handbook of Research Methods on Gender and Management exemplifies the multiplicity of gender and management research and provides effective guidance for putting methods into practice.
Through a range of international perspectives, contributors present an essential resource of diverse research methods, including illustrative examples from corporate, public and entrepreneurial sectors. Chapters offer clear guidance, considering opportunities and challenges of differing approaches to research and exploring their ethical implications in practice. Outlining critical, practical, methodological and autoethnographical approaches to research, the Handbook illustrates a broad base from which to build a research project in gender and management.
This cutting-edge Handbook is crucial reading for scholars of gender and management, highlighting useful methods and practices for accessing key scholarly insights. It will also benefit graduate students in need of a guided entry into the field of gender and management."
Schlagwörter:corporate management; entrepreneurship; gender research; public management
CEWS Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung
Dokumenttyp:Sammelwerk
Handbook on Diversity and Inclusion Indices : A Research Compendium
Herausgeber/in:
Ng, Eddy
Quelle: Cheltenham, UK; Northampton, MA, USA: Edward Elgar Publishing (Research Handbooks in Business and Management series), 2021.
Details
Inhalt: This Handbook on Diversity and Inclusion Indices critically examines many of the popular and frequently cited indices related to DEI benchmarking and progress tracking. The goal is to provide a better understanding of the indices' construction, strengths and weaknesses, intended applications, and contribution to research and progress towards diversity and equity goals. The editors include detailed reviews of 23 DEI indices including broader, more general measures as well as those that focus on a particular aspect of diversity (e.g., gender, religion). Included are indices that measure diversity, equity, and/or inclusion at organizational, national, and regional levels. The Handbook unpacks this wide range of indices to meet the needs of researchers, public policy makers, and general consumers of information.
Schlagwörter:Benchmarking; Diversität; Diversity; inclusion; Index; indicator; Indikator; Monitoring
CEWS Kategorie:Diversity, Statistik und statistische Daten
Dokumenttyp:Sammelwerk
How Gender Can Transform the Social Sciences
Herausgeber/in:
Sawer, Marian; Jenkins, Fiona; Downing, Karen
Quelle: Palgrave Macmillan, 2021.
Details
Inhalt: “This collection turns a spotlight on gender innovation in the social sciences. Eighteen short and accessibly written case studies show how feminist and gender perspectives bring new concepts, theories and policy solutions. Scholars across five disciplines– economics, history, philosophy, political science and sociology – demonstrate how paying attention to gender can sharpen the focus of the social sciences, improve the public policy they inform, and change the way we measure things. Gender innovation provokes rethinking at both the core and the margins of established disciplines, sometimes developing alternative fields of research that chart new territory. These case studies celebrate the contribution of feminist and gender scholars and span topics ranging from budgeting, electoral systems and security studies to the ethics of care, emotional labor and climate change.”
Schlagwörter:care work; feminist perspective; Gender Studies; mental load; social sciences
CEWS Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung
Dokumenttyp:Sammelwerk
She Figures Handbook 2021
Autor/in:
European Commission - DG Research
Quelle: Brussels, 2021. 144 S
Details
Inhalt: The She Figures Handbook (2018) provides methodological guidance on the calculation of indicators included in the She Figures 2018 publication, the sixth iteration of the European Commission’s She Figures publication since the release of its seminal version in 2003. Organised by data source, information provided on each indicator includes a brief definition, rationale, computation method and any comments or critical issues for the reader to note. The handbook also includes a section on the verification and validation of data that outlines coherence checks and additional data considerations to be taken into consideration in the computation and interpretation of indicators. Finally, the annexes outline important information regarding international classification standards (e.g. ISCED, ISCO) to which data for several of the indicators are tied, as well as key terminology and definitions. The release of the 2018 version of the handbook beyond the groups directly involved in the production of the She Figures publication is intended to strengthen the capacity of other stakeholders to systematically produce meaningful, systematic data on gender in research and innovation.
Schlagwörter:EU; Europa; Geschlechterverhältnis; Indikator; Monitoring; Statistik
CEWS Kategorie:Europa und Internationales, Statistik und statistische Daten, Geschlechterverhältnis
Dokumenttyp:Graue Literatur, Bericht
“Academic guilt”: The impact of the pandemic-enforced lockdown on women’s academic work
Autor/in:
Cyrill Walters; Linda Ronnie; Jonathan Jansen; Samantha Kriger
Quelle: Women’s Studies International Forum, 88 (2021)
Details
Inhalt: According to anecdotal accounts, the guilt engendered by the conflict between employment and family that is pervasive in the academy (or “academic guilt,” in this paper) has been exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic-enforced lockdown. To date, there has been no systematic research that provides a detailed account of, and explanations for, the “academic guilt” experienced by women academics, in particular, outside of the Global North. The research team conducted a large-scale systematic survey of all female academic staff in a nationwide study of South Africa’s 26 public universities during the period of the lockdown. A total of 2029 full responses were received from women at different stages in their academic careers. The survey included an open-ended section that allowed for detailed, unlimited responses by the participants; this section provided a substantial volume of qualitative data, which was coded and analyzed. Leveraging the richness of the open-ended survey data, this study presents findings showing significantly high feelings of “academic guilt” among women academics during the pandemic-enforced lockdown for a variety of reasons relating to the working conditions imposed by the lockdown mandates.
Schlagwörter:academic work; Befragung; COVID-19; Forschung; Gender; Gender Role; Hochschule; Lehre; mother; research; South Africa; Südafrika; survey; teaching; university; Vereinbarkeit Beruf-Familie; wissenschaftliche Arbeit; woman academic; work-family conflict; working condition
CEWS Kategorie:Vereinbarkeit Familie-Beruf, Wissenschaft als Beruf
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
The Pandemic Penalty : The Gendered Effects of COVID-19 on Scientific Productivity
Autor/in:
King, Molly M.; Frederickson, Megan E.
Quelle: Socius, 7 (2021) , S 1–24
Details
Inhalt: Academia serves as a valuable case for studying the effects of social forces on workplace productivity, using a concrete measure of output: scholarly papers. Many academics, especially women, have experienced unprecedented challenges to scholarly productivity during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The authors analyze the gender composition of more than 450,000 authorships in the arXiv and bioRxiv scholarly preprint repositories from before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. This analysis reveals that the underrepresentation of women scientists in the last authorship position necessary for retention and promotion in the sciences is growing more inequitable. The authors find differences between the arXiv and bioRxiv repositories in how gender affects first, middle, and sole authorship submission rates before and during the pandemic. A review of existing research and theory outlines potential mechanisms underlying this widening gender gap in productivity during COVID-19. The authors aggregate recommendations for institutional change that could ameliorate challenges to women’s productivity during the pandemic and beyond.
Schlagwörter:academia; authorship; bibliometric analysis; COVID-19; Forschungsproduktivität; Gender; gender inequality; Geschlechterungleichheit; productivity; publication; Publikation; sociology of science
CEWS Kategorie:Wissenschaft als Beruf, Geschlechterverhältnis
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Publishing and Parenting in Academic Science: A Study of Different National Contexts
Autor/in:
Di Di; Thomson, Robert A.; Howard Ecklund, Elaine
Quelle: Socius (Sociological Research for a Dynamic World), 7 (2021)
Details
Inhalt: In the first cross-national, mixed-methods study on gender, family, and science, the authors examined the relationship between research productivity and family life for male and female physicists and biologists in four countries: India, Taiwan, the United States, and the United Kingdom. Drawing on surveys of 5,756 respondents and follow-up interviews with 369 participants, the authors found that the relationship between family responsibilities and publishing operates differently for men and women. Additionally, this relationship is conditioned by the national context in which the scientists work. The interviews indicate that family responsibilities constrain women’s publication productivity according to context. Cross-contextual differences are partially explained by the macro-level gender norms transmitted to academic scientists and how women navigate their scientific research productivity and family responsibilities. The findings have implications for the broader literature on the dialectical relationship between macro-level gender norms and responses by scientists in India, Taiwan, the United States, and the United Kingdom.
Schlagwörter:academia; Elternschaft; Großbritannien; Indien; parenthood; Publikation; research productivity; responsibility; Taiwan; UK; USA; work-family balance
CEWS Kategorie:Vereinbarkeit Familie-Beruf, Wissenschaft als Beruf
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Do Women Shy Away from Public Speaking? : A Field Experiment
Autor/in:
Paola, Maria de; Lombardo, Rosetta; Pupo, Valeria; Scoppa, Vincenzo
Quelle: Labour Economics, 70 (2021)
Details
Inhalt: “Public speaking is an important skill for career prospects and for leadership positions, but many people tend to avoid it. We run a field experiment to analyze whether in an incentivized setting men and women show differences in their willingness to speak in public. The experiment involved more than 500 undergraduates who could gain two points to add to the final grade of their exam by presenting solutions to a set problem orally. Students were randomly assigned to give a presentation to the instructor only or in front of a large audience (a class of 100 or more). We find that while women are more willing to do a face-to-face presentation, they are considerably less likely to give a public presentation. We show that female aversion to public speaking does not depend on differences in ability or other psychological attitudes. Such an aversion seems considerably less marked for daughters of working women. The aversion to public speaking cannot be interpreted as strategic avoidance deriving from women anticipating their poor performance in this specific task. From survey data we also show that neither increasing the gains deriving from public speaking nor allowing participants more time to prepare lessens the gender gap.”
Schlagwörter:female; gender difference; leadership; public speaking; soft skill
CEWS Kategorie:Berufsbiographie und Karriere
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Sexual and sexist harassment in Spanish universities: policy implementation and resistances against gender equality measures
Autor/in:
Lombardo, Emanuela; Bustelo, Maria
Quelle: Journal of Gender Studies, (2021) , S 1–15
Details
Inhalt: The legal mandate to mainstream gender equality in Spain’s universities has led to the establishment of gender equality units and the adoption of gender equality policy plans and protocols against sexual harassment. This research looks at how gender equality policies have been implemented within universities and what resisting and facilitating factors have hindered and promoted their implementation. These questions are addressed by studying the implementation of the ‘Protocol against sexual and sexist harassment’ at the biggest public Spanish university, Madrid Complutense University. Through a combination of content analysis, interviews, and a survey involving the university community, we show how the implementation of university policies against sexual harassment is dependent on a combination of factors against (obstacles/resistances) and in favour (opportunities/alliances). These factors include the form of institutionalization that gender equality took within the university, the existing formal and informal institutions, inertial resistances, and prevailing ideas about gender equality. We argue that implementation of the protocol was impeded by the scant awareness of the prevalence of harassment in daily university life, and the concomitant acceptance, by the academic community, of the phenomenon as a ‘normal’ practice.
Schlagwörter:Geschlechtergerechtigkeit; Gleichstellungsplan; Hochschule; Normalisierung; normalization; Sexismus; sexuelle Belästigung; Spanien
CEWS Kategorie:Hochschulen, Sexuelle Belästigung und Gewalt
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Evaluation of accepted and rejected submissions in the Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis: Gender and experience
Autor/in:
Kranak, Michael P.; Rooker, Griffin W.; Carr, Codey J.; Bradtke, Peter; Falligant, John Michael; Hausman, Nicole L.
Quelle: Journal of applied behavior analysis, 54 (2021) 3, S 1175–1187
Details
Inhalt: Researchers have examined factors of authors such as sex of author, gender identity, and seniority within the field of behavior analysis to determine if any biases towards a certain group existed. Most recently, Kranak et al. (2020) found that women and new authors are well-represented in the Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis (JABA). However, that analysis included only published manuscripts. Thus, the degree to which these subpopulations are proportionally represented is unknown, because that analysis was unable to determine how often these subpopulations are submitting manuscripts. Therefore, the purpose of the current investigation was to extend Kranak et al. and analyze all accepted and rejected manuscripts submitted to JABA from 2015 - 2019. Results indicated that women and men had nearly identical acceptance rates during this time period, whereas veteran authors' acceptance rate was nearly 2.5 times greater than that of new authors. Implications for publishing, reviewing, and research mentorship practices are discussed.
Schlagwörter:acceptance; gender bias; Peer Review; publication; Publikation
CEWS Kategorie:Wissenschaft als Beruf, Geschlechterverhältnis
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Pronouns Beyond the Binary: The Change of Attitudes and Use Over Time
Autor/in:
Gustafsson Sendén, Marie; Renström, Emma; Lindqvist, Anna
Quelle: Gender & society : official publication of Sociologists for Women in Society, 35 (2021) 4, S 588–615
Details
Inhalt: Gender-inclusive language, such as the Swedish pronoun hen, may aid in breaking a binary notion of gender and avoid sexism. The present study followed the implementa1tion of a gender-inclusive third-person pronoun singular (hen) in Swedish in two sur2veys with representative samples in 2015 (at the time when hen was introduced in the official Swedish dictionary; N =1212) and in 2018 (N =2009). The surveys comprised
measures of attitudes toward, and use of, hen as well as possible predictors such as area of residence, age, preferred pronoun, political orientation, and interest in gender issues. Results showed that attitudes toward hen became more positive and that use of hen increased between 2015 and 2018. About half of the population used hen in their communication in 2018, which is a 14-percentage-point increase from 2015. Younger age, she or hen as preferred pronoun, political left-wing orientation, and interest in
gender issues predicted a more positive attitude and a more frequent use. Furthermore,
the positive change between 2015 and 2018 was larger among younger people, indicat3ing that hen will remain in the Swedish language. The present research is unique in that
it follows a gender-fair language initiative during its implementation in representative
samples, thereby providing insights for social movements aiming for gender-fair lan4guage. We also discuss the theoretical implications of a gender-inclusive pronoun in
comparison with past studies on gender-fair language.
Schlagwörter:Dritte Option; gender-sensitive approach; non-binary; Schweden; Sprachgebrauch; survey; TIN-klusive Hochschule; Umfrage
CEWS Kategorie:Diversity, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Sex differences in the number of scientific publications and citations when attaining the rank of professor in Sweden
Autor/in:
Madison, Guy; Fahlman, Pontus
Quelle: Studies in Higher Education, 46 (2021) 12, S 2506–2527
Details
Inhalt: The proportion of women tends to decrease the higher the academic rank, following a global pattern. Sweden has taken comprehensive measures to decrease this gap across 30 years, and many countries are following a similar path. Yet today only 27% of faculty with the rank of professor in Sweden are female. A common explanation is that academia is biased against women. According to this hypothesis, women have to reach higher levels of scholarly achievement than men to be appointed to the same academic rank. Publication metrics when attaining the rank of professor were compiled from the Web of Science for samples of the whole population of 1345 professors appointed at the six largest universities in Sweden during a six-year period. Men had significantly more publications and citations in both medicine and in the social sciences, rejecting the hypothesis that women are held to a higher scholarly standard in this context.
Schlagwörter:academic rank; gender bias; gender differences; Geschlechterunterschied; publication; Publikation; Schweden; Sweden
CEWS Kategorie:Wissenschaft als Beruf, Geschlechterverhältnis
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Oxford Understanding Relationships, Sex, Power, Abuse and Consent Experiences (OUR SPACE) cross-sectional survey: a study protocol
Autor/in:
Steele, Bridget; Degli Esposti, Michelle; Mandeville, Pete; Hamnett, Gillian; Nye, Elizabeth; Humphreys, David K.
Quelle: BMJ Open, 11 (2021) 11
Details
Inhalt: INTRODUCTION
Sexual violence among higher education students is a public health concern, threatening the general safety of students, often with significant physical and mental health implications for victims. Establishing the prevalence estimates of sexual violence at higher education institutions (HEIs) is essential for designing and resourcing responses to sexual violence, including monitoring the effectiveness of prevention initiatives and institutional programmes. Yet, to date, there have been no rigorous studies assessing prevalence of sexual violence at HEIs in the UK.
METHODS AND ANALYSIS
Informed by guidance from Universities UK, the University of Oxford administration and the related student advocacy groups working within the University, Oxford Understanding Relationships, Sex, Power, Abuse and Consent Experiences is a cross-sectional survey of all undergraduate and graduate students over the age of 18 enrolled at the University of Oxford, UK. The survey design uses a complete sampling approach and measures adapted from previous campus climate surveys in the USA as well as the Sexual Experiences Survey (USA). The analysis will estimate the prevalence of sexual harassment and sexual violence perpetration and victimisation, and will examine whether ethnicity, gender identity, and sexual orientation are associated with these primary outcomes.
ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION
Ethical approval was obtained by the Social Sciences and Humanities Interdivisional Research Ethics Committee at the University of Oxford which is a subcommittee of the Central University Research Ethics Committee (ref no.: R73805/RE001). The research team will disseminate findings through peer-reviewed journal articles and conference presentations. A report cowritten by authors and stakeholders will be shared with Oxford University students.
Schlagwörter:data collection; empirical research; England; prevalence; sexual assault; sexuelle Gewalt; student; Studierende; survey; UK; Umfrage; undergraduate; university
CEWS Kategorie:Europa und Internationales, Hochschulen, Sexuelle Belästigung und Gewalt
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Gender equality in Estonian research - current situation and ways of improving : RTIA 4: RDI Policy Monitoring - Final report
Autor/in:
Urmann, Helen; Lees, Kadri; Remmik, Marvi; Tubelt, Ene; Roos, Liana; Vilson, Maili; Puur, Saara Maria; Aksen, Merli
Quelle: University of Tartu; Eesti Teadusagentuur; Tartu, 2021.
Details
Inhalt: This study will determine the current state of gender equality in the research landscape of Estonia and the factors affecting the choice of field of study and academic career as well as career development. It is based on both quantitative and qualitative analysis, providing an overview of the roportions of men and women in academic fields (incl. by position), the research output of male and female members of academic staff and, finally, the overall salary situation.
Schlagwörter:academia; academic career; academic staff; Estland; Estonia; gender equality; higher education; Innovation; literature review; mobility; publication; research; wage
CEWS Kategorie:Europa und Internationales, Geschlechterverhältnis
Dokumenttyp:Graue Literatur, Bericht
Transitions and Conflicts: Reexamining Impacts of Migration on Young Women’s Status and Gender Practice in Rural Shanxi
Autor/in:
Yang, Lichao; Ren, Xiaodong
Quelle: Social Inclusion, 8 (2020) 2, S 58-67
Details
Inhalt: This article explores impacts of migration on young women’s status and gender practice in rural northern China. Based on ethnographic fieldwork in a village in Shanxi Province, it suggests that rural-urban migration has served partially to reconstruct the traditional gender-based roles and norms in migration families. This reconstructive force arises mainly from the changes of the patrilocal residence pattern and rural women’s acquisition of subjectivity during the course of migration. However, after migrant women return to their home villages, they usually reassume their roles as care providers and homemakers, which is vividly expressed by a phrase referring to one’s wife as ‘the person inside my home’ (wo jiali de). Meanwhile, although migrant women’s capacity and confidence have greatly increased consequent upon working out of the countryside, their participation in village governance and in the public sphere has been decreasing. Further examination suggests that the reinforcement of gender inequality and the transformation of gender relations result from the continuous interplay of local power relations, market dominance, and unchallenged patrilocal institutions. Through adopting a life course perspective, it challenges too strict a differentiation between migrant and left behind women in existing literature.
Schlagwörter:China; China; Landbevölkerung; rural population; Patriarchat; patriarchy; gender-specific factors; woman; Ethnographie; ethnography; Feldforschung; field research; Stadt-Land-Beziehung; city-country relationship; Geschlechtsrolle; gender role; traditionelle Gesellschaft; traditional society; Geschlechterverhältnis; gender relations; gender relations; migration; patriarchy; rural Chinese women
SSOAR Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Are Referees and Editors in Economics Gender Neutral? : *
Autor/in:
Card, David; DellaVigna, Stefano; Funk, Patricia; Iriberri, Nagore
Quelle: The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 135 (2020) 1, S 269–327
Details
Inhalt: We study the role of gender in the evaluation of economic research using submissions to four leading journals. We find that referee gender has no effect on the relative assessment of female- versus male-authored papers, suggesting that any differential biases of male referees are negligible. To determine whether referees as a whole impose different standards for female authors, we compare citations for female- and male-authored papers, holding constant referee evaluations and other characteristics. We find that female-authored papers receive about 25% more citations than observably similar male-authored papers. Editors largely follow the referees, resulting in a 1.7 percentage point lower probability of a revise and resubmit verdict for papers with female authors relative to a citation-maximizing benchmark. In their desk rejection decisions, editors treat female authors more favorably, though they still impose a higher bar than would be implied by citation maximization. We find no differences in the informativeness of female versus male referees or in the weight that editors place on the recommendations of female versus male referees. We also find no differences in editorial delays for female- versus male-authored papers.
Schlagwörter:Gender; gender bias; Geschlechterunterschied; Geschlechtervergleich; Peer-Review; Publikation; Wirtschaftswissenschaft
CEWS Kategorie:Geschlechterverhältnis
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
A Global Approach to the Gender Gap in Mathematical, Computing and Natural Sciences : How to Measure it, How to Reduce it? - Gender Gap in Science project: Final report
Autor/in:
Guillopé, Colette; Roy, Marie-Francoise
Quelle: Berlin, 2020. 243 S
Details
Schlagwörter:Arbeitsbedingungen; Befragung; computer science; Diskriminierung; gender gap; Geschlechterunterschied; global; Hochschule; Informatik; Karriere; mathematics; Mathematik; Naturwissenschaften; Prävention; Publikation; quantitative Analyse; sexual harassment; sexuelle Belästigung; survey
CEWS Kategorie:Europa und Internationales, Wissenschaft als Beruf, Naturwissenschaft und Technik, Geschlechterverhältnis, Sexuelle Belästigung und Gewalt
Dokumenttyp:Graue Literatur, Bericht
Grey literature on research
Autor/in:
EIGE European Institute for Gender Equality
Quelle: Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2020.
Details
Inhalt: What is grey literature? It is literature produced by non-commercial publishers, such as public institutions, universities, research institutes and civil society. It contains a lot of useful content, but is often hard to find as it is scattered across different locations. EIGE has collected grey literature on gender equality and you can access our collection through a simple search interface. EIGE's collection of grey literature is available in several EU languages and documents come from all EU Member States. EIGE's library hosts one of the largest collections on gender-related literature related to research. The collection presents good practices of current policies throughout Europe as well as gender indicators aimed at assessing gender equality in research. Several resources focus on the ways in which the EU has mainstreamed gender into policy processes for research. You will also find research reports and statistical documents providing data on key gender issues related to research.
Schlagwörter:Bibliographie; European Institute for Gender Equality; gender equality; Gender Mainstreaming; research; Wissenschaft
CEWS Kategorie:Europa und Internationales, Gleichstellungspolitik, Hochschulen
Dokumenttyp:Graue Literatur, Bericht
Las universidades frente a la violencia de género: el alcance limitado de los mecanismos formales
Autor/in:
Varela Guinot, Helena
Quelle: Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Políticas y Sociales, 65 (2020) 238, S 49-80
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Inhalt: En los últimos años han proliferado las acusaciones de acoso sexual en las instituciones de educación superior y la manera en que éstas han respondido ha sido muy variada. Algunas de dichas instituciones han tendido a la pasividad o el silenciamiento, bajo el principio de que las situaciones de violencia de género responden a hechos aislados que deben abordarse individualmente; en otros casos, se optó por dotar a las universidades de mecanismos formales que permitieran atender los casos. Sin embargo, movimientos como #MeTooAcadémicos sacaron a la luz la necesidad de encontrar vías alternativas para la denuncia de los casos de violencia sexual, porque los canales formales parecen no estar respondiendo a las necesidades de las víctimas. Este trabajo analiza los mecanismos institucionales que universidades públicas y privadas de México están empleando para prevenir y atender los casos de violencia de género, y con ello poner en evidencia los retos que enfrentan para lograr frenar este fenómeno.
Schlagwörter:gender violence; universities; institutions
SSOAR Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, soziale Probleme
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Implications of digital inclusion: digitalization in terms of time Use from a gender perspective
Autor/in:
Arroyo, Lidia
Quelle: Social Inclusion, 8 (2020) 2, S 180-189
Details
Inhalt: The implications of digital technologies for the transformation of gender relations and identities have been discussed since the early days of the internet. Although gender studies have identified clear gender gaps in terms of digital inclusion as well as potentialities for the transformation of women’s subjectivity, there is a lack of empirical evidence of the impact of digitalization in terms of time use from a gender perspective. Public policies have begun to address the digital gender gap, but the incorporation of a gender perspective in digital inclusion programmes which promotes women’s emancipation by challenging the gender division of time through use of the internet has been not incorporated in the digital policies agenda. This article aims to provide empirical evidence of the mutual interrelation between the time allocation and digital inclusion from a gender perspective. It considers how gender inequalities in time use shape women’s experience of digital inclusion and, at the same time, how digital inclusion promotes the reconfiguration of time in women’s everyday lives. Qualitative analysis based on episodic interviews explored the representations and practices of internet use by women in their everyday lives. The sample was made up of 32 women who were digitally included through a lifelong learning programme in Spain and had experienced the effects of the Spanish economic crisis. The article argues that digital inclusion does not automatically lead to a more egalitarian allocation of time use for women, but rather places greater value on women’s free time.
Schlagwörter:Digitalisierung; digitalization; Technologie; technology; Geschlechterverhältnis; gender relations; Ungleichheit; inequality; Internet; Internet; Inklusion; inclusion; Arbeitsteilung; division of labor; Zeit; time; Nutzung; utilization; digital gender gap; digital inclusion; gender division of labour; gender inequalities
SSOAR Kategorie:interaktive, elektronische Medien, Wissenschaftssoziologie, Wissenschaftsforschung, Technikforschung, Techniksoziologie, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz