A Qualitative Study on University Students’ Perceptions Regarding Sexual Violence Perpetrated by Women Against Men
Autor/in:
Oliveira, Leonor de; Carmo, Eunice; Cardoso, Daniel; Brazão, Nélio; Viegas, Mária; Vespasiano, Rita; Carvalho, Joana
Quelle: Sex Res Soc Policy (Sexuality Research and Social Policy), 21 (2024) 1, S 446–464
Details
Inhalt: Sexual violence (SV) perpetrated by women against men is socially dismissed and underrepresented in research. The aim of the current study was to explore the perspectives of university students (women and men) on women-perpetrated SV against men. A total of 19 undergraduate students were presented with a vignette describing a hypothetical situation of SV and interviewed. A thematic analysis was performed, identifying four main themes: characters’ Features, sexual initiation Strategies, Consequences, and Motivations and Contexts. Participants endorsed gender stereotypes and victim-blaming narratives, but also challenged gender stereotypes and rape myths. Participants could identify violent sexual initiation strategies, could anticipate potential consequences of the abuse, and were able to imagine potential motivational and contextual factors that facilitated the abuse. These results highlight the importance of providing adequate information regarding women-perpetrated SV and can inform preventative approaches targeting social norms that perpetuate the invisibility of this phenomenon. Recommendations for future research are discussed. Public policies that facilitate the training of professionals who contact with victims may help overcome the influence of rape myths that hinder appropriate intervention. Similarly, policies that support the prevention of SV in university contexts may contribute to translate the results from research into practice.
Schlagwörter:context; gender stereotype; myth; perception; perpetrator; Policy; public administration; rape prevention; sexual assault; student; university; USA; victim blaming; Vignettenstudie; violence
CEWS Kategorie:Sexuelle Belästigung und Gewalt
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Mental Health and Substance Use Factors Associated with Sexual Violence Victimization and Perpetration in University Samples: A Meta-Analysis
Autor/in:
Astle, Shelby; McAllister, Paige; Spencer, Chelsea; Rivas-Koehl, Matthew; Toews, Michelle; Anders, Kristin
Quelle: Sex Res Soc Policy (Sexuality Research and Social Policy), 21 (2024) 1, S 388–399
Details
Inhalt: Using the biopsychosocial model, we explored the mental health and substance use factors associated with sexual violence (SV) victimization and perpetration among U.S. college students and compared the differences in strength of these correlates by gender, SV perpetration vs. victimization, and type of SV. This uniquely contributes to the existing literature by (a) focusing on mental health and substance use correlates of SV among college students, (b) including both SV victimization and perpetration, and (c) comparing the strength of correlates by gender, perpetration vs. victimization, and type of SV. We conducted a meta-analysis of 101 studies meeting inclusion criteria of U.S. college samples published between January 2000 and April 2019 and calculated Q-statistics to compare differences in strength of correlates. Nine mental health factors were positively associated with SV victimization (e.g., suicidal ideation). SV victimization and perpetration were positively associated with substance use. No significant differences were found comparing strength of correlate by gender or perpetration vs. victimization experience. PTSD, drug use, and alcohol were more strongly associated with certain types of SV than others. In association with SV, mental health and substance use are serious considerations for individuals and organizations serving college students. It is important for these institutions to respond to reports of SV in a trauma-informed way, increase the accessibility and quality of on-campus mental health services available to SV survivors of all genders, and make the campus community aware of the resources are available.
Schlagwörter:College; Drogen; GBV; mental health; Meta-Analyse; reporting; service; sexual assault; student; trauma; USA; violence
CEWS Kategorie:Sexuelle Belästigung und Gewalt
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
The Role of Intersectionality and Context in Measuring Gender-Based Violence in Universities and Research-Performing Organizations in Europe for the Development of Inclusive Structural Interventions
Autor/in:
Humbert, Anne Laure; Strid, Sofia; Tanwar, Jagriti; Lipinsky, Anke; Schredl, Claudia
Quelle: Violence against women, (2024)
Details
Inhalt: The aim of the article is to discuss how thinking about gender-based violence intersectionally and in context can not only enrich our understanding but also lead to transformative change in organizations. The article argues that to better understand gender-based violence in universities and research institutions, analyses need to be intersectional and contextual. Such approaches go beyond binary understandings of gender and narrow legalistic definitions of gender-based violence. The article reflects on how to operationalize this to derive starting points for intersectional categories to consider and contextual factors to measure at micro-, meso-, and macro-levels. It concludes that a multilevel intersectional analysis leads to more nuanced knowledge on experiences of gender-based violence and is, therefore, better equipped to inform the development of measures to eradicate the problem in an inclusive way.
Schlagwörter:context; gender-based violence; higher education; intersectionality; multilevel analysis; Organisation; prevalence
CEWS Kategorie:Diversity, Sexuelle Belästigung und Gewalt
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Are Companies Committed to Preventing Gender Violence against Women? The Role of the Manager’s Implicit Resistance
Autor/in:
Vara-Horna, Arístides A.; Asencios-Gonzalez, Zaida B.; Quipuzco-Chicata, Liliana; Díaz-Rosillo, Alberto
Quelle: Social Sciences, 12 (2023) 1, 12 S
Details
Inhalt: This study aims to provide evidence that managers’ commitment towards preventing gender violence against women is affected by implicit resistance from the patriarchal culture. A structured questionnaire was given to 673 managers of 243 small, medium, and large private companies in Metropolitan Lima, Peru. We design and test a conceptual model using covariance-based structural equation modeling. Even though 90.3% of managers report being committed to and in favor of preventing gender violence in companies, 48.6% have intense implicit resistance against it. In general, 3 out of 4 managers do not believe in violence against women because they consider it “biased”, and think that policies should only talk about family or partner violence. In addition, 2 out of 4 believe that equality policies have “hidden interests” that generate mistrust. The structural equations show that implicit resistance, directly and indirectly, decreases managers’ commitment and actions towards preventing gender violence in organizations. Gender biases, irrational beliefs about sexual violence, and a lack of appreciation of gender equality strongly predict these resistances. Business involvement in the prevention of gender violence is a more complex process than expected, requiring a reinforced strategy aimed at overcoming managers’ implicit resistance
Schlagwörter:corporate management; gender bias; implicit bias; management culture; resistance; sexual assault; trust; victim blaming; violence
CEWS Kategorie:Sexuelle Belästigung und Gewalt
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Sexual Misconduct in Academia : Informing an Ethics of Care in the University
Autor/in:
Pritchard, Erin.; Edwards, Delyth.
Quelle: Milton: Taylor & Francis (Interdisciplinary Research in Gender Ser), 2023.
Details
Inhalt: This book is about experiences of sexual misconduct in the everyday spaces of academia and what and how we can learn from these experiences to inform an ethics of care in the university.
By bringing a wide range of lived experiences of students, staff and researchers out of their current marginalised positions within academic discussions, the book offers a deeper understanding of sexual misconduct in the academy for both students and staff. Each of the chapters offers not only opportunities for conversation and reflection, but addresses and suggests what responses to academic sexual misconduct could and should involve. By presenting collective accounts of experiencing, witnessing, researching and writing about sexual misconduct in academic spaces, Sexual Misconduct in Academia examines how to develop ethical pedagogical practices, if an ethics of care is to be truly implemented or transformed.
This book is suitable for students and scholars in Gender Studies, Education and Sociology.
Schlagwörter:academic; College; higher education; sexual harassment; sexuelle Belästigung
CEWS Kategorie:Sexuelle Belästigung und Gewalt
Dokumenttyp:Monographie
Handlungsempfehlungen zum Umgang mit Sexualisierter Diskriminierung und Gewalt an Kunst- und Musikhochschulen
Autor/in:
BukoF
Quelle: , 2023. 6 S
Details
Inhalt: Die Handlungsempfehlungen richten sich insbesondere an die Rektorenkonferenz der deutschen Musikhochschulen in der HRK (RKM) sowie an die in der Rektorenkonferenz der Kunsthochschulen (RKK) zusammengeschlossenen Kunsthochschulen und Kunstakademien und fordern diese dazu auf, die bisherigen Anstrengungen der Kunst- und Musikhochschulen auf Bundesebene zu bündeln und den Erfahrungsaustausch zu intensivieren.
In den Handlungsempfehlungen schlagen wir 10 Maßnahmen vor, um angehende Künstler*innen aller Sparten bestmöglich zu schützen.
Schlagwörter:german academia; Hochschule; Kunsthochschule; Musikhochschule; Positionspapier; sexualisierte Diskriminierung; university; violence
CEWS Kategorie:Frauen- und Gleichstellungsbeauftragte, Sexuelle Belästigung und Gewalt
Dokumenttyp:Graue Literatur, Bericht
Click Surveillance of Your Partner! Digital Violence among University Students in England
Autor/in:
Montero-Fernández, Delia; Hernando-Gómez, Angel; García-Rojas, Antonio Daniel; Del Río Olvera, Francisco Javier
Quelle: Social Sciences, 12 (2023) 4, 203 S
Details
Inhalt: Information and communication technologies (ICTs) have given rise to new forms of contact as well as new forms of violence. This research analyses whether ICTs are the cause of a new form of digital violence and studies the prevalence of this digital violence exercised through screens among university couples. A quantitative and qualitative methodology was applied in this study: a non-probabilistic purposive or discretionary sample of 303 (Age = 22.79; SD = 47.32; 58.7% male), with the use of an ad hoc questionnaire, and two focus groups of students studying in the same country. The results reveal a prevalence of 51.04% in the perception of digital violence through electronic devices in dating relationships among young people; 15.84% in the prevalence of digital violence in young couples’ relationships; 9.36% in the prevalence of traditional violence; and 35.78% in the tolerance of digital violence among young people. The results highlight a slightly higher prevalence of women compared with men in digital violence. We conclude that there is a significant prevalence of digital violence among these young couples in the university context, which should be the subject of the creation of different awareness-raising, prevention and specific training programmes against it.
Schlagwörter:online violence; student; UK
CEWS Kategorie:Sexuelle Belästigung und Gewalt
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
The Cultural Roots of Violence against Women: Individual and Institutional Gender Norms in 12 Countries
Autor/in:
Lomazzi, Vera
Quelle: Social Sciences, 12 (2023) 3, 117 S
Details
Inhalt: To discuss the cultural roots of violence against women (VAW), this study focuses on individual gender norms, prescriptive gender role expectations, moral justification of VAW, and institutional gender norms that define gender cultures, that provide opportunities for VAW, and legitimize roles and behaviors. We used indicators of gender norms related to VAW from different sources to provide an overview of 12 countries (Armenia, Cyprus, Czechia, Germany, Greece, The Netherlands, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Turkey, and Ukraine). The indicators include individual gender role attitudes and justification of wife beating from the World Values Survey; information on national legislation and institutional discrimination from the Social Institution Gender Index from the OECD; and each country’s position on the Council of Europe Convention on Preventing and Combating Violence Against Women and Domestic Violence—a transnational platform with relevant transformative power that has been opposed by anti-Europeanists. Although situations vary significantly in the different countries, this explorative study suggests that eradicating the cultural roots of VAW is more difficult in societies in which rigid traditional gender roles and a strongly patriarchal culture in legislation and institutions are supported by moral views legitimizing violence as a form of punishment for challenging prescribed gender roles.
Schlagwörter:cultural change; gender norm; morals; value; violence against women
CEWS Kategorie:Sexuelle Belästigung und Gewalt
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Method Report of the UniSAFE Survey
Autor/in:
Schredl, Claudia; Lipinsky, Anke; Baumann, Horst; Humbert, Anne Laure; Tanwar, Jagriti; Bondestam, Fredrik; Freund, Frederike; Lomazzi, Vera; Häuser, Sophia
Quelle: GESIS - Leibniz-Institut für Sozialwissenschaften; Köln (GESIS Papers, 8, 2023/08), 2023. 50 S
Details
Schlagwörter:gender-based violence; survey; Umfrage
CEWS Kategorie:Sexuelle Belästigung und Gewalt
Dokumenttyp:Graue Literatur, Bericht
Sexualisierte Belästigung, Diskriminierung und Gewalt im Hochschulkontext : Herausforderungen, Umgang und Prävention
Herausgeber/in:
Blackmore, Sabine; Pantelmann, Heike; Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden
Quelle: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden; Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2023, 1. Auflage.
Details
Inhalt: Sexualisierte (Belästigung,) Diskriminierung und Gewalt (S(B)DG) ist ein gesellschaftliches Problem – und eines an Hochschulen, auch wenn dieser Befund nicht mit dem Selbstund Fremdbild der Hochschule als einer enlightened organisation (Schüz et al. 2021,S. 2) übereinstimmt. Durch feministische Bewegungen der 1970er und 1980er generellals Thema sichtbar gemacht, wurde es bereits in den 1990er Jahren ein gleichstellungspolitisches Thema an Hochschulen (z. B. Bußmann und Lange 1996). Seitdem scheinenErkenntnisse über S(B)DG an Hochschulen jedoch verloren gegangen (Schüz et al. 2021,S. 14) oder marginalisiert worden zu sein, zumal sich im Zuge der Institutionalisierungder Gleichstellung an Hochschulen Geschlechterpolitik und feministische Wissensproduktion voneinander gelöst haben (ebd., S. 15). Im Zusammenhang mit medialen Debattenum #MeToo erfährt das Thema seit einiger Zeit nun auch an Hochschulen (wieder) mehr Aufmerksamkeit.
Schlagwörter:abuse; bullying; Gewalt; harassment; Hochschule; Machtmissbrauch; prevention; sexual abuse; sexual assault; sexuelle Belästigung; students; university; violence
CEWS Kategorie:Hochschulen, Sexuelle Belästigung und Gewalt
Dokumenttyp:Sammelwerk