Quelle: Diversity and Discrimination in Research. Jörg Müller (Hrsg.), Clemens Striebing (Hrsg.), Martina Schraudner (Hrsg.), Bingley: Emerald Publishing Limited. 2023, S 289–329
Inhalt: Building on work that explores the relationship between individual beliefs and ability to recognize discrimination (e.g., Kaiser and Major, 2006), we examine how an adherence to beliefs about gender essentialism, gender egalitarianism, and meritocracy shape one’s interpretation of an illegal act of sexual harassment involving a male supervisor and female subordinate. We also consider whether the role of the gendered culture of engineering (Faulkner, 2009) matters for this relationship. Specifically, we conducted an online survey-experiment asking individuals to report their beliefs about gender and meritocracy and subsequently to evaluate a fictitious but illegal act of sexual harassment in one of two university research settings: an engineering department, a male-dominated setting whose culture is documented as being unwelcoming to women (Hatmaker, 2013; Seron, Silbey, Cech, and Rubineau, 2018), and an ambiguous research setting. We find evidence that the stronger one’s adherence to gender egalitarian beliefs, the greater one’s ability to detect inappropriate behavior and sexual harassment while gender essentialist beliefs play no role in their detection. The stronger one’s adherence to merit beliefs, the less likely they are to view an illegal interaction as either inappropriate or as sexual harassment. We account for respondent knowledge of sexual harassment and their socio-demographic characteristics, finding that the former is more often associated with the detection of inappropriate behavior and sexual harassment at work. We close with a discussion of the transferability of results and policy implications of our findings.
Schlagwörter:beliefs; engineering education; Gender Role; meritocracy; sexual harassment; workplace harassment
CEWS Kategorie:Hochschulen, Sexuelle Belästigung und Gewalt
Quelle: Gender & Education, 35 (2023) 6-7, S 623–637
Inhalt: Despite the massive global scale of gender-based violence, little attention has been given to its significance in mediating student-victim-survivors’ experiences of higher education. We draw on and extend recent feminist theorizations of trauma as ‘durational’ to consider the significance of gender-based violence as a society-wide problem yet also integral to higher education equity initiatives, where the enduring impacts of gender-based violence for student-survivors is usually absent as an area of concern. In this article we draw on interview data from a qualitative study which explored how university student-victim-survivors of gender-based violence experienced participating in higher education. Participants challenges relating to lasting stress and anxiety, an undermined sense of capability, and difficulties meeting deadlines and academic expectations. These findings show the broader problem of gender-based violence should be viewed as a significant equity issue requiring an expanded approach to current higher education violence prevention efforts (Bacon [2022]. “The Intersubjective Responsibility of Durational Trauma: Contributions of Bergson and Levinas to the Philosophy of Trauma.” Continental Philosophy Review 55 (2): 159–175. doi:10.1007/s11007-021-09556-7 [Titel anhand dieser DOI in Citavi-Projekt übernehmen] ).
Inhalt: This article explores "how do victims-survivors of gender-based violence (GBV) experience and perceive justice?" based on interviews with 251 victims-survivors with experience of different types of GBV and criminal, civil, and family justice systems. Victims-survivors were found to have multiple perceptions of justice, related to different points in their journey following abuse and regarding individual, community, and societal responses. Perceptions relate to accountability; fairness in outcome and process; protection from future harm; recognition; agency; empowerment; affective justice; reparation; and social transformation. Current understandings of justice in legislative and policy approaches reproduce the "justice gap" by failing to take account of how survivors themselves understand and demand justice.
Quelle: Sex Res Soc Policy (Sexuality Research and Social Policy), (2023) , 15 S
Inhalt: Experiences of sexual harassment are common among university students. At the same time, research shows that victims and bystanders find it difficult to determine when an incident meets the criteria for sexual harassment. The aim of this study therefore was to obtain a richer and deeper understanding of the obstacles that university students encounter in identifying sexual harassment in the academic environment.
Schlagwörter:#MeToo; Beschwerde; comparative research; GBV; higher education policy; reporting; Sexual deviance; sexual harassment; students; victimization
Quelle: Gend Work Organ (Gender, Work and Organization), 30 (2023) 4, S 1387–1406
Inhalt: This work explores the processes of sexual violence and its consequences, within an organizational context through a detailed examination of a professional woman's experience. By centralizing Sofia's lived experiences, we demonstrate how acts of institutional betrayal occur when an organization protects a perpetrator and silences and further traumatizes a victim/survivor. Outwardly this organization purports to champion gender equality, but inwardly they reflect the values and misogynistic norms present in parts of the Australian culture. We lay bare the multiple ways inequity regimes intersect with the disadvantage experienced by Sofia as a junior employee, a migrant, and a woman. We detail and account for Sofia's story through a process of listening deeply and writing differently to illustrate how sexual harassment in the workplace is not confined to a victim/survivor-perpetrator dichotomy but is embedded within organizational structures, policies, processes, and employees themselves. We explore how power relations silenced both victim/survivors and bystanders who spoke out and failed to disrupt the status quo or hold the organization to its purported gender equality values. We describe Sofia's battle for justice within this organization and provide a conceptual framework that highlights how reluctant acquiescence is shaped and how systematic silence and silencing of victim/survivors was maintained.
Schlagwörter:inequality; inequality regime; institutional misogyny; Organisation; sexual harassment; silencing
Grenzverletzungen und Machtmissbrauch an Hochschulen durch Schutzkonzepte präventiv begegnen
Autor/in:
Wolff, Mechthild; Engelhardt, Steffi
Quelle: Diversität und Diskriminierung. Mina Mittertrainer (Hrsg.), Kerstin Oldemeier (Hrsg.), Barbara Thiessen (Hrsg.), Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien. 2023, S 261–272
Inhalt: Dargestellt wird der Entwicklungsprozess eines Schutzkonzeptes an der Fakultät Soziale Arbeit an der Hochschule Landshut. Dabei werden sowohl der Begründungszusammenhang als auch die Vorgehensweisen und die einzelnen Bestandteile beschrieben. Aufgezeigt werden zudem die Partizipationsmöglichkeiten für alle Fakultätsmitglieder sowie Studierende während des zweijährigen Entwicklungsprozesses.
International vergleichende Forschung über Formen geschlechtsbezogener Gewalt in Wissenschaftsorganisationen
Autor/in:
Lipinsky, Anke; Schredl, Claudia
Quelle: Sexualisierte Belästigung, Diskriminierung und Gewalt im Hochschulkontext. Sabine Blackmore (Hrsg.), Heike Pantelmann (Hrsg.), Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien. 2023, S 43–54
Inhalt: Zahlreiche empirische Prävalenzstudien befassen sich mit dem Vorkommen geschlechtsbezogener Gewalt in der Wissenschaft. Die theoretischen Ansätze und Konzepte, welche die Studiendesigns und Operationalisierung der empirischen Messinstrumente bestimmen, stellen sich in einer Überblicksstudie im direkten Vergleich als heterogen dar. Die Heterogenität betrifft die Operationalisierung von Geschlechterkonzepten genauso wie die Auswahl der behandelten Gewaltformen. Durch die Entwicklung eines gemeinsamen Bezugsrahmens aus drei Dimensionen (Kontext des Geschehens, Geschlecht, Gewalt) lassen sich Unterschiede herausstellen, die ausschlaggebend für das spätere Verständnis der jeweiligen Prävalenzdaten sind. Ausgangspunkt unserer Analyse ist ein Mapping von Umfragestudien und Messinstrumenten aus dem Themenbereich geschlechtsbezogener Gewalt unter besonderer Berücksichtigung von sexualisierter Belästigung und Gewalt. Unsere Auswertung von neun Umfragestudien stellt Erhebungsinstrumente in den Mittelpunkt, die für die empirische Forschung im Hochschul- und Wissenschaftskontext entwickelt und dort zur Datenerhebung eingesetzt wurden. Die Befunde unseres Mappings weisen auf konzeptionelle Entscheidungen bei der Erhebung von sexueller Belästigung und Übergriffen hin, die unter Berücksichtigung des jeweiligen Forschungskontexts und der späteren Nutzungsabsicht der Ergebnisse getroffen wurden, einen direkten Vergleich der Prävalenzniveaus jedoch erschweren. Die hier angewendete Methode des selektiven Vergleichs weist auf Grenzen und Möglichkeiten der kulturübergreifenden Interpretation von Prävalenzdaten hin, selbst wenn die Umfragen alle aus dem Hochschul- und Wissenschaftskontext stammen.
Schlagwörter:comparative; gender based violence; harassment; survey; vergleichende Forschung
CEWS Kategorie:Europa und Internationales, Sexuelle Belästigung und Gewalt
The Prospective Influence of Perceived Social Norms on Bystander Actions Against Sexual Violence and Relationship Abuse: A Multiple Mediation Model
Autor/in:
Mulla, Mazheruddin M.; Haikalis, Michelle; Orchowski, Lindsay M.; Berkowitz, Alan D.
Quelle: Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 37 (2022)
Inhalt: The present study assessed support for an innovative model of the direct and indirect paths through which perceived peer norms regarding the prevalence and acceptability of sexual violence (SV) and relationship abuse (RA) may influence the decisional process leading to bystander intervention. Analyses included baseline and 6-month follow-up data collected from a large sample of high school students (N = 2,303) across 27 schools in the Northeastern United States. Path analyses were conducted to test a multiple mediation model of the direct and indirect associations among the sequential predictors of perceived descriptive and injunctive norms, personal attitudes, abuse perceptions, risk recognition, and dependent measures of bystander behaviors at baseline and 6-month follow-up. Higher perceptions of the prevalence (descriptive norms) and acceptability (injunctive norms) of SV and RA among peers were associated with more accepting personal attitudes toward SV and RA, which were associated with lower abuse perceptions and risk recognition. Furthermore, lower abuse perceptions and risk recognition were associated with decreases in bystander behaviors at both time points. Mediational analyses revealed several significant indirect paths through which higher perceptions of descriptive and injunctive norms contributed to decreases in bystander behavior. Findings provide novel evidence of the prospective influence of perceived norms on bystander intervention behavior in situations of SV and RA.
From Bystanders to Upstanders: Supporters and Key Informants for Victims of Gender Violence
Autor/in:
Puigvert, Lidia; Soler-Gallart, Marta; Vidu, Ana
Quelle: International journal of environmental research and public health, 19 (2022) 14
Inhalt: Scientific literature has presented relevant evidence about the existence of gender violence in science and has evaluated some programs and actions against this problem. Although many researchers have identified the importance of those intervention programs to overcome this harassment, it is still a predominant reality in institutions, surrounded by the law of silence. Emerging lines of research are studying which of those programs are successful in this endeavor, and their transferability to other contexts. This research has analyzed one program: Programme of Women's Dialogic Action (ProWomenDialogue). To gather evidence for expressing whether or not ProWomenDialogue has an impact, and whether it constitutes a successful action against harassment, the SIOR (Social Impact Open Repository) criteria, emerging from the FP7 IMPACT-Project, have been used for the evaluation of this research's social impact. Drawing on SIOR, ProWomenDialogue shows unprecedented transformations in academia through six lines of action. The political impact led to legislation that made compulsory the creation of equality committees and protocols against sexual harassment. Social impact, aligned with SDG 5, inspires the reduction of GBV, while encouraging the career promotion of female researchers. ProWomenDialogue embodies a Successful Action platform against violence, presenting their features as recommendations to be implemented in other settings.
Schlagwörter:bystander intervention; Evaluation; isolation; Measure; sexual harassment; social implication; upstander; violence