Non-Randomized Response Models: An Experimental Application of the Triangular Model as an Indirect Questioning Method for Sensitive Topics
Autor/in:
Erdmann, Anke
Quelle: Methods, data, analyses : a journal for quantitative methods and survey methodology (mda), 13 (2019) 1, S 139-167
Inhalt: When it comes to sensitive questions, data is often affected by bias due to non-response or effects of social desirability. Several methods have been introduced to eliminate answer bias by using randomization processes and probabilistic theory to obscure the respondent’s answer and create anonymity, thus facilitating honest answers. The probably most traditional method is the Randomized Response Technique by Warner (1965). However, this method is loaded with certain disadvantages. Therefore, in the last decade, newer methods were introduced that aim at balancing the disadvantages and weaknesses of previous methods, for instance, the non-randomized models Crosswise Model and Triangular Model (Yu et al. 2008) as well as the Parallel Model (Tian 2014). Although especially the Triangular Model is easy to implement in a study, there is only little empirical evidence on its application in different survey modes and populations. Further, it is to assume that certain questions are not equally sensitive for everybody due to specific personal characteristics. Thus, indirect questioning might not be effective in general but only for certain populations. The present study extends prior work on the Triangular Model by evaluating it for different subgroups. The conducted experiment asks for sensitive characteristics in the context of mental stress among students. The Triangular Model achieves significantly higher percentages than conventional direct questioning for illegal drug use among persons that answer socially desirable according to the characteristic of Self-Deception. For the other analyzed subgroups (Impression Management, gender, and depressiveness), the Triangular Model could not achieve higher prevalence rates compared to direct questioning on a sufficient probability level. But still, hard evidence on the effectiveness of indirect questioning models is thin and further critical discussion is needed.
Schlagwörter:Umfrageforschung; survey research; Datengewinnung; data capture; Datenqualität; data quality; Antwortverhalten; response behavior; soziale Erwünschtheit; social desirability; Anonymität; anonymity; psychische Gesundheit; mental health; Drogenkonsum; drug use; Triangular Model; Indirect Questioning; Survey Methodology; Non-Randomized Response
SSOAR Kategorie:Erhebungstechniken und Analysetechniken der Sozialwissenschaften
Quelle: Flensburg (Schriftenreihe für erweiterte Replikationen, Crowdsourcing und empirische Theorieüberprüfung, 3), 2019. 8 S
Inhalt: Das Problem der ’männlichen Depression’ besteht darin, dass Männer von einer falsch-negativen Diagnose von Depression stärker betroffen sind als Frauen. Einige Befunde deuten darauf hin, dass sich das für Männer erhöhte Risiko einer Fehldiagnose mit einer spezifisch 'männlichen' Ausprägung von Depressionserkrankungen erklären lässt. Zudem wird vermutet, dass es geschlechts- und gender-spezifische Risikofaktoren für Depression
gibt. Beide Fragen - nach der geschlechtsspezifischen Symptomatik und den geschlechts- bzw. gender-spezifischen Prädiktoren - werden mit Surveydaten empirisch untersucht. Die Vermutung typisch 'männlicher' Depressionssymptome kann bestätigt werden. Von den untersuchten Risikofaktoren hat lediglich das Vorliegen einer chronischen Erkrankung einen
geschlechtsspezifischen Effekt auf das Risiko, an einer Depression zu erkranken.
Das andere Achtundsechzig - Als Gretchen und Helke und Sarah und Sigrid Revolution machten
Autor/in:
König, Armin
Quelle: (2019)
Inhalt: Rezension zu: Hodenberg, Christina, von: Das andere Achtundsechzig : Gesellschaftsgeschichte einer Revolte. München: C.H. Beck 2018. 978-3-406-71971-4. Abstract: 50 Jahre nach "1968" ist es Zeit für einen frischen Blick auf die Ereignisse, die bis heute die Republik spalten. Anhand von erstmals ausgewerteten neuen Quellen erschüttert Christina von Hodenberg die alten Gewissheiten und zeigt das andere Achtundsechzig jenseits der immer wieder erzählten Legenden. In unserer Erinnerung ist Achtundsechzig eine Angelegenheit junger männlicher Studenten in Großstädten wie Berlin und Frankfurt. Im Hintergrund wirkt ein Generationenkonflikt, der sich aus dem Streit um die NS-Vergangenheit speist. Rudi Dutschke, der SDS und die Berliner Kommune I stehen im Mittelpunkt der Darstellung. Doch war das wirklich alles? In ihrem glänzend geschriebenen Buch zeigt Christina von Hodenberg, was an diesem Bild nicht stimmt und was es auslässt. Achtundsechzig war auch weiblich, es spielte ebenso abseits der großen Metropolen, die NS-Vergangenheit war nicht die zentrale Antriebskraft und die Eltern hatten viel mehr Verständnis für die Anliegen ihrer Kinder, als es im Rückblick scheint. Indem es das in den Blick nimmt, was sonst meist ausgeblendet wird, liefert dieses Buch die erste wahre Gesellschaftsgeschichte der Revolte von 1968.
Schlagwörter:Studentenbewegung; student movement; Protestbewegung; protest movement; Feminismus; feminism; politische Bewegung; political movement; woman; Federal Republic of Germany; Geschichte 1968; Studentenrevolte; Dutschke, Rudi
SSOAR Kategorie:Sozialgeschichte, historische Sozialforschung, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung
Using fiction to reveal truth: challenges of using vignettes to understand participant experiences within qualitative research
Titelübersetzung:Zum Verständnis der Erfahrungen von Forschungsteilnehmenden in qualitativen Forschungsprojekten
Autor/in:
Rizvi, Sana
Quelle: Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung / Forum: Qualitative Social Research, 20 (2019) 1, 18 S
Inhalt: Vignettes are increasingly used within qualitative studies to research difficult topics, requiring ethical mindfulness and sensitivity from researchers. In this article, I examine the methodological issues of incorporating vignettes within qualitative research, specifically my research exploring South Asian maternal experiences of supporting their children with special education needs and disability (SEND). I present participants with seven vignettes concerning the roles of religion, culture, gender and immigrant history. By presenting the participants' responses, I explore the applicability of two ensuing methodological concerns: 1. Are authentic representations useful and straightforward measure of vignette's effectiveness? 2. Do reduced socially desired responses reflect the effectiveness of a vignette? I consider these questions in detail, as well as how addressing the first issue affected my commitment to the second issue. I conclude that vignettes can be a rich point of reference from which participants can exercise agency and actively construct their own understanding of the issues presented in the vignettes.
We live here, and we are queer!: young gay connected migrants' transnational ties and integration in the Netherlands
Autor/in:
Patterson, Jeffrey; Leurs, Koen
Quelle: Media and Communication, 7 (2019) 1, S 90-101
Inhalt: Upon arrival to Europe, young migrants are found grappling with new language demands, cultural expectations, values, and beliefs that may differ from global youth culture and their country of origin. This process of coming-of-age while on-the-move is increasingly digitally mediated. Young migrants are "connected migrants", using smart phones and social media to maintain bonding ties with their home country while establishing new bridging relationships with peers in their country of arrival (Diminescu, 2008). Drawing on the feminist perspective of intersectionality which alerts us socio-cultural categories like age, race, nationality, migration status, gender and sexuality impact upon identification and subordination, we contend it is problematic to homogenize these experiences to all gay young adult migrants. The realities of settlement and integration starkly differ between desired migrants -such as elite expatriates and heterosexuals – and those living on the margins of Europe- forced migrants and lesbian, gay, trans, queer and intersex (LGBTQI) migrants. Drawing on 11 in-depth interviews conducted in Amsterdam, the Netherlands with gay young adult forced and voluntary migrants, this paper aims to understand how sexual identification in tandem with bonding and bridging social capital diverge and converge between the two groups all while considering the interplay between their online and offline entanglements of their worlds.
Schlagwörter:Sozialkapital; social capital; Migrant; migrant; Diaspora; diaspora; Digitale Medien; digital media; soziale Beziehungen; social relations; ethnische Beziehungen; ethnic relations; Sexualität; sexuality; Homosexualität; homosexuality; Soziale Medien; social media; Jugendlicher; adolescent; Kommunikation; communication; Niederlande; Netherlands; Transsexualität; transsexualism
SSOAR Kategorie:Migration, interpersonelle Kommunikation, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung
Quelle: Media and Communication, 7 (2019) 1, S 1-3
Inhalt: This editorial delivers an introduction to the Media and Communication thematic issue on "Communicating on/with Minorities" around the world. This thematic issue presents a multidisciplinary look at the field of communicating on and with different members of minority groups who, based on gender, ethnicity, sexual orientation, or a background in migration, experience relative disadvantage and marginalization compared to the dominant social group. The contributors to this thematic issue present a variety of professional contexts (i.e., portrayals in journalistic content, in fiction and non-fiction audiovisual content, on social media platforms and in health care). Taken together, the contributions examine various theoretical angles, thereby adopting new research directions through the use of quantitative, qualitative or mixed methodologies.
SSOAR Kategorie:interpersonelle Kommunikation, soziale Probleme, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Allgemeine Soziologie, Makrosoziologie, spezielle Theorien und Schulen, Entwicklung und Geschichte der Soziologie
Representation of women in the news: balancing between career and family life
Autor/in:
Vandenberghe, Hanne
Quelle: Media and Communication, 7 (2019) 1, S 4-12
Inhalt: An in-depth literature review showed that women, despite their increasingly prominent roles worldwide, continue to be persistently underrepresented and stereotyped in news media. This study aimed to investigate the extent to which the representation of women changed over time in two Dutch-speaking Belgian newspapers De Standaard and Het Laatste Nieuws. An automated quantitative content analysis revealed that there is no increase of the number of women in the newspapers between 2005 and 2015. On the contrary, women are significantly less represented over time in the popular newspaper Het Laatste Nieuws. A qualitative analysis on two cases about women stepping into a leadership position -in 2012 (Catherine De Bolle as head of the Federal police) and in 2014 (Dominique Leroy as CEO of a Belgian telecom company)- showed that the press emphasised their femininity, their being a role model for other women, their being part of a family and having certain looks. Moreover, these women are clearly portrayed as "the best candidate" pointing at the selection procedures and their capabilities to perform professionally. Probably, this strong emphasis is a way of justifying that these women are not selected because of positive discrimination. Further analysis of cases of both men and women stepping into top positions across countries and media platforms is recommended.
Quelle: Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung / Forum: Qualitative Social Research, 20 (2019) 1, 37 S
Inhalt: Despite the social normalisation and moral de-problematisation of separation and divorce, they are usually anything but normal or unproblematic events for those affected. The events have to be ordered, the separation needs to be legitimised and one's own identity requires rehabilitation; this can result in striking narrative dynamics in qualitative interviews dealing with separation. Previous research has revealed the connection between the form, content, and function of separation talk as well as social differentiation: role, gender, and socio-structural factors. To the functional analyses of the narratives, of 46 interviews (23 ex-couples) in our study "Couples after separation", we add, as a further and superordinate differentiation, the category of social milieu. We exemplify our argument that separation talk varies depending on this dimension by exploring the contrasting individualised and traditional milieus. They differ in a fundamental way in their relationship models and corresponding separation legitimations, and in their plausibility strategies and in their conception of what constitutes a desirable identity. Beyond the concrete subject of separation and separation talk, we also touch on two important aspects of qualitative research: the differentiation of milieus and the relationship between performance and representation in interviews.
Arbeitskultur und Arbeitsatmosphäre in der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft : Kurzbericht
Autor/in:
Schraudner, Martina; Hochfeld, Katharina; Striebing, Clemens
Quelle: Center for Responsible Research and Innovation am Fraunhofer IAO, 2019.
Inhalt: Der hier vorliegende Kurzbericht beruht auf einer vom Präsidenten der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft beim Center for Responsible Research and Innovation am Fraunhofer IAO in Auftrag gegebenen und im Februar/März 2019 durchgeführten Online-Befragung aller Beschäftigten der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft. Noch nie hat eine Organisation der Spitzenforschung derart umfassend ihre Arbeitskultur, insbesondere hinsichtlich Mobbing und sexueller Diskriminierung untersuchen lassen. Entsprechend sind die Ergebnisse der Studie kaum vergleichbar. Soweit möglich, lässt sich aber festhalten, dass die Selbstzuschreibung von Mobbingerfahrungen in den letzten 12 Monaten (10,2%) im Vergleich mit internationalen Studien, in denen überwiegend Universitäten untersucht wurden, im durchschnittlichen Bereich liegt. Die Selbstzuschreibung von sexueller Diskriminierung (3,9%) liegt im unterdurchschnittlichen Bereich. Im Allgemeinen werden Mobbing und sexuelle Diskriminierung nur selten gemeldet und es besteht wenig Vertrauen in die Wirksamkeit der Meldewege. Dies gilt auch für die Max-Planck-Gesellschaft. Auffallend ist, dass die Direktoren und Direktorinnen sowie Nachwuchsgruppenleitungen am häufigsten angeben sexistisches Verhalten zu erfahren (26,3% verglichen mit 22,5% der Postdoktoranden/-innen und 24,8% der Doktoranden/-innen).
Mobbing tritt eher als ein Gruppenphänomen auf, bei dem mehrere „Mobbende“ auftreten und unter denen in der Regel die direkte Führungskraft und/oder Kollegen/-innen der eigenen Gruppe sind. Im Vergleich dazu ist sexuelle Diskriminierung – zugespitzt – ein biltaerales Problem bei dem die Arbeitsbeziehung eine untergeordnete Rolle zu spielen scheint.
Schlagwörter:Arbeitsbedingungen; Arbeitsklima; Außeruniversitäre Forschung; climate survey; Deutschland; Diskriminierung am Arbeitsplatz; Mobbing; Nachwuchswissenschaftlerin; sexuelle Belästigung; Spitzenforschung; work culture
CEWS Kategorie:Außerhochschulische Forschung, Sexuelle Belästigung und Gewalt
Harassment in Dutch academia : Exploring manifestations, facilitating factors, effects and solutions
Autor/in:
Naezer, Marijke; van den Brink, Marieke; Benschop, Yvonne
Quelle: LNVH; , 2019. 52 S
Inhalt: The aim of this study was to start developing knowledge that can contribute to creating an inclusive environment for all academics. Since research has shown that women academics face more barriers during their academic career and are still underrepresented in senior positions (LNVH 2017, Van den Brink and Benschop 2014), this study focused on the experiences of women. This is only a first step, and the report is explicitly meant to be a starting point for more elaborate and extensive research into the topic of harassment in academia – also among men and non-binary academics.
Starting from the experiences of women academics, this study was guided by the following research questions:
1. What practices of harassment can be identified in the stories and narratives of academic women? Is it possible to discern multiple manifestations of harassment?
2. What experiences are reported by whom? Which preliminary patterns can we discern?
3. What structural and cultural characteristics and developments in the academic system facilitate harassment?
4. What are the consequences of harassment for individuals, organisations and science in general?
5. What are promising suggestions for limiting negative consequences and for preventing harassment in academia?
This research provides a qualitative exploration that analyses the “what, why and how” of harassment, rather than its prevalence or other quantitative characteristics.