Harassment as a consequence and cause of inequality in academia: A narrative review
Autor/in:
Täuber, Susanne; Loyens, Kim; Oertelt-Prigione, Sabine; Kubbe, Ina
Quelle: eClinicalMedicine, 49 (2022) , 101486 S
Details
Inhalt: A growing body of literature suggests that over the past 30 years, policies aimed at tackling harassment in academia have had little discernable effect. How can this impasse be overcome to make the higher education sector a safe space for everyone? We combine the areas of harassment and inequality, intersectionality, policy-practice gaps, gender sensitive medicine, as well as corruption and whistleblower processes to identify lacunae and offer recommendations for how to apply our recommendations in practice. We have been searching the most influential, relevant, and recent literature on harassment and inequality in our respective fields of expertise. By studying conceptual overlaps between the different fields, we were able to create insights that go beyond the insights of the most recent reviews. Our synthesis results in three concrete recommendations. First, harassment and inequality are mutually reinforcing. Failure to adequately tackle harassment contributes to perpetuating and reproducing inequality. Further, the intersectional nature of inequality has to be acknowledged and acted upon. Second, enforcing anti-harassment policies should be a top priority for universities, funders, and policymakers. Third, sexual harassment should be treated as institutional-level integrity failure. The higher education sector should now focus on enforcing existing anti-harassment policies by holding universities accountable for their effective implementation - or risk being complicit in maintaining and reproducing inequality.
CEWS Kategorie:Sexuelle Belästigung und Gewalt
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Student violence towards teaching assistants in UK schools: a case of gender-based violence
Autor/in:
Holt, Amanda; Birchall, Jenny
Quelle: Gender and Education, (2022) , S 1–16
Details
Inhalt: In recent years significant research attention has focused on the problem of student violence in schools and, to a lesser extent, on its relationship to gender-based violence. However, student violence towards teaching assistants has not been studied, despite evidence suggesting that teaching assistants are at significantly more risk from student violence than other staff members. In this article, we draw on data from 16 in-depth interviews with teaching assistants who have experienced student violence. We conclude that violence towards teaching assistants is ignored, in both research and in schools, precisely because of the feminized and under-valued nature of the role, and argue that the continual victimization of teaching assistants diminishes their status further. We highlight its parallels with gender-based violence and argue that applying such a framework is key to recognizing the personal and social harms that this violence causes and the organizational responses that leaves teaching assistants particularly vulnerable.
Schlagwörter:academic staff; gender-based violence; geschlechtsbezogene Gewalt; Interview; qualitative method; qualitative Methode; student; teacher student interaction; violence; wissenschaftliches Personal
CEWS Kategorie:Studium und Studierende, Wissenschaft als Beruf, Sexuelle Belästigung und Gewalt
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
"I Felt Powerful and Confident": Women's Use of What They Learned in Feminist Sexual Assault Resistance Education
Autor/in:
Crann, Sara E.; Senn, Charlene Y.; Radtke, H. Lorraine; Hobden, Karen L.
Quelle: Psychology of Women Quarterly, 46 (2022) 2, S 147–161
Details
Inhalt: Research on women's response and resistance to sexual assault risk has informed the development of interventions to improve women's ability to effectively resist sexual assault. However, little is known about how women anticipate, navigate, and respond to risk following participation in sexual assault risk reduction/resistance education programs. In this study, we examined the information and skills used by university women who had recently completed the effective Enhanced Assess, Acknowledge, Act (EAAA) sexual assault resistance program. We analyzed responses from 445 women using descriptive statistics and content and thematic analysis. Just under half (42%) of women used at least one EAAA strategy in the following 2 years. Most women reported that their efforts were successful in stopping an attack. Women's responses included strategies both to preempt sexual assault threat (e.g., avoiding men who display danger cues, communicating assertively about wanted and unwanted sex) and to interrupt or avoid an imminent threat (e.g., yelling, hitting, and kicking). Women's use of resistance strategies worked to subvert gendered social norms and socialization. The results suggest that counter to criticisms that risk reduction/resistance programs blame women or make them responsible for stopping men's violence, women who took EAAA typically positioned themselves as agentic and empowered in their resistance.
Schlagwörter:empowerment; Intervention; resistance; sexual assault; university; women
CEWS Kategorie:Sexuelle Belästigung und Gewalt
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Does Setting Matter? An Exploratory Examination of Victimization Risk Reduction Strategies Among Female College Students Studying Abroad
Autor/in:
Tamborra, Tracy L.; Dutton, Leila B.; Narchet, Fadia M.; Cuevas, Carlos A.
Quelle: Violence against women, 28 (2022) 10, S 2493–2506
Details
Inhalt: This exploratory project assessed whether female college students studying abroad engage in more risk reduction strategies (RRSs) when abroad than in their community of origin and whether changes in students' use of RRSs while abroad are related to a variety of factors (e.g., fear of victimization, year of study). Results revealed that students engaged in significantly more RRSs while abroad and that students studying in Africa were more likely to increase their use of RRSs. Seniors engaged in fewer RRSs. Results extend the RRS literature by confirming that the employment of strategies is location dependent and associated with other factors.
Schlagwörter:College; international academic mobility; Mobilität; Risikoverhalten; Risk; student; victimization
CEWS Kategorie:Sexuelle Belästigung und Gewalt
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
The role of (in)visibility in hate crime targeting transgender people
Autor/in:
Colliver, Ben; Silvestri, Marisa
Quelle: Criminology & Criminal Justice, 22 (2022) 2, S 235–253
Details
Inhalt: This article explores incidents of hate crime targeted at transgender people. Drawing on in-depth interview data, it challenges and extends established theorisations of the significance of ‘difference’ and ‘vulnerability’ in relation to victimisation. It introduces and emphasises the idea of ‘visibility’ as a more useful lens through which to understand the systematic harm caused by hate crime victimisation. Through an analysis of complex identities, the article argues that current conceptualisations of ‘visibility’ do not appreciate the complex, intersectional nature of visibility, which is key in understanding how people navigate their identities in different spaces and contexts.
Schlagwörter:Differenz; intersektionale Gewalt; interviews; Transgender; victimization; visibility; vulnerability
CEWS Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Sexuelle Belästigung und Gewalt
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Sexual Harassment in the Academy: Harnessing the Growing Labor Movement in Higher Education to Address Sexual Harassment Against Graduate Workers
Autor/in:
O'Callaghan, Erin; Shepp, Veronica; Kirkner, Anne; Lorenz, Katherine
Quelle: Violence against women, 28 (2022) 12-13, S 3266–3288
Details
Inhalt: Higher education is not immune to the epidemic of sexual harassment in the United States, particularly sexual harassment of graduate workers. This is due largely to power differentials of status and income, as academia relies on low-wage work. While the literature shows sexual harassment is prevalent across disciplines, current work to address the problem does not account for graduate worker precarity. The graduate labor movement, which addresses precarity, is beginning to tackle sexual harassment. We review how the labor and anti-gender-based violence movements in higher education should come together to prevent sexual harassment, presenting recommendations for structural changes to academia.
Schlagwörter:Gender; Hochschule; organisational behaviour; policy analysis; Precarious employment; sexual harassment; sexuelle Belästigung
CEWS Kategorie:Sexuelle Belästigung und Gewalt
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Intersectionality and Non-Reporting Behavior: Perceptions from Women of Color in Federal Law Enforcement
Autor/in:
Yu, Helen H.
Quelle: Review of Public Personnel Administration, 42 (2022) 3, S 574–592
Details
Inhalt: Since the passage of the No FEAR Act of 2002, scholars across various disciplines have examined women’s reporting behavior toward sex-based discrimination. Most of the scholarship has concentrated on why women do not report sex-based discrimination, with this study being no exception. Missing, however, from this research is the intersectionality of race and gender, as most studies capture women as a homogeneous group without regard to race or ethnicity. Using a subsample of women who responded “yes” to having experienced sex-based discrimination (n=550) in the workplace but chose not to report the unlawful behavior, this study employs a series of mean comparisons to differentiate women’s non-reporting behavior by race or ethnicity. The findings suggest women of color as a group, as well as African-American and Latina respondents by their respective minority race or ethnic subgroup, have differences in non-reporting behavior in comparison to White women. These findings are important because they illustrate a more accurate examination of women’s reporting behavior in the workplace.
Schlagwörter:discrimination; harassment; intersectional; reporting; workplace culture
CEWS Kategorie:Sexuelle Belästigung und Gewalt
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Sexual and sexist harassment in Spanish universities: policy implementation and resistances against gender equality measures
Autor/in:
Lombardo, Emanuela; Bustelo, Maria
Quelle: Journal of Gender Studies, 31 (2022) 1, S 8–22
Details
Schlagwörter:gender equality policy; resistance; sexual harassment; Spain; Spanien; university; Widerstand
CEWS Kategorie:Gleichstellungspolitik, Sexuelle Belästigung und Gewalt
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Who do They Tell? College Students' Formal and Informal Disclosure of Sexual Violence, Sexual Harassment, Stalking, and Dating Violence by Gender, Sexual Identity, and Race
Autor/in:
Mennicke, Annelise; Coates, Constance Austin; Jules, Bridget; Langhinrichsen-Rohling, Jennifer
Quelle: Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 37 (2022) 21-22, 28 S
Details
Inhalt: Disclosure of interpersonal violence (i.e., sexual violence, sexual harassment, dating violence, and stalking) is often the first step toward receiving social and systemic support. Research demonstrates that sexual assault and dating violence survivors on college campuses are more likely to disclosure to informal sources (i.e., friends and family) than formal sources (e.g., police, Title IX, counseling centers). However, there is limited research examining disclosure rates after other forms of violence (i.e., stalking, sexual harassment), and little is known about the impact of the survivors' identities on disclosure. Utilizing four academic years (2016-2019) of aggregated campus climate data from a large Southeastern university, the current study examined rates of disclosure across experiences of sexual violence, sexual harassment, dating violence, and stalking while identifying whether the prevalence and type of disclosure (formal versus informal-only) differed by gender, sexual orientation, and/or race/ethnicity. Of 8,017 participants, 4.6% reported sexual violence, 18.9% reported sexual harassment, 12.3% reported dating violence, and 11.3% reported stalking in the past academic year. Results of multinomial logistic regression indicated that, across all four types of violence, men (as compared to women) had lower odds of disclosing both informally-only and formally. Bisexual as compared to heterosexual students had higher odds of formal disclosure of sexual harassment and stalking while gay/lesbian students had higher odds of formally disclosing sexual harassment. Individuals of another race/ethnicity (compared to White students) had lower odds of informal-only disclosure of dating violence. Findings underscore the need to implement programs to improve the social reactions of friends and family members receiving disclosures, and to increase culturally-tailored service provision.
Schlagwörter:disclosure; psychological wellbeing; reporting; sexual assault; sexual harassment; stalking
CEWS Kategorie:Sexuelle Belästigung und Gewalt
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Women Academics' Intersectional Experiences of Policy Ineffectiveness in the European Context
Autor/in:
Täuber, Susanne
Quelle: Front. Psychol. (Frontiers in Psychology), 13 (2022) , 1 S
Details
Inhalt: Despite policy efforts targeted at making universities more inclusive and equitable, academia is still rife with harassment and bullying, and opportunities are far from equal for everyone. The present preregistered survey research (N = 91) aimed to explore whether an intersectional approach can be useful to examine the tangible effects of policy ineffectiveness, even when legislative and ideologic constraints limit the possibility to conduct a full-fledged intersectional analysis. Policy ineffectiveness was operationalized as experiences of harassment, discrimination, institutional resistance to gender equality, and retaliation against reporters of misconduct in universities. Policy ineffectiveness was negatively related to women academics' inclination to pursue an academic career. This relationship was mediated by lower levels of psychological safety associated with policy ineffectiveness. Importantly, women academics who differ from the majority on multiple dimensions show a stronger and more negative relationship between policy ineffectiveness and psychological safety. The study further shows that self-report measures are useful to uncover intersectional privilege afforded to overrepresented groups in academia. The study discusses the benefits of intersectional approaches for designing and implementing effective policies to tackle harassment and inequality in academia, even when the available methodologies are constrained by legislation and ideology. Overall, self-report measurement can have an important function for signalling areas that warrant further intersectional inquiry to ensure that policies serve everyone.
Schlagwörter:academia; Belästigung; bullying; effectiveness; harassment; Hochschulbeschäftigte*r; intersektionale Gewalt; Mobbing; policy implementation; safe space; voicing
CEWS Kategorie:Hochschulen, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Sexuelle Belästigung und Gewalt
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz