The creative and rigorous use of art in health care research
Titelübersetzung:Die kreative und konsequente Nutzung von Kunst in der Gesundheitsforschung
Autor/in:
Nguyen, Megan
Quelle: Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung / Forum: Qualitative Social Research, 19 (2018) 2, 21 S
Inhalt: Obwohl kunstbasierte Verfahren in der Gesundheitsforschung an Popularität gewonnen haben, werden sie eher selten systematisch integriert. Gerade weil menschliches Erleben jedoch komplex und emotional ist, wäre es unangemessen, auf Methoden zu verzichten, die unterschiedliche Erfahrensweisen mobilisieren. Ich diskutiere deshalb in diesem Beitrag, wie diese Verfahren kreativ und konsequent im Forschungsprozess genutzt werden können. Hierzu nutze ich Beispiele aus meiner Masterarbeit, in der mich mit den Liebesbeziehungen von Frauen beschäftigt habe, die an einem Reizdarmsyndrom leiden. Die Ergebnisse veranschaulichen, dass mittels kunstbasierter Ansätze unterschiedliche Wissensformen sowie der Ausdruck von persönlichem Denken und Fühlen eruiert werden können, wenn über herkömmliche Wege der Wissensgenerierung hinausgegangen wird. Ich zeige, wie dies in jedem Abschnitt des Forschungsprozesses gelingen kann.
Inhalt: The adoption of arts-based research methods is gaining popularity in health care yet few of these methods integrate the arts throughout the inquiry. Given that so much of the human experience is imbued with emotion and complexity, it would be counter-intuitive to omit research methods, such as the arts, that mobilize different ways of thinking. The purpose of this article is to discuss the creative and rigorous use of art throughout the research process, drawing on the example of a graduate research study that explored women's narratives of intimate relationships while living with irritable bowel syndrome. The findings reveal that the arts can evoke a different kind of knowing and can portray the artist's personal thoughts and feelings without the use of words. Embracing creative functioning through the arts necessitates surrendering conventional ways of pursuing knowledge. This work advances research to date on arts methodology by explicating how the arts can be used to support each stage of the research.
Demonstrating How to Best Examine Group-based Segregation: A Statistical and Conceptual Multilevel Approach
Autor/in:
Spörlein, Christoph; Schlueter, Elmar
Quelle: Methods, data, analyses : a journal for quantitative methods and survey methodology (mda), 12 (2018) 2, S 211-232
Inhalt: Segregation between ethnic or sociodemographic groups represents a longstanding key independent and dependent variable for the social sciences. However, researchers have only recently begun to take advantage of inferential rather than descriptive statistical techniques
in order to assess various aspects of segregation. Specifically, this paper shows that the multilevel binomial response approach suggested by Leckie et al. (2012) provides a particularly flexible framework for describing and explaining segregation in ways not previously possible. Taking the index of dissimilarity (D) as an example we demonstrate how the multilevel binomial response approach helps to reduce the problem of small unit bias, allows to asses segregation at different scales and enables researchers to better understand the role of individual- and contextual-level explanatory variables in shaping segregation. To this end, we employ three case studies focusing on different manifestations of ethnic and gender segregation using survey data from urban, national and cross-national settings.
Schlagwörter:ethnische Gruppe; ethnic group; Minderheit; minority; Gruppenzugehörigkeit; group membership; Segregation; segregation; gender-specific factors; sozioökonomische Faktoren; socioeconomic factors; Datengewinnung; data capture; Simulation; simulation; vergleichende Forschung; comparative research; index of dissimilarity; composition; context; multilevel modelling
SSOAR Kategorie:Erhebungstechniken und Analysetechniken der Sozialwissenschaften, Allgemeine Soziologie, Makrosoziologie, spezielle Theorien und Schulen, Entwicklung und Geschichte der Soziologie
From Romanian "soul" to english "heart": dilemmas of cultural and gender representation in translating qualitative data
Titelübersetzung:Von der rumänischen "Seele" zum englischen "Herz": Dilemmata von Kultur- und Gender-Repräsentation bei der Übersetzung qualitativer Daten
Autor/in:
Macht, Alexandra
Quelle: Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung / Forum: Qualitative Social Research, 19 (2018) 2, 18 S
Inhalt: In diesem Artikel stelle ich dar, dass beim Übersetzen in der interkulturellen Forschung eine linguistische Hierarchie hervorgebracht wird, wobei die englische Sprache die rumänische Sprache unterordnet. Ich illustriere meine Argumentation mit Beispielen aus 47 qualitativen Interviews mit schottischen und rumänischen Vätern, in denen es um das Thema "Liebe" geht. Ich beschreibe, wie ich in meiner Rolle als anglo-rumänische zweisprachige Interpretin unbeabsichtigt zur Entstehung dieser Hierarchie beigetragen habe. Beim Übersetzen geschah dies, indem ich das Rumänisch dem Englischen anglich, um die Bedeutungen, Werte und Gefühle rumänischer Väter einem hauptsächlich englischsprachigen Publikum zu vermitteln. Durch emotionale Reflexivität und Fokussierung auf Genderfragen im Rahmen der Verantwortung der Wissensproduktion löste ich eine Reihe linguistischer Spannungen. Die Übertragung emotionaler Bedeutungen in eine andere Sprache hat paradoxer Weise die gravierende positive Konsequenz, den Fokus in der Forschung vom Zentrum auf die Ränder zu verlagern: Dies erhöht die Sichtbarkeit einer normalerweise übersehenen Gruppe von Menschen mit einem bestimmten kulturellen Hintergrund.
Inhalt: In this article I argue that translation in cross-cultural research leads to the construction of a certain linguistic hierarchy, wherein the English language subordinates the Romanian language. I illustrate my arguments with examples from 47 qualitative interviews with Scottish and Romanian fathers on the topic of love. To situate this argument, I describe how in my role as an Anglo-Romanian bilingual interpreter I inadvertently contributed to the creation of this hierarchy. This happened through translation as I was fitting Romanian into English to disseminate the meanings, values and emotions of Romanian fathers to a primarily English-speaking audience. At the same time by employing emotional reflexivity and focusing on gender matters in the context of shared responsibility of constructing knowledge, I resolved some linguistic tensions. Paradoxically, by carrying emotional meanings across into another language, there is the main positive consequence of moving the focus in research from the center to the margins, as it increases the visibility of a usually overlooked sample of people from a specific cultural background.
Das Paarinterview in der soziologischen Paarforschung: method(olog)ische und forschungspraktische Überlegungen
Titelübersetzung:Joint Couple Interviews in Sociological Research on Couples: Methodological and Practical Considerations
Autor/in:
Wimbauer, Christine; Motakef, Mona
Quelle: Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung / Forum: Qualitative Social Research, 18 (2017) 2, 35 S
Inhalt: Paarinterviews erlauben die Erfassung von Interaktionen, Aushandlungen, Performances und Präsentationen des Paares und als Paar in situ. Sie liefern Einblicke in die konkrete Paarpraxis und in die Darstellung der Praxis im Interview als doing couple, aber auch als doing gender, doing family, doing recognition oder doing inequality. Mit dem Blick auf Individuen in Paarbeziehungen mittels Paarinterviews können Macht- und Ungleichheitsverhältnisse im Paar sowie die Prozesshaftigkeit und Dynamik des Sozialen ausschnitthaft beobachtet werden. Paarinterviews werden in der nichtstandardisierten Sozialforschung zunehmend, jedoch weitaus seltener als Einzelinterviews verwendet. Bisher gibt es im deutschsprachigen Raum kaum systematische methodische und methodologische Überlegungen zum gemeinsamen Paarinterview. Basierend auf der Fassung von Paarbeziehungen als Realität sui generis und als eigenständigem Analysegegenstand zeigen wir - verortet im interpretativen Paradigma - Erkenntnisinteressen, Anwendungsbereiche und Stärken von Paarinterviews für die soziologische Paarforschung auf. Zudem präsentieren wir neben ausgewählten soziologischen Paarforschungen methodische Aspekte der Durchführung und Anwendung, method(olog)ische Grenzen von und offene method(olog)ische Fragen zum Paarinterview (nicht nur) in der soziologischen Paarforschung.
SSOAR Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Erhebungstechniken und Analysetechniken der Sozialwissenschaften, Familiensoziologie, Sexualsoziologie
Dealing with Space and Place in Standard Survey Data
Autor/in:
Hillmert, Steffen; Hartung, Andreas; Weßling, Katarina
Quelle: Survey Research Methods, 11 (2017) 3, S 267-287
Inhalt: Heterogeneity of local conditions and spatial dependencies are typical aspects of sociological phenomena. However, large-scale empirical data is often rather limited with regard to the spatial references that are (publicly) available to researchers. We describe several aspects of the problem and assess possibilities and potential errors associated with limited information. Our examples are returns to education and gender-based and migration-related wage gaps as popular research topics. We base our analyses upon widely used survey data from Germany, the GSOEP, which contains geographical information on various levels of aggregation. Our particular interest is in the decisions that have to be made with regard to problems of space and place in standard surveys, available options and consequences. We conclude with a number of practical suggestions for data users.
Die Denkstilanalyse nach Ludwik Fleck als Methode der qualitativen Sozialforschung - Theorie und Anwendung
Titelübersetzung:Thought Style Analysis According to Ludwik Fleck as a Method of Qualitative Social Research: Theory and Application
Autor/in:
Sabisch, Katja
Quelle: Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung / Forum: Qualitative Social Research, 18 (2017) 2, 17 S
Inhalt: Bislang fanden die methodischen Überlegungen des polnischen Mediziners und Soziologen Ludwik FLECK vor allem in wissenschaftshistorischen Studien Anwendung. In diesem Beitrag schlage ich vor, seine zentralen Begriffe des Denkstils und des Denkkollektivs in eine sozialwissenschaftliche Methode zu übersetzen. Hierzu wird zunächst die FLECKsche Terminologie anhand von Beispielen aus der Geschlechter- und Wissenschaftsforschung vorgestellt. Danach wird das denkstilanalytische Vorgehen auf die Auswertung von Expert_inneninterviews nach MEUSER und NAGEL übertragen. Das daraus resultierende Konzept einer qualitativen Denkstilanalyse wird im letzten Teil des Beitrages kritisch reflektiert.
Inhalt: To date, the methodological considerations of the Polish medical practitioner and sociologist Ludwik FLECK have been used primarily in historiography. In this article I propose to adapt his central concepts of "thought style" and "thought collective" as qualitative research methods. For this purpose, FLECK's terminology is first presented, using examples from gender and science studies. I adapt the analysis of thought styles to the analysis of expert interviews according to MEUSER and NAGEL. The resulting concept of a qualitative "thought style analysis" is critiqued in the last part of the article.
Schlagwörter:Sozialforschung; social research; qualitative Methode; qualitative method; Konstruktivismus; constructivism; Wissenssoziologie; sociology of knowledge; Wissenschaftsforschung; science studies; Denkstilanalyse; Expert_inneninterviews; Ludwik Fleck; expert interviews; thought style analysis
SSOAR Kategorie:Erhebungstechniken und Analysetechniken der Sozialwissenschaften
Why were there three? Determinants of the presence of
an intimate partner during face-to-face interviews
Autor/in:
Preetz, Richard; Langeheine, Malte
Quelle: Survey Methods: Insights from the Field, (2017) , 17 S
Inhalt: This study analyses determinants of the presence of an intimate partner during face-to-face
interviews. Based on theoretical assumptions about opportunity structure, social control,
social support, and companionship, we investigated partner presence using data from the first
wave of the German Family Panel (pairfam). Descriptive results revealed that an intimate
partner was present in every seventh interview. Multivariate results using separate logistic
regression models for the presence of the female (n = 3,272) and the male partner (n = 2,348)
revealed that the opportunity structure, such as the couple’s living arrangements or their
employment status, had the greatest influence on the presence of both female and male
partners. Gender differences existed for social control, social support and companionship.
The results suggest that partner presence could most easily be prevented by taking into
account the opportunity structure.
Schlagwörter:soziale Kontrolle; social control; soziale Unterstützung; social support; gender-specific factors; Interview; interview; Determinanten; determinants; Messung; measurement; Antwortverhalten; response behavior; Federal Republic of Germany; Kommunikation; communication; Struktur; structure; Selbsteinschätzung; self-assessment; Selbstwertgefühl; self-esteem; Partnerschaft; partnership; interview characteristics; intimate partner; survey management; third person; pairfam
SSOAR Kategorie:Erhebungstechniken und Analysetechniken der Sozialwissenschaften
Testing the Goodness of the EVS Gender Role Attitudes Scale
Titelübersetzung:Test de la qualité de l'échelle EVS d'attitude du rôle de genre
Autor/in:
Lomazzi, Vera
Quelle: Bulletin de Méthodologie Sociologique, (2017) 135, S 90-100
Inhalt: This study provides a critical evaluation of the gender role attitude scale included in the fourth wave of the European Values Study. The goodness of this scale is tested considering first of all its reliability and the stability of the factorial structure. The results suggest caution in the use of this instrument: the scale presents a deep variation in reliability across countries and its configuration is not stable, displaying several different factor structures from one country to another. In considering the source of this instability, this study addresses a priming effect due to questions introduced in 2008 immediately prior to the use of the gender role attitudes scale that modified the context of response.
Gender of interviewer effects in a multitopic centralized CATI panel survey
Autor/in:
Lipps, Oliver; Lutz, Georg
Quelle: Methods, data, analyses : a journal for quantitative methods and survey methodology (mda), 11 (2017) 1, S 67-86
Inhalt: "This paper is motivated by two recent articles which show that numerous studies which analyzed
gender of interviewer effects did not take interviewer nonresponse selection effects into account. For example, interviewers may be more successful at recruiting respondents with characteristics similar to themselves and who give answers that are similar to their own, and this may result in spurious gender of interviewer effects. Our research is novel because it uses data from a large panel survey in which the same respondent is asked the same questions repeatedly by interviewers of random genders using the centralized telephone
mode. We use the panel design to show the importance of checking for all relevant variables in models where selection may cause bias. To this end, we use respondent fixed effects models as a reference to yield unbiased coefficients. We find gender of interviewer effects that are in line with social desirability theory on gender issues such as female discrimination. However, not all gender-related questions are affected by gender of interviewer effects and, in addition, we do not find any effects on political and (factual) household task related questions. In line with the notion of social distance, there is a higher likelihood that answers respondents are less comfortable with are given to interviewers of the same gender regarding (sensitive) health questions." (author's abstract)
Acquiescence response styles: A multilevel model explaining individual-level and country-level differences
Autor/in:
Rammstedt, Beatrice; Danner, Daniel; Bosnjak, Michael
Quelle: Personality and Individual Differences, 107 (2017) , S 190-194
Inhalt: Acquiescence has been found to distort the psychometric quality of questionnaire data. Previous research has identified various determinants of acquiescence at both the individual and the country level. We aimed to synthesize the scattered body of knowledge by concurrently testing a multilevel model encompassing a set of presumed predictors of acquiescence. Based on a representative sample comprising almost 40,000 respondents from 20 European countries, we analyzed the effects of the country-level indicators economic wealth, corruption level, and collectivism and the individual-level indicators age, gender, educational attainment, and conservatism. Results revealed that 15% of the variance in acquiescence was due to country-level variations in corruption levels and collectivism. Differences among individuals within countries could be partially explained by conservatism and educational attainment.
Schlagwörter:psychometrics; demographic factors; prosperity; Wertorientierung; Mehrebenenanalyse; value-orientation; Datenqualität; multi-level analysis; measurement; questionnaire; Europa; conservatism; data quality; Indikatorenbildung; soziale Faktoren; Konservatismus; Bildungsniveau; Messung; Korruption; Fragebogen; Wohlstand; Europe; attitude; social indicators; international comparison; model construction; Kollektivismus; Selbstverständnis; Bruttoinlandsprodukt; Kollektivverhalten; collectivism; Psychometrie; internationaler Vergleich; self-concept; level of education; collective behavior; construction of indicators; soziale Indikatoren; demographische Faktoren; gross domestic product; Modellentwicklung; social factors; corruption; Einstellung; ESS; European Social Survey
SSOAR Kategorie:Erhebungstechniken und Analysetechniken der Sozialwissenschaften