The ‘crisis’ of white hegemony, neonationalist femininities and antiracist feminism
Autor/in:
Keskinen, Suvi
Quelle: Women's Studies International Forum, 68 (2018) , S 157–163
Inhalt: The rise of neonationalist politics and racist activism has characterised many European countries in recent years. Moreover, there is a growing public focus on gendered and sexualised intimacies. These two tendencies have increasingly intertwined and sexual violence has become a site for struggles over feminist and (anti)racist politics. The article examines what I call the ‘crisis’ of white hegemony arising in the aftermath of the arrival of a large number of refugees in 2015–2016 and the different strategies that women's and feminist activism has developed. Within white nationalism, there is an upsurge of ‘white border guard femininities’: white women who mobilise on social media and in far-right groups. Simultaneously, antiracist feminist activism has strengthened. It seeks to confront racist discourses of foreign perpetrators and to redirect the discussion by addressing structural aspects of racial and gendered hierarchies and voicing experiences of harassment that are bypassed in the public discussions.
Schlagwörter:Anti-Feminismus; Diskurs; Feminismus; Finnland; Gleichstellung; people of color; Postkolonialismus; Rassismus
CEWS Kategorie:Gleichstellungspolitik, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Sexuelle Belästigung und Gewalt
Reckoning up: sexual harassment and violence in the neoliberal university
Autor/in:
Phipps, Alison
Quelle: Gender and Education, 32 (2018) 2, S 227-243
Inhalt: This paper situates sexual harassment and violence in the neoliberal university. Using data from a ‘composite ethnography’ representing twelve years of research, the author argues that institutional inaction on these issues reflects how they are ‘reckoned up’ in the context of gender and other structures. The impact of disclosure is projected in market terms: this produces institutional airbrushing which protects both the institution and those (usually privileged men) whose welfare is bound up with its success. Staff and students are differentiated by power/value relations, which interact with gender and intersecting categories. Survivors are often left with few alternatives to speaking out in the ‘outrage economy’ of the corporate media: however, this can support institutional airbrushing and bolster punitive technologies. The author proposes the method of Grounded Action Inquiry, implemented with attention to Lorde’s work on anger, as a parrhesiastic practice of ‘speaking in’ to the neoliberal institution.
Schlagwörter:discourse; Discourse analysis; Ethnografie; higher education; Intersectionality; neoliberal university; Power; sexual harassment; sexual violence; sexuelle Belästigung; sexuelle Gewalt
CEWS Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Sexuelle Belästigung und Gewalt
Quelle: Building Healthy Academic Communities Journal, 1 (2017) 2, S 45–60
Inhalt: Background: Despite the high incidence of estimated sexual assault on college campuses, underreporting is substantial and perpetuated by a culture of rape myths that are pervasive across college campuses and society in general.
Aim: The aim of this study was to: examine college student awareness of their own sexual assault victimization status, barriers to reporting, and the prevalence of substance use in sexual assault.
Method: This was a cross-sectional mixed-method survey sent to a universal sample of college students from two neighboring institutions of higher education (N=2,724).
Results: Results from this survey demonstrated a lack of understanding of what constitutes sexual assault, primarily attributed to the normalization of assault and rape myths. Regardless of victim status awareness, those who were victimized were significantly more likely to use higher levels of alcohol than non-victims, and were less likely to identify their victimization as sexual assault, highlighting the need for college students to understand that alcohol-involved sexual assault is still sexual assault.
Conclusions: Overwhelmingly, participants cited the potential consequences as far greater than any potential benefits to reporting sexual assault. Confusion about what constitutes sexual assault and uncertainty of available resources were also recognized as contributing factors in underreporting.
Schlagwörter:awareness; campus; rape culture; reporting; sexual assault; sexual harassment; sexuelle Belästigung; Vergewaltigung/Missbrauch; victimization
CEWS Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Sexuelle Belästigung und Gewalt
Sexual Harassment in Academic Institutions: A Conceptual Review
Autor/in:
Thakur, Meghna Basu; Paul, Priscilla
Quelle: Journal of Psychosocial Research, 12 (2017) 1, S 33–40
Inhalt: Sexual harassment (SH) is a pervasive phenomenon in higher educational institutions, with nearly 50% female students experiencing some kind of SH during their college years (Brooks & Perot, 1991; Cortina, Swan, Fitzgerald & Waldo, 1998; Fitzgerald & Shullman, 1993; Fitzgerald et al., 1988; Ivy & Hamlet, 1996). Some studies indicate an even higher percentage (Barak, Fisher & Houston, 1992; Benson & Thomson, 1982; Reilly, Lott & Gallogly, 1986). The current research paper incorporates relevant literature, which delves into the following dimensions: (a) definition and constituents of SH, (b) correlates of SH, and (c) measures to tackle the menace of SH. Findings from the Indian context have also been considered to understand the seriousness of the phenomenon. The research has crucial implications for government organizations and workplaces in order to develop a comprehensive policy on SH and implementing grievance procedures effectively, and for mental health professionals to develop appropriate psychosocial interventions for those afflicted.
Schlagwörter:Attitude; Auswirkung; College Students; correlates; Definition; Gleichstellungsmaßnahmen; Intervention; psychische Faktoren; sexual harassment; sexuelle Belästigung; Statistik; Studentin; violence against women
CEWS Kategorie:Hochschulen, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Sexuelle Belästigung und Gewalt
The Rape Prone Culture of Academic Contexts: Fraternities and Athletics
Autor/in:
Martin, Patricia Yancey
Quelle: Gender & Society, 30 (2016) 1, S 30–43
Inhalt: The thesis of this essay is that the dynamics of particular social contexts make them more probable sites for sexual assaults, irrespective of individual men’s attitudes or beliefs. Among such contexts are military units; street, drug, and motorcycle gangs; elite schools; college fraternities; and men’s athletic programs (see Harkins and Dixon 2010 for a review of sexual assaults by groups of men or boys). As with other aspects of sexual assault, rape on U.S. campuses received extensive attention earlier (Martin and Hummer 1989; Sanday 1990) and now, after two decades, the issue is salient again. Carey et al. (2015) claim that today’s college women are five times more likely than other women to be sexually assaulted.
Schlagwörter:academia; campus; Hochschule; rape culture; sexual violence; sexuelle Gewalt; social context; victim blaming
CEWS Kategorie:Studium und Studierende, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Sexuelle Belästigung und Gewalt
What Students Say About Gender Violence Within Universities
Autor/in:
Vidu, Ana; Schubert, Tinka; Muñoz, Beatriz; Duque, Elena
Quelle: Qualitative Inquiry, 20 (2014) 7, S 883–888
Inhalt: Gender violence in Spanish universities remains a taboo that is in the process of transformation. The first research on this issue was conducted between 2005 and 2008. The main objective was to “break the silence” about violence against women in Spanish academia. To achieve this aim, data collection was conducted through mixed communicative methods. For the interviewees, the context created by this research made it possible for the first time to establish a space to speak openly about this problem, in contrast to the existing context in which aggressors have remained unpunished. The inclusion of students’ voices together with those of administrative staff and professors allowed for the identification of situations of gender violence. This research has had a significant impact on Spanish universities’ policies. Despite some institutional barriers that make the implementation of structural changes more difficult, many offices for equality and protocols against
gender violence have been created.
Schlagwörter:communicative methodology; gender-based violence; sexual harassment; sexuelle Belästigung; Spain; Spanien; Student; Universität; university
CEWS Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Sexuelle Belästigung und Gewalt
Mainstreaming domestic and gender-based violence into sociology and the criminology of violence
Autor/in:
Walby, Sylvia; Towers, Jude; Francis, Brian
Quelle: The Sociological review, 62 (2014) S2, S 187–214
Inhalt: Sociological and criminological views of domestic and gender-based violence generally either dismiss it as not worthy of consideration, or focus on specific groups of offenders and victims (male youth gangs, partner violence victims). In this paper, we take a holistic approach to violence, extending the definition from that commonly in use to encompass domestic violence and sexual violence. We operationalize that definition by using data from the latest sweep of the Crime Survey for England and Wales. By so doing, we identify that violence is currently under-measured and ubiquitous; that it is gendered, and that other forms of violence (family violence, acquaintance violence against women) are equally of concern. We argue that violence studies are an important form of activity for sociologists.
Schlagwörter:gender-based violence; geschlechtsspezifische Gewalt; Gewaltforschung; häusliche Gewalt; violence against women
CEWS Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Sexuelle Belästigung und Gewalt
Reducing the Endorsement of Sexism using experiential Learning: The Workshop Activity for Gender Equity Simulation (WAGES)
Autor/in:
Zawadzki, Matthew J.; Shields, Stephanie A.; Danube, Cinnamon L.; Swim, Janet K.
Quelle: Psychology of Women Quarterly, 38 (2014) 1, S 75–92
Inhalt: In two multipart studies, we tested the effectiveness of an experiential learning-based intervention (Workshop Activity for Gender Equity Simulation–Academic [WAGES-Academic]) to reduce sexism endorsement. We randomly assigned undergraduates to either WAGES (n ¼ 144) or one of two control conditions (n ¼ 268): one where participants received the same information asWAGES but without experiential learning or another that included an experiential group activity but no gender equity information. WAGES participants (vs. both controls) reported less endorsement of sexist beliefs after completing the activity and/or at a follow-up 7–11 days later as measured by the Modern Sexism (Study 1), Neo-sexism (Study 2), Hostile Sexism (Study 2), and Gender-Specific System Justification (Studies 1 and 2) scales. Both studies demonstrated that these effects were attributable to WAGES providing more information, evoking less reactance, eliciting more empathy, and instilling more self-efficacy compared to the other conditions. Results suggest that programs to reduce sexist beliefs will be successful only insofar as they invite access to discussion in such a way that does not elicit defensive denial of the problem, create a context in which participants are readily able to empathize with other, and instill feelings of self-efficacy that one can address the problem.
Schlagwörter:Gleichstellung; Intervention; Lernen; Motivation; Reaktanz; sexism in research; Sexismus; sexual harassment; sexuelle Belästigung; Widerstand
CEWS Kategorie:Fördermaßnahmen, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Sexuelle Belästigung und Gewalt
Institution-Specific Victimization Surveys: Addressing Legal and Practical Disincentives to Gender-Based Violence Reporting on College Campuses
Autor/in:
Cantalupo, Nancy Chi
Quelle: Trauma, Violence & Abuse, 15 (2014) 3, S 227–241
Inhalt: This review brings together both the legal literature and original empirical research regarding the advisability of amending the Jeanne Clery Disclosure of Campus Security Policy and Campus Crime Statistics Act or creating new Department of Education regulations to mandate that all higher education institutions survey their students approximately every 5 years about students' experiences with sexual violence. Legal research conducted regarding the three relevant federal legal regimes show inconsistent incentives for schools to encourage victim reporting and proactively address sexual violence on campus. Moreover, the original research carried out for this article shows that the experience of institutions that have voluntarily conducted such surveys suggests many benefits not only for students, prospective students, parents, and the general public but also for schools themselves. These experiences confirm the practical viability of a mandated survey by the Department of Education.
Schlagwörter:law; Recht; sexual harassment; sexual violence; sexuelle Belästigung; sexuelle Gewalt; Student; Survey
CEWS Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Sexuelle Belästigung und Gewalt
How do we know if it works? Measuring outcomes in bystander-focused abuse prevention on campuses
Autor/in:
Banyard, Victoria; Moynihan, Mary; Cares, Alison; Warner, Rebecca L.
Quelle: Psychology of Violence, 4 (2014) 1, S 101–115
Inhalt: Objective: To address acknowledged limitations in the effectiveness of sexual and relationship abuse prevention strategies, practitioners have developed new tools that use a bystander framework. Evaluation of bystander-focused prevention requires measures, specific to the bystander approach, that assess changes over time in participants’ attitudes and behaviors. Few measures exist and more psychometric analyses are needed. We present analyses to begin to establish the psychometric properties of four new measures of bystander outcomes and their subscales. Method: We collected data from 948 first-year college students on two campuses in the northeastern United States. Items assessing attitudes and behaviors related to bystander helping responses in college campus communities for situations where there is sexual or relationship abuse risk were factor analyzed. Results: Measures of readiness to help (assessed specifically with scales representing taking action, awareness, and taking responsibility), intent to be an active bystander, self-reported bystander responses, and perceptions of peer norms in support of action all showed adequate reliability and validity. Conclusion: This study represents a next step in the development of tools that can be used by researchers and practitioners seeking both to understand bystander behavior in the context of sexual and relationship abuse and to evaluate the effectiveness of prevention tools to address these problems. The measures investigated will be helpful for prevention educators and researchers evaluating the effectiveness of sexual and relationship abuse education tools that use a bystander intervention framework. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)