Sexual harassment in the context of double male dominance
Autor/in:
Haas, Stans de; Timmerman, Greetje
Quelle: European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 19 (2010) 6, S 717–734
Inhalt: It has been suggested that numerically male-dominated workplaces propagate cultural norms that support sexual bravado, sexual posturing, and the denigration of feminine behaviour (Sbraga & O'Donohue, 2000). These cultural norms are features of normative male dominance, which have been shown to increase the risk of sexual harassment. This implies that the effect of numerical male dominance on sexual harassment may be mediated by the level of normative male dominance in the work environment. The aim of this study was to test this assumption. Our sample consisted of 1295 police women, who filled out an Internet questionnaire. The results suggest that normative male dominance indeed mediates the relation between numerical male dominance and sexual harassment. We add to the sexual harassment literature by building on Gruber's concept of double dominance. Our study helps to make clear why women are at greater risk of sexual harassment in work situations where men outnumber women than in more gender-balanced workplaces.
Quelle: Journal of interpersonal violence, 24 (2009) 3, S 464–481
Inhalt: Little epidemiologic research has focused on the mental health effects of gender-based violence among sub-Saharan African women. The objective of this study was to assess risk of depression and depressive symptoms among 1,102 female undergraduate students who were victims of gender-based violence. Students who reported experience of any gender-based violence were nearly twice as likely to be classified as having moderate depression during the academic year (OR = 1.98, 95% CI = 1.39-2.82) as compared with non-abused students. Compared with non-abused students, those who had experienced both physical and sexual abuse were 4 times more likely to report either moderately severe (OR = 4.32, 95% CI = 2.00-9.31) or severe depressive symptoms (OR = 4.19, 95% CI = 1.01-17.43). Our findings, consistent with previous studies, support the thesis that women's mental health status is adversely affected by exposure to gender-based violence.
Schlagwörter:adult; Äthiopien; depression; Ethiopia; Frauengesundheit; gender-based violence; mental health; prevalence; self concept; sex factors; sexuelle Gewalt; social perception; socioeconomic factors; sozioökonomische Faktoren; surveys and questionnaires; women's health; young adult
CEWS Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Sexuelle Belästigung und Gewalt
Measurement and Correlates of Prosocial Bystander Behavior : The Case of Interpersonal Violence
Autor/in:
Banyard, Victoria
Quelle: Violence and Victims, 23 (2008) 1, S 83–97
Inhalt: The field of social psychology has long investigated the role of prosocial bystanders in assisting crime victims and helping in emergency situations. This research has usually been experimental and has established important principles about the conditions under which individuals will choose to engage in prosocial bystander behaviors. More recently, interest has grown in applying this work to the important practical problem of preventing interpersonal violence in communities. Yet, to date, there has been little research on the role of bystanders in cases of interpersonal violence. The current study is thus exploratory. Using a sample of 389 undergraduates, the study discusses key issues in the development of measures to investigate these questions and presents preliminary analyses of correlates of bystander behavior in the context of sexual and intimate partner violence.
Students and managers behaving badly : an exploratory analysis of the vulnerability of feminist academics in anti-feminist, market-driven UK higher education
Autor/in:
Lee, Deborah
Quelle: Women's studies international forum, Vol. 28 (2005) No. 2-3, S. 195-208
Inhalt: "In this article, I draw upon a qualitative interview to offer an exploratory analysis of unacceptable male student conduct towards feminist academics. My informant encountered disrespect from anti-feminist male students, who subsequently maliciously accused her of disrespecting them. The men's complaint was accepted uncritically by the market-driven male Dean of Faculty in order to keep the customers happy. Given that anti-feminism makes feminist academics vulnerable to attack in market-driven UK higher education, I propose that feminists should start to campaign against unacceptable student conduct and subsequent victim-blaming by managers. One way in which we might start to do this is by deploying the interpretation 'contrapower sexual harassment' to conceptualise these experiences. Our campaign will not be universally welcomed in universities. Yet when have feminists been afraid of resistance?" (author's abstract)
CEWS Kategorie:Geschlechterverhältnis, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Sexuelle Belästigung und Gewalt
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
The discursive framing of sexual harassment in a university community
Autor/in:
Eyre, Linda
Quelle: Gender and Education, 12 (2000) 3, S 293–307
Inhalt: Sexual harassment in university communities is, at best, understood as the exercise of power by deviant individuals and is dealt with through sexual harassment policies, grievance procedures, reprimands and educational measures. Through a discursive analysis of one case of sexual harassment, this article illustrates how power is not merely attached to specific individuals. Rather, university communities provide the conditions under which sexual harassment is naturalised. The article illustrates how conservative and liberal discourses of academic freedom, juridical interpretations of collective agreements, and anti-feminist backlash discourses shaped knowledge in the public domain, while the voices of women students and feminist discourses on sexual harassment were either marginalised or silenced. The article supports the view that the discursive framing of sexual harassment constitutes power relations in the academy and ultimately legitimises sexual harassment. The article offers some discursive strategies for dealing with sexual harassment in university communities.
Schlagwörter:discourse; discourse analysis; equality policy; gender-based violence; Gewalt; Kanada; rhetoric; sexual harassment; Universität; university
CEWS Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Sexuelle Belästigung und Gewalt
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Evaluating Measures of Contemporary Sexism
Autor/in:
Campbell, Bernadette; Schellenberg, E. Glenn; Senn, Charlene Y.
Quelle: Psychology of Women Quarterly, 21 (1997) 1, S 89–102
Inhalt: Two recently published measures of contemporaty sexist attitudes were
examined and compared with a sample of 106 Canadian college students.
Swim, Aikin, Hall, and Hunter’s (1995) Modern Sexism scale was
found to be an acceptable measure of sexist attitudes in terms of its
internal reliability and its ability to predict other gender-related political
attitudes. Although the Modern Sexism scale and the Neosexism scale
(Tougas, Brown, Beaton, & Joly, 1995) were equally good at predicting
support for the feminist movement and attitudes toward lesbians and gay
men, the Neosexism scale had better internal reliability and exhibited
stronger gender differences. Moreover, the Neosexism scale was superior
at predicting value orientations relevant to modern prejudices.
CEWS Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Sexuelle Belästigung und Gewalt
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Sexual harassment of women professors by students : exploring the dynamics of power, authority, and gender in a university setting
Autor/in:
Grauerholz, Elizabeth
Quelle: Sex roles : a journal of research, Vol. 21 (1989) No. 11-12, S. 789-801
Inhalt: "Although much research on sexual harassment within the academy has been concerned with how prevalent this problem is, it continues to be very narrow in its scope by focusing almost entirely on the abuse directed toward subordinates. This study explores the sexual harassment of women professors by students to gain insight into how widespread the problem is, and to understand better how both gender and status define an individual's vulnerability to sexual harassment. Survey data from 208 female instructors employed at a major university revealed that women professors experience a variety of behaviors, mostly from male students, which range from sexist comments to sexual assault. Furthermore, most professors perceive such behaviors to be sexual harassment, despite the professor's formal power. Generally, women professors are able to deal effectively with these situations, usually by confronting the individual directly or trying to avoid the student, at least in relatively minor instances of sexual harassment." (author's abstract)
CEWS Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Sexuelle Belästigung und Gewalt
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
A Global Exploratory Analysis of Men Participating in Gender-Based Violence Prevention
Autor/in:
Tolman, Richard M.; Casey, Erin A.; Allen, Christopher T.; Carlson, Juliana; Leek, Cliff; Storer, Heather L.
Quelle: Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 34 (2019, zuerst veröffentlicht online 2016) 16, S 3438-3465
Inhalt: Organizations addressing gender-based violence (GBV) increasingly include men as partners in prevention efforts. However, little is known about men who get involved in those efforts and what specific actions they take. We present analyses of data from an international sample of men involved in gender-based prevention work that aimed to describe (a) the nature of participants' involvement in prevention efforts, in both formal programming and in their daily lives; (b) characteristics of engaged men, including gender and bystander-related attitudes and beliefs, and social networks; and (c) factors that sustain men's involvement in GBV movements over time. Comparisons across global regions for these variables were also conducted. A total of 379 male-identified participants above 18 who had attended a GBV event in the past year completed an online survey (available in English, French, and Spanish). Respondents represented all continents except Antarctica, although North America was over-represented in the sample. Overall, respondents scored well above North American norms for men on support for gender equality and recognition of male privilege, and this was true across all geographic regions. Men in all regions reported moderate support from friends and somewhat less support from male relatives for their involvement in GBV prevention. Respondents in all regions reported high levels of active bystander and violence-preventive behavior. The most commonly reported motivations for involvement in GBV prevention included concern for related social justice issues, exposure to the issue of violence through work, hearing a moving story, or disclosures about domestic or sexual violence. Results were mainly similar across regions, but when regional differences emerge, they tended to be contrasts between the global north and global south, highlighting the importance of cross-fertilization across regions and a willingness to adapt critical learnings in new geographic settings.
Schlagwörter:bystander interventions; cultural contexts; domestic violence; gender-based violence; Intervention; Prävention; prevention & control; sexual assault; sexual violence; sexuelle Gewalt
CEWS Kategorie:Mentoring und Training, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Sexuelle Belästigung und Gewalt