#WeTooInScience : Sexual Harassment in Highe Education Institutions and Research Organizations
Autor/in:
Avveduto, Sveva; Badaloni, Silvana; Hermann, Claudine; et al.
Quelle: Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - CNR; 2019. 248 S
Inhalt: This volume presents a series of analyses that range from the presentation
of the cognitive framework from the theoretical point of view, to that of the
(few) data available.
We grouped the themes into four parts
1. What do we know?
2. How to address the problem: solutions
3. How to address the problem: prevention
4. Wider perspectives
The first part with the contributions of Claudine Hermann, Colette
Guillopé, Sylvie Cromer, Ilaria Di Tullio, Francesca Torelli, provides a crosssection
of the state of the analyses carried out in Italy and abroad.
Knowing the terms of the question and the boundaries of the problem is
the preliminary step to find the tools to deal with it and, hopefully, solve it.
What solutions can be envisaged? What can be done? In the second part Ann
Olivarius, Chiara de Fabritiis and Fernie Maas discuss the issues referring to
the different contexts.
The third part deals with the question of possible solutions to the problem
from the prevention side, such as the development of guidelines and
regulations that prevent problems from arising, rather than punish them later.
Lorenza Perini, Laura Chlebos, Agata Sangianantoni, Valeria De Paola, Ingrid
Hunstad, Maria Luisa Chiofalo and Tiziana Metitieri present some of the
possible areas of intervention to avoid repeating episodes that are no longer
tolerable.
The fourth part collects some contributions of selected authors that widen
the perspective between history and discrimination. Mirella Orsi, Anna Lisa
Somma, Sona Grigoryan, Antonella Nappi, Federica De Luca, Mariella Paciello,
Pietro Greco and Monica Zoppè contributed in this final part.
Schlagwörter:awareness; cultural change; discrimination; gender equality policy; Gleichstellungsbeauftragte; harassment; Intervention; Italien; Prävention; prevalence; sexual assault; sexual harassment; university
CEWS Kategorie:Hochschulen, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Sexuelle Belästigung und Gewalt
Tackling Violence against Women and Gender-Based Violence : Equality Bodies' Contribution
Autor/in:
Equinet
Quelle: European Network of Equality Bodies; Brussels, 2019. 30 S
Inhalt: Violence against women is a structural and global phenomenon that knows no social, economic or national boundaries. It is a serious violation of human rights, most drastic form of discrimination on the grounds of gender and remains widely unsanctioned. Every day in Europe, women are psychologically, physically and sexually abused in the “safety” of their own homes, stalked, harassed, raped, mutilated, forced by their family to enter into marriage, or sterilised against their will. The revelations of the #MeToo movement across Europe cast a light on the extent of sexual abuse of women and the difficulty for women to speak out
against it1.
The concept of violence against women has been widely recognized since the 1990s in international normative acts concerning human rights. It has been adopted as a legal concept at all levels of the international legal system. The phenomenon is acknowledged in the universal legal system of the United Nations, covering practically all countries of the world, as well as in the regional legal systems of the Council of Europe and the European Union.
Gender-based violence and violence against women are terms that are often used interchangeably as it has been widely acknowledged that most gender-based violence is inflicted on women and girls, by men. However, using the ‘gender-based’ aspect is important as it highlights the fact that many forms of violence against women are not examples of random victimization but are rooted in power inequalities between women and men and
strategies to perpetuate or entrench that inequality2.
Gender-based violence is violence directed against a person because of their gender or one that disproportionally affects persons of a particular gender. The majority of victims are women and girls, although men and transgender people also experience violence, especially where they transgress stereotypical gender norms 3.
Schlagwörter:Antidiskriminierung; Belästigung; gender-based violence; Gewalt gegen Frauen; good practice; harassment
CEWS Kategorie:Europa und Internationales, Sexuelle Belästigung und Gewalt
Dokumenttyp:Graue Literatur, Bericht
The #яНеБоюсьСказать (#IamNotScaredToSpeak) campaign of July 2016 in Facebook’s Russian speaking community : A Discourse Analysis
Inhalt: Digital or hashtag activism in social media platforms such as Twitter and Facebook has gained popularity around the globe. Campaigns such as #MeToo and #YesAllWomen have drawn much needed attention to the problems of gender based violence and misogyny. This article is dedicated to a similar, but unique, campaign – #ЯнеБоюсьСказать (#IamNotScaredToSpeak) – that took place in Facebook’s Russian speaking community in July 2016. (It followed an identical campaign started in Ukraine, which subsequently crossed over into other former Soviet republics such as Kazakhstan.) The objective of this article is twofold. First, utilizing Discourse Analysis, I analyze posts associated with #IamNotScaredToSpeak, and argue that the campaign raised the visibility of the problem of sexual violence largely as a result of women’s active participation in it. A number of women who decided to reveal their personal experiences and others who stood with them against rape culture, helped increase the significance of women’s linguistic agency and made #IamNotScaredToSpeak the first large-scale feminist movement in Russia to date. Second, I will examine the specificity of the #IamNotScaredToSpeak campaign and argue that it was predominantly of a grass-roots nature with the self-organization and participation of ordinary people being crucial to the movement. By way of comparison, the #MeToo campaign, operating in the western context, was largely initiated and led by celebrities.
New survey indicates urgent need for research on sexual harassment
Autor/in:
Sørum, Benedicte; Aukland, Kristin
Quelle: kifiinfo, (2019)
Inhalt: The results of the national survey on bullying and harassment in Norway’s higher education sector are finally in. But the reasons why harassment occurs remain unclear, according to the Committee for Gender Balance and Diversity in Research.
Schlagwörter:Befragung; Norwegen; sexual harassment; sexuelle Belästigung; survey; Universität
Characteristics of precollege sexual violence victimization and associations with sexual violence revictimization during college
Autor/in:
Anderson, Jocelyn C.; Chugani, Carla D.; Jones, Kelley A.; Coulter, Robert W. S.; Chung, Tammy; Miller, Elizabeth
Quelle: Journal of American college health : J of ACH, (2019) , S 1–9
Inhalt: OBJECTIVE
To examine the prevalence and characteristics of precollege sexual victimization (SV) experiences and associations with revictimization and recent substance use behaviors among a sample of college students who reported precollege SV.
PARTICIPANTS
A sub-sample of 931 college students who reported precollege SV at baseline data collection for an ongoing multi-site clinical trial.
METHODS
Data were collected via electronic surveys between September 2015 and March 2017. Measures included precollege and during college SV, recent substance use, and alcohol-related harm reduction behaviors.
RESULTS
Precollege SV characteristics associated with revictimization included: Nonpenile penetration (aOR: 1.51, 95%CI: 1.04-2.19); pressured sex (aOR: 1.46, 95%CI: 1.06-2.01); and stranger assault (aOR: 2.03, 95%CI: 1.22-3.40). Past 30-day binge drinking was also associated with revictimization (aOR: 1.86, 95%CI: 1.36-2.54).
CONCLUSIONS
The relationship between precollege SV and alcohol, especially binge drinking, may require a more integrated approach to preventing subsequent revictimization.
Schlagwörter:Alkohol; harm reduction; Schadensbegrenzung; sexual assault
CEWS Kategorie:Studium und Studierende, Hochschulen, Sexuelle Belästigung und Gewalt
Quelle: Eur J Soc Psychol (European Journal of Social Psychology), 50 (2019) , 179 S
Inhalt: In this article, we develop and validate the 16‐item Support for Gender Equality among Men Scale across four studies. Drawing on exploratory (Study 1, n = 322) and confirmatory (Study 2, n = 358; Study 4, n = 192) factor analysis, we determine a twofactor structure: public and domestic support for gender equality. In Study 3 (n = 146) and Study 4, we validate the scale by establishing its relationship with, among others, several prominent measures of sexism, a behavioural measure, and social desirability. The scale fills a psychometric gap in the literature: To date, no validated measure of support for gender equality, measuring both attitudes and behavioural intentions and focusing specifically on men, exists. Considering the recent increase in interest in men as allies of the feminist movement the scale functions as a useful tool to explore the topic in depth in future research.
Schlagwörter:gender equality; Gleichberechtigung; male allies; masculinities; Maskulinität; scale; sexism; Sexismus
Inhalt: While gendered online harassment has received increased attention in academic and public debates, there is a lack of empirical studies examining gender differences in experiences with online har- assment. Relying on two independent large-scale population surveys carried out in Norway, this article examines whether women experience more—and different—online harassment than men, to what extent different types of online harassment silence its targets, and whether there are gendered patterns in how online harassment works as a silencing mechanism. Analytically, we dis- tinguish between different levels of severity of online harassment and what the harassment is directed toward. Contrary to popular expectations, we find that more men than women have experienced online harassment. The main reason is that men receive more comments directed at their opinions and attitudes; women and men are equally exposed to harassment directed toward group characteristics. However, targeted women are more likely than targeted men to become more cautious in expressing their opinions publicly. Furthermore, the gender differences increase as the harassment becomes more aggressive and directed toward group characteristics.
Schlagwörter:Gender; hate speech; Norwegen; online harassment; population survey
Applying the Haddon Matrix to evaluate sexual assault interventions on college campuses
Autor/in:
Mahoney, Patricia; Gielen, Andrea C.; Bailey, Maryanne M.; Gabel, Colby
Quelle: Journal of American College Health, (2019) , S 1–8
Inhalt: OBJECTIVE
A Haddon Matrix analysis was used to systematically review literature evaluating college campus sexual assault prevention programs to identify research gaps and intervention opportunities.
METHODS
Articles included were published from January 1, 2001 to December 31, 2017; indexed in PubMed, PsycInfo, or Scopus; involving English-speaking undergraduate students in the US; with experimental or quasi-experimental design.
RESULTS
All 31 eligible studies evaluated educational programing; all relied on self-report measures; and three-quarters had follow-up periods ≤ 6 months. Significant positive effects were reported by 6 of 10 studies that measured bystander behavior, 6 of 10 that educated potential victims and assessed victimization, and one of four that educated potential perpetrators and measured perpetration.
CONCLUSION
The Haddon Matrix analysis identified the need for interventions that address perpetrators and the post-assault period, as well as studies of the impact of enforcing existing policies and new environmental and situational approaches to sexual assault prevention.
Schlagwörter:campus; Haddon Matrix; Intervention; sexual assault; sexual violence; sexualisierte Gewalt; sexuelle Belästigung; sexuelle Gewalt
CEWS Kategorie:Studium und Studierende, Hochschulen, Sexuelle Belästigung und Gewalt
Quelle: Journal of American College Health, (2019) , S 1–7
Inhalt: OBJECTIVE
This study's purpose was to examine the prevalence and sociodemographic factors associated with stalking victimization among a diverse sample of college students.
PARTICIPANTS
Data were collected through a cross-sectional survey administered in November 2015 to students 18 and older on 8 academic universities in a Southwestern university system (N = 26,417).
METHODS
Descriptive statistics were used to assess the prevalence of stalking experiences across student populations. Multivariate logistic regression was used to examine associations between sociodemographic factors and stalking victimization.
RESULTS
A total of 17.4% of students reported stalking victimization since entering college. Cisgender females, transgender/gender-nonconforming, and sexual minority students had higher odds of stalking victimization than their counterparts, whereas Latino/a students had lower odds of stalking victimization compared to White nonHispanic students.
CONCLUSIONS
A notable proportion of college students have experienced stalking. Disparities found among student populations are concerning and warrant further investigation.
Quelle: Journal of American College Health, (2019) , S 1–9
Inhalt: OBJECTIVE
Assess the impact of survey non-response and non-completion for a campus climate survey.
PARTICIPANTS
Intended for all degree-seeking students at a large, public, midwestern university, November 2014.
METHODS
The survey covered sexual assault experiences and related attitudes. We identify the magnitude and potential impact of survey non-response by comparing demographic data between respondents and non-respondents, sexual assault prevalence between early and late respondents, and demographic and attitudinal data between survey completers and partial completers.
RESULTS
Demographic groups were differentially represented in the survey. Sexual assault prevalence based on survey results may be underestimated for men, overestimated for women. Sensitive questions did not increase drop-off. Students completing more of the survey differed from those completing less.
CONCLUSIONS
Colleges must plan survey administration and data sensitivity analysis to reduce potential for bias. Resources for sexual assault-related needs based on estimates from campus climate surveys with high non-response will likely be misallocated.
OBJECTIVE
Assess the impact of survey non-response and non-completion for a campus climate survey.
PARTICIPANTS
Intended for all degree-seeking students at a large, public, midwestern university, November 2014.
METHODS
The survey covered sexual assault experiences and related attitudes. We identify the magnitude and potential impact of survey non-response by comparing demographic data between respondents and non-respondents, sexual assault prevalence between early and late respondents, and demographic and attitudinal data between survey completers and partial completers.
RESULTS
Demographic groups were differentially represented in the survey. Sexual assault prevalence based on survey results may be underestimated for men, overestimated for women. Sensitive questions did not increase drop-off. Students completing more of the survey differed from those completing less.
CONCLUSIONS
Colleges must plan survey administration and data sensitivity analysis to reduce potential for bias. Resources for sexual assault-related needs based on estimates from campus climate surveys with high non-response will likely be misallocated.
//
OBJECTIVE
Assess the impact of survey non-response and non-completion for a campus climate survey.
PARTICIPANTS
Intended for all degree-seeking students at a large, public, midwestern university, November 2014.
METHODS
The survey covered sexual assault experiences and related attitudes. We identify the magnitude and potential impact of survey non-response by comparing demographic data between respondents and non-respondents, sexual assault prevalence between early and late respondents, and demographic and attitudinal data between survey completers and partial completers.
RESULTS
Demographic groups were differentially represented in the survey. Sexual assault prevalence based on survey results may be underestimated for men, overestimated for women. Sensitive questions did not increase drop-off. Students completing more of the survey differed from those completing less.
CONCLUSIONS
Colleges must plan survey administration and data sensitivity analysis to reduce potential for bias. Resources for sexual assault-related needs based on estimates from campus climate surveys with high non-response will likely be misallocated.
Schlagwörter:campus; Nonresponse; sexual assault; sexuelle Belästigung; Student; survey
CEWS Kategorie:Studium und Studierende, Hochschulen, Sexuelle Belästigung und Gewalt