Gender issues : women's participation in the sciences has increased, but agencies need to do more to ensure compliance with title IX
Autor/in:
Ashby, Cornelia M.
Quelle: United States Government Accountability Office; Washington, 2004. 55 S.
Inhalt: "Because of concerns about women's access to opportunities in the sciences, this report addresses: how the Department of Education (Education), Department of Energy (Energy), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), and National Science Foundation (NSF) ensure that federal grant recipient institutions comply with Title IX in math, engineering, and science; what data show about women's participation in these fields; and what promising practices exist to promote their participation. Researchers reviewed legislation and regulations to identify all areas of compliance relevant to each federal agency; interviewed officials at each agency; gathered documentation to identify agency activities to ensure compliance with Title IX; analyzed data from the Office of Civil Rights and the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission; gathered data and interviewed officials at the Department of Justice; visited seven research universities to interview officials, students, and faculty; analyzed national data from Education and NSF on women's participation and experiences in the sciences; reviewed literature about women in the sciences and challenges to preparing for and pursuing careers in the sciences; spoke with students and practitioners about promising practices to promote women's participation; reviewed documentation on how data were collected and performed electronic tests to look for missing or out-of-range values; and reviewed the methodology of studies and reports using generally accepted social sciences principles as the basis for understanding results. The four agencies had made efforts to ensure that grantees complied with Title IX in the sciences by performing several compliance activities (e.g., investigating complaints and providing technical assistance), although most had not conducted all required monitoring activities. Women's participation in the sciences has increased substantially in the last 3 decades, especially in the life sciences, such as biology. The proportion of women science students has grown, but to a lesser extent at the graduate level than the undergraduate level. Meanwhile, the proportion of faculty in the sciences who are women has also increased, but they still lag behind men faculty in terms of salary and rank. However, studies indicate that experience, work patterns, and education levels can largely explain these differences. Studies also suggest that discrimination may still affect women's choices and professional progress. Several examples of agencies and grantees that have instituted practices designed to foster greater women's participation in the sciences were found. While some of the practices are aimed at encouraging more women to pursue the sciences, others provide time off and fewer teaching duties so faculty can balance work and family life. Finally, a few practices seek to expand the recruiting pool for jobs in the sciences and make them more attractive to women. Seven appendixes include: study objectives, scope, and methodology; national laboratories and technical centers; legal events and cases involving Title IX; mathematics, engineering, and science grant programs funded by the four agencies; comparison of enrollment status; comparison of enrollment and degrees earned; and comments from Education." (author's abstract)
Vom Verbot der Geschlechtsdiskriminierung zum Schutz von Diversity : Umsetzung der neuen EU-Antidiskriminierungsrichtlinien in Deutschland
Titelübersetzung:Ban on gender discrimination to protect diversity : implementation of the new EU anti-discrimination directives in Germany
Autor/in:
Raasch, Sibylle
Quelle: Kritische Justiz : Vierteljahresschrift für Recht und Politik, Jg. 37 (2004) H. 4, S. 394-412
Inhalt: "Die EU hat seit 1975 neun Richtlinien zur Verwirklichung der Gleichbehandlung von Männern und Frauen erlassen, wobei die jüngste Richtlinie 2002/73/EG (Änderung der Richtlinie 76/207/EWG) erst bis zum 5. Oktober 2005 in nationales Recht umzusetzen ist. Orientiert an der Richtlinie 76/207/EWG (Gleichbehandlung von Männern und Frauen hinsichtlich des Zugangs zur Beschäftigung) hat die EU im Jahr 2000 darüber hinaus mit den Richtlinien 2000/43/EG (Antirassismusrichtlinie) und 2000/78/EG (Rahmenrichtlinie Beschäftigung und Beruf) ihren Diskriminierungsschutz auf die Merkmale zugeschriebene Rasse und ethnische Herkunft, Religion oder Weltanschauung, Behinderung und sexuelle Ausrichtung ausgedehnt. Diese beiden Richtlinien hätten bereits bis zum 19. Juli bzw. 2. Dezember 2003 in Deutschland umgesetzt sein müssen. Die Kommission hat deshalb im Juli 2004 ein Vertragsverletzungsverfahren gegen Deutschland ebenso wie auch gegen Belgien, Finnland, Griechenland, Luxemburg und Österreich eingeleitet." (Autorenreferat)
Leistungsabhängige Entgeltdifferenzierung : Leistungslohn, Leistungszulagen, Leistungsbewertung auf dem gleichstellungspolitischen
Prüfstand
Autor/in:
Krell, Gertraude; Tondorf, Karin
Quelle: Chancengleichheit durch Personalpolitik : Gleichstellung von Frauen und Männern in Unternehmen und Verwaltungen ; rechtliche
Regelungen, Problemanalysen, Lösungen. 2004, S. 333-350
CEWS Kategorie:Arbeitswelt und Arbeitsmarkt, Geschlechterverhältnis
Dokumenttyp:Sammelwerksbeitrag
Die unsichtbare Schranke
Autor/in:
Kehse, Ute
Quelle: DUZ, Jg. 59 (2003) Nr. 8, S. 11-12
Inhalt: "Zwanzig Prozent aller Professoren sollen im Jahr 2005 weiblich sein. Dieses Ziel
hat Bundesforschungsministerin Edelgard Bulmahn gesetzt. Davon ist die Realität noch
weit entfernt: nur elf Prozent der Lehrstühle haben Frauen inne. Die Gründe für diese
Misere sind vielfältig. Ein Problem bestehe darin, dass Frauen nicht in die männlichen
Netzwerke integriert sind." (Textauszug)