Zurückscheuen - Warum Frauen den Wettbewerb meiden
Autor/in:
Niessen-Rünzi, Alexandra; Rünzi, Stefan
Quelle: Forschung & Lehre, (2018) 3, S 244–245
Inhalt: Frauen meiden Konkurrenzsituationen, das ist ein häufig genannter Grund für den geringen Anteil von Frauen in Führungspositionen. Laut einer aktuellen Studie sind Frauen durchaus bereit, sich dem Wettbewerb mit anderen zu stellen, wenn sie zuvor weibliche Vorbilder erleben.
Schlagwörter:Frauen in Führungspositionen; Konkurrenzverhalten; Rollenmodelle
CEWS Kategorie:Arbeitswelt und Arbeitsmarkt, Berufsbiographie und Karriere
The acadmic mobility regime: Analysing perceptions of students and academic staff
Autor/in:
Petzold, Knut; Bucher, Hannah
Quelle: International Review of Social Research, 8 (2018) 1, S 98–108
Inhalt: Referring to the concept of the ‘mobility regime’
this study aims to gain a deeper understanding of the
interrelations between internationalisation of higher
education and individual perceptions of members of the
academic system. Academics and students in Germany,
both with and without international experience, were
interviewed in order to find indications how the mobility
regime dimensions of normalisation, rationalisation
and time-space compression are structured particularly
in the academic system. Using an exploratory research
design and qualitative content analysis to interpret data
of in-depth interviews helps to understand the specific
shape of the regime dimensions. We reconstruct how
dimensions of a mobility regime are perceived across
all sampling groups. Slight group differences in the
perceptions of single dimensions provide additional
insights. We propose the specific concept of an ‘academic
mobility regime’ in order to capture the specifics of the
mobility regime in the academic system
Guest Editorial: Gender and Masculinities in Careers and Leadership in Higher Education
Autor/in:
Sagebiel, Felizitas; White, Kate
Quelle: International Journal of Gender, Science and Technology, 10 (2018) 1, 6 S
Inhalt: This Special Issue, recognising vertical gender segregation in higher education, combines papers focusing on challenges for women in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) disciplines in career progression and taking on leadership roles.
Schlagwörter:Führungsposition; Geschlecht; Geschlechtersegregation; Karriereentwicklung; Männlichkeit; MINT
CEWS Kategorie:Berufsbiographie und Karriere, Wissenschaft als Beruf, Naturwissenschaft und Technik, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Geschlechterverhältnis
Selecting early-career researchers : The influence of discourses of internationalisation and excellence on formal and applied selection criteria in academia
Autor/in:
Herschberg, Channah; Benschop, Yvonne; van den Brink, Marieke
Quelle: High Educ (Higher Education), 4 (2018) 2, 61 S
Inhalt: This article examines how macro-discourses of internationalisation and excellence shape formal and applied selection criteria for early-career researcher positions at the meso-organisational and micro-individual levels, demonstrating how tensions between the various levels produce inequalities in staff evaluation. In this way, this article contributes to the literature on academic staff evaluation by showing that Selection Committee members do not operate in a vacuum, and that their actions are inextricably linked to the meso- and macro-context. This study draws on qualitative multi-level data that comprise institutional-level policies, recruitment and staff protocols, job postings and individual-level interviews and focus groups with Selection Committee members. Findings show that a majority of Selection Committee members consent to university policies and macro-discourses when evaluating early-career researchers, but a smaller group questions and resists these criteria. Furthermore, the analysis revealed four inequalities that emerge in the application of criteria and reflect on disciplinary differences between the Natural and Social Sciences. The article concludes that with only a few Committee members to critically question and resist formal selection criteria, they limit the pool of acceptable candidates to those who fit the narrow definition of the internationally mobile and excellent early-career researcher, which may exclude talented scholars.
The Power of Collegiality : A Qualitative Analysis of University Presidents‘ Leadership in Germany
Autor/in:
Bieletzki, Nadja
Quelle: Wiesbaden: Springer VS (Organization & Public Management), 2018. 2092 S
Inhalt: Nadja Bieletzki explores how university presidents lead universities. She provides insights into the upper echelons of higher education management and focuses especially on university presidents in Germany. Special attention is given to the career background of university presidents and the way they conduct reform projects. Based on the results from semi-structured expert interviews and their qualitative analysis, the author shows that university presidents do not use all their formal power although their position has been strengthened by law. This can be explained by the collegial characteristics of universities, which drive and restrict presidential actions. Contents Analyzing Higher Education Management Career Paths of University Presidents Understanding Reforms in Universities with Micro/Organizational Politics Target Groups Researchers and students in the fields of sociology and political sciences with a focus on higher education research and science studies Science managers at higher education and research institutions as well as ministries with an interest in scientific results of higher education research The Author Dr. Nadja Bieletzki is coordinator of the Leibniz Center for Science and Society (LCSS) at the Leibniz University of Hannover.
Are New Career Models for Science Research Emerging?
Autor/in:
White, Kate
Quelle: International Journal of Gender, Science and Technology, 10 (2018) 1, S 73–87
Inhalt: This paper explores how the traditional gendered model of science excellence impacts on the careers of women scientists. Using an Australian case study, it then examines the following aspects of science careers: what gives scientists job satisfaction; differing perceptions of how to build science careers; how networks, mobility and mentoring are fundamental to research careers; how gender is often a factor in science research careers; and huge generational change underway that is leading to new career models. The paper argues that these new models have the capacity to change the traditional gendered model of science careers.
Schlagwörter:Akademische Karriere; Arbeitszufriedenheit; career paths in science; Exzellenz; Frauen in der Wissenschaft; Gender; Geschlecht; Gleichstellung; Higher Education; Hochschule; Mentoring; Mobilität; Netzwerk; new career models; Österreich; wissenschaftliche Karriere; Wissenschaftskarriere
CEWS Kategorie:Berufsbiographie und Karriere, Wissenschaft als Beruf, Hochschulen, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Geschlechterverhältnis
Quelle: Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht (Beraten in der Arbeitswelt), 2018. 80 Seiten
Inhalt: Chancengleichheit, Frauenquoten in Vorständen und Aufsichtsräten, Diversity Management oder Gender Mainstreaming – diese Debatten sind hoch aktuell. Doch wie gelingt Geschlechtergerechtigkeit tatsächlich in organisationen? Wissen über Gender, organisatio-nale Machtstrukturen und weitere Dimensionen von Ungleichheit ist in der Aus- und Weiterbildung von Coaches und Supervisor*innen noch nicht sehr verbreitet. Daniela Rastetter und Christiane Jüngling schließen diese Lücke. Kompakt und fokussiert zeigen sie anhand von Fallbeispielen, wie die verschiedenen Dimensionen in mikropolitischen Handlungsfeldern zusammenwirken und Erfolgschancen prägen. Denn Beratende brauchen mikro-politische Kompetenz und Genderkompetenz, um auch in Beratung und Supervision mehr Geschlechtergerechtigkeit zu realisieren. Die mikropolitische Perspektive betont, dass unterschiedliche Interessen und Ziele von Einzelpersonen und Gruppen in organisationen alltäglich sind und Interaktionen beeinflussen. Gender und Merkmale wie Hautfarbe, sexuelle orientierung, Herkunft, Sprache oder Religion wirken im Kontext der jeweiligen organisationalen »Innenpolitik«. Wie kann dieses Verständnis von Strukturen und Prozessen der Ungleichheit und Macht in die Beratung eingebracht werden? Das erklären die Autorinnen, denn strategische Beratung unterstützt Klientinnen und Klienten darin, Kompetenzen zu entwickeln, um im beruflichen Kontext passende Lösungen zu finden.
CEWS Kategorie:Arbeitswelt und Arbeitsmarkt, Berufsbiographie und Karriere
Dokumenttyp:Monographie
Gender differences in higher education from a life course perspective : Transitions and social inequality between enrolment and first post-doc position
Autor/in:
Lörz, Markus; Mühleck, Kai
Quelle: High Educ (Higher Education), 62 (2018) 3, 151 S
Inhalt: In the last decades, a vast number of post-industrialised economies have experienced a growing participation of women in higher education. However, men and women still differ with regard to their subsequent academic careers and labour market prospects. While several studies have disentangled the cumulative process of gender inequalities along the path to higher education, few studies cover two or more subsequent transitions in the academic career following graduation from upper-secondary education. We have investigated gender differences at five educational stages between graduation from upper-secondary education and the first post-doc position. To explain gender differences, we have integrated arguments of individual decision-making and educational, familial and work context conditions. This life course perspective leads us to propose several hypotheses on why the academic careers of men and women would differ in terms of transitions to the next education stage and graduation. We test our hypotheses using a longitudinal dataset which covers a large part of individual educational and academic careers of a cohort of students, beginning at the age of 20 years and extending up to the age of 40 years. Our results show that gender differences are more pronounced at the beginning of the academic career and tend to fade out at later stages. In particular, gender differences occur most strongly at transitions to the next educational stage rather than being caused by different graduation rates. These differences can be explained only to a very minor extent by performance. Separated analysis shows that men and women differ in their reasons to start or stop an academic career, with family circumstances in particular having different consequences.
Change and Persistence of Gender Disparities in Academic Careers of Mathematicians and Physicists in Germany
Autor/in:
Langfeldt, Bettina; Mischau, Anina
Quelle: International Journal of Gender, Science and Technology, 10 (2018) 1
Inhalt: This article discusses whether or not gender-related disparities exist within the academic fields of mathematics and physics regarding the application of career knowledge and the experiences of disadvantage in relation to recognition of performance, assessment of professional competencies, and integration into networks. To answer this question, primary data was collected with a structured online survey addressing graduates in both academic fields (n=5,174). The article considers a subsample of respondents working at a university or university of applied sciences (n=1,613). Apart from the gender perspective, other factors potentially influencing the academic careers of mathematicians and physicists, such as being in a certain subject, age cohort or having children, are also considered. Some of the key findings are: a) more gender differences occur in mathematics than in physics; b) the experiences of disadvantage in the workplace constitute a cross-disciplinary phenomenon caused by the gender differentiating academic culture; and c) more female than male academics in both disciplines accept constraints or abandon career goals due to child care. /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Normale Tabelle"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:#0400; mso-fareast-language:#0400; mso-bidi-language:#0400;}
Schlagwörter:academic career; Akademische Karriere; Befragung; career knowledge; Deutschland; Diskriminierung; gender disparities; German higher education system; Geschlechterungleichheit; Hochschule; Hochschulsystem; Karriereplanung; Karriereweg; Leistungsbewertung; mathematics; Mathematik; Netzwerk; physics; Physik; wissenschaftliche Karriere
CEWS Kategorie:Berufsbiographie und Karriere, Wissenschaft als Beruf, Gleichstellungspolitik, Naturwissenschaft und Technik, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung
Ausmaß, Entwicklung und Ursachen sozialer Ungleichheit beim Promotionszugang zwischen 1989–2009
Autor/in:
Jaksztat, Steffen; Lörz, Markus
Quelle: Zeitschrift für Soziologie, 47 (2018) 1, S 46–64
Inhalt: Der Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit der Frage, wie sich herkunftsspezifische Unterschiede beim Promotionszugang im Zeitverlauf entwickelt haben und welche Ursachen möglichen Veränderungen zugrunde liegen. Vor dem Hintergrund kultureller Reproduktions- und rationaler Entscheidungsprozesse werden verschiedene Erklärungsansätze skizziert und hinsichtlich ihrer empirischen Evidenz betrachtet. Als Datenbasis dienen Hochschulabsolventenstudien der Kohorten 1989 bis 2009. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass in allen Jahren bemerkenswerte Unterschiede nach sozialer Herkunft bestehen. Zudem finden sich Hinweise dafür, dass Ungleichheiten am Promotionsübergang im Zeitverlauf tendenziell zugenommen haben. Diese Zunahme ist offenbar vorwiegend auf ein verändertes Bildungsverhalten der weniger privilegierten Gruppen zurückzuführen. Insbesondere die Studienfachwahl, aber auch primäre Herkunftseffekte sowie eine stärkere Einbindung der privilegierten Gruppen in den Universitätsbetrieb in Form von Hilfskrafttätigkeiten scheinen zu zunehmenden Unterschieden geführt zu haben.