Individual or Structural Inequality? Access and Barriers in Welfare Services for Women Who Sell Sex
Autor/in:
Brunovskis, Anette; Skilbrei, May-Len
Quelle: Social Inclusion, 6 (2018) 3, S 310-318
Inhalt: It is often taken for granted that women who sell sex are vulnerable, that welfare services can and should alleviate this vulnerability, and as such, being defined as ‘vulnerable’ can be beneficial and associated with special rights that would otherwise be inaccessible. At the same time, ongoing debates have demonstrated that establishing individuals and groups as vulnerable tends to mask structural factors in inequality and has negative consequences, among them an idea that the path to ‘non-vulnerability’ lies in changing the ‘afflicted’ individuals or groups, not in structures or in addressing unequal access to resources. In this article, we take this as a starting point and discuss challenges for the welfare state in meeting the varied and often complex needs of sex sellers. Based on qualitative research with service providers in specialised social and health services in Norway, we examine access and barriers to services among female sex sellers as well as how vulnerability is understood and shapes what services are available. An important feature of modern prostitution in Norway, as in the rest of Western Europe, is that sex sellers are predominantly migrants with varying migration status and corresponding rights to services. This has influenced the options available to address prostitution as a phenomenon within the welfare state and measures that have previously been helpful for domestic women in prostitution are not easily replicated for the current target population. A starting point in a theoretical understanding that considers vulnerability to be a human predicament (rather than the exception to the rule or a deficit in individuals or groups) allows for a discussion that highlights the centrality of structural conditions rather than a need for change in the individual. In order to understand the limitations of the welfare state in addressing modern prostitution as such, it is highly relevant to look at the structural origin of vulnerabilities that may look individual.
Schlagwörter:Norwegen; Norway; Prostitution; prostitution; Vulnerabilität; vulnerability; Menschenhandel; slave trade; Migration; migration; Ungleichheit; inequality; soziale Unterstützung; social support; Gesundheitsfürsorge; health care services; Sozialpolitik; social policy; service access
Rezension: Jan Wienforth, 2015: Professioneller Habitus in der Jungen_arbeit - zwischen
Reproduktion und Dekonstruktion bestehender Geschlechterkonstruktionen
Autor/in:
Rüttgers, Peter
Quelle: GENDER - Zeitschrift für Geschlecht, Kultur und Gesellschaft, 9 (2017) 1, S 172-174
Zwischen Ausblendung und Sozialpädagogisierung? Dilemmata bei der Konstruktion von LSBT*-Jugendlichen als Zielgruppe Sozialer Arbeit
Titelübersetzung:Between ignorance and pedagogisation? Dilemmas in constructing LGBT youth as a target group for social work
Autor/in:
Schirmer, Uta
Quelle: Diskurs Kindheits- und Jugendforschung / Discourse. Journal of Childhood and Adolescence Research, 12 (2017) 2, S 177-189
Inhalt: "Aktuelle Studien zeigen, dass nicht-heterosexuelle und nicht-cisgeschlechtliche Jugendliche in Deutschland in nahezu allen Bereichen ihres Lebens Erfahrungen der Missachtung, Abwertung und Diskriminierung machen und daher mit besonderen Herausforderungen konfrontiert sind. Dennoch werden ihre Lebenslagen und Bedarfe im Kontext von Jugendhilfe bislang weitgehend ausgeblendet. Erste Ansätze in Fachdiskussion und Praxis, LSBT*-Jugendliche als Adressat_innen explizit zu berücksichtigen, sehen sich jedoch zugleich mit Dilemmata konfrontiert, die notwendig mit der Konstruktion von Zielgruppen Sozialer Arbeit verbunden sind. Der vorliegende Beitrag diskutiert solche Dilemmata und Ambivalenzen vor dem Hintergrund aktueller gesellschaftlicher Entwicklungen bezüglich der (vermeintlichen) Akzeptanz 'sexueller und geschlechtlicher Vielfalt' sowie mit Bezug auf rassistische Implikationen von damit verbundenen Diskursen. Die Überlegungen verstehen sich als Anregungen für eine kritische Reflexion und Weiterentwicklung gegenwärtiger Bemühungen um heteronormativitätskritische Ansätze (auch) im Feld der Jugendhilfe." (Autorenreferat)
Inhalt: "Recent studies show that non-heterosexual and non-cisgender youth in Germany experience disdain, degradation and discrimination in almost every area of their daily lives, and therefore face particular challenges. Nevertheless, their situation and needs remain hitherto largely ignored in the field of youth services. Initial attempts within professional discourse and practice to explicitly address LGBT youth, however, face specific dilemmas that are part and parcel of the construction of target groups for social work. The article discusses such dilemmas and ambivalences against the backdrop of current social developments such as the ostensible acceptance of 'sexual and gender diversity' as well as the racist implications of the discourses associated with these developments. The considerations presented aim to encourage critical reflection and further development of current approaches that allow for critical engagement with heteronormativity in the field of youth services." (author's abstract)
FemiCare und MaskuWork - Geschlechtlichkeiten im Feld der Sorgearbeit: Tagung im Forschungsverbund ForGenderCare am 17. und 18. November 2016 an der Hochschule Landshut
Titelübersetzung:FemiCare and MaskuWork - Sexualities in the field of care work: Conference of the ForGenderCare research network, 17/18 November 2016, Landshut University
Autor/in:
Vogelgesang, Laura Marie
Quelle: GENDER - Zeitschrift für Geschlecht, Kultur und Gesellschaft, 9 (2017) 2, S 137-141
Inhalt: "Die Tagung 'FemiCare und MaskuWork' beschäftigte sich mit den Zusammenhängen von Care und Gender. Die Referierenden und Teilnehmenden aus unterschiedlichen Bereichen der Praxis, Politik und Forschung diskutierten gemeinsam Fragen zu Zukunft, Historie und Mythen sowie rechtlichen und politischen Regulierungen der Care-Arbeit. In den Panels wurden dabei insbesondere neue Medien und Vorstellungen von Privatheit und Öffentlichkeit, transkultureller Wandel, unterschiedliche Lebens- und Familienformen, Konzepte von Männlichkeit und Weiblichkeit sowie technische Neuerungen und deren Einflüsse auf das Feld der Fürsorge thematisiert. Die Tagung fand im Rahmen des bayerischen Forschungsverbundes ForGenderCare statt, in dem sich elf bayerische Forschungseinrichtungen zusammengeschlossen haben." (Autorenreferat)
Inhalt: "The conference 'FemiCare and MaskuWork' dealt with the connections between gender and care. The speakers and participants from different areas, including practitioners, politicians and academics, discussed questions regarding the future, history and myths as well as the legal and political regulation of care work. The panels and discussions broached the subject of the new media, ideas of the private and the public, transcultural change, diverse ways of life and different family forms, conceptions of masculinity and femininity, and technical innovations and their influence in the field of care work. The conference took place in the context of the Bavarian ForGenderCare research network comprising 11 Bavarian research institutions." (author's abstract)
Schlagwörter:Sozialarbeit; social work; Fürsorge; welfare care; Pflege; caregiving; gender-specific factors; Geschlechterverhältnis; gender relations; Gender; gender; Arbeitsteilung; division of labor; Weiblichkeit; femininity; Männlichkeit; masculinity; Geschlechtsrolle; gender role; Familienform; family structure; Federal Republic of Germany; Care-Arbeit
SSOAR Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Sozialwesen, Sozialplanung, Sozialarbeit, Sozialpädagogik, Familiensoziologie, Sexualsoziologie
Probleme und Hemmnisse mit der Diversität Sexueller Orientierung in der stationären Kinder- und Jugendhilfe - empirisches Forschungsprojekt
Autor/in:
Baer, Steffen
Quelle: Hochschule RheinMain, FB Sozialwesen; Wiesbaden, 2017. 105 S
Inhalt: Diese Arbeit geht der Frage nach, ob es in der stationären Kinder- und Jugendhilfe Hemmnisse im Umgang mit lesbischen, schwulen oder bisexuellen Jugendlichen gibt und zu welchen Problemen in der pädagogischen Arbeit eine nicht heterosexuelle Orientierung führen kann. Hierfür wurde ein quantitatives Forschungsdesign gewählt, welches mit Hilfe eines standardisierten Fragebogens versucht, die benannte Frage zu beantworten.
Grundlegend wird in den Ergebnissen beschrieben, dass es sowohl Hemmnisse als auch Probleme im Umgang mit der Zielgruppe gibt, welche je nach Ausgangssituation und strukturellen Gegebenheiten stark voneinander unterschieden werden müssen.
Hieraus lässt sich schließen, dass die Soziale Arbeit im Bereich der Kinder- und Jugendhilfe im Kontext sozialer Gerechtigkeit noch Defizite aufarbeiten muss um Kindern und Jugendlicher aller Orientierungen und Biografien einen sicheren Ort zu bieten.
Inhalt: This work addresses the question of whether there are barriers to the treatment of lesbian, gay or bisexual adolescents in inpatient child and adolescent care, and to which problems in pedagogical work a non-heterosexual orientation can lead. For this purpose, a quantitative research design was selected, which, using a standardized questionnaire, tries to answer the question. Basically, the results show that there are both obstacles and problems with the target group, which have to be distinguished strongly depending on the initial situation and the structural conditions. It can be concluded that social work in the field of child and youth welfare needs to address deficits in the context of social justice, in order to provide a safe place for children and adolescents of all orientations and biographies.
Schlagwörter:Jugendhilfe; youth welfare; betreutes Wohnen; assisted living; Heimerziehung; upbringing in an institution home; sexuelle Orientierung; sexual orientation; Geschlechtsrolle; gender role; Heterosexualität; heterosexuality; Normativität; normativity; Sozialpädagoge; educational social worker; Einstellung; attitude; Sexualerziehung; sex education; Federal Republic of Germany; Sexuelle Orientierung, Kinder- und Jugendhilfe, Ablehnung
Promoting social inclusion through sport for refugee-background youth in Australia: analysing different participation models
Autor/in:
Gibbs, Lisa; Block, Karen
Quelle: Social Inclusion, 5 (2017) 2, S 91-100
Inhalt: Sports participation can confer a range of physical and psychosocial benefits and, for refugee and migrant youth, may even act as a critical mediator for achieving positive settlement and engaging meaningfully in Australian society. This group has low participation rates however, with identified barriers including costs; discrimination and a lack of cultural sensitivity in sporting environments; lack of knowledge of mainstream sports services on the part of refugee-background settlers; inadequate access to transport; culturally determined gender norms; and family attitudes. Organisations in various sectors have devised programs and strategies for addressing these participation barriers. In many cases however, these responses appear to be ad hoc and under-theorised. This article reports findings from a qualitative exploratory study conducted in a range of settings to examine the benefits, challenges and shortcomings associated with different participation models. Interview participants were drawn from non-government organisations, local governments, schools, and sports clubs. Three distinct models of participation were identified, including short term programs for refugee-background children; ongoing programs for refugee-background children and youth; and integration into mainstream clubs. These models are discussed in terms of their relative challenges and benefits and their capacity to promote sustainable engagement and social inclusion for this population group.
The Inclusion Conundrum: A Critical Account of Youth and Gender Issues Within and Beyond Sport for Development and Peace Interventions
Autor/in:
Howe, P. David; Collison, Holly; Darnell, Simon; Giulianotti, Richard
Quelle: Social Inclusion, 5 (2017) 2, S 223-231
Inhalt: The sport for development and peace (SDP) sector is made up of various development-focused policies and programs that seek to engage, stabilise, empower and create social and economic change. SDP projects, most often run by non-governmental organisations (NGOs), have been implemented in regions enduring physical conflicts, health pandemics, major gender divisions and other social crises that have a great impact on youth. In this context, sport has been accorded the difficult task of facilitating greater access for marginal, vulnerable or community groups whilst positively contributing to the attainment of diverse development objectives. While the ‘where’ and ‘why’ of SDP has been largely accounted for, the attention in this article is on the ‘who’ of SDP in relation to the notion of inclusion. Drawing on extensive research conducted in Jamaica, Kosovo, Rwanda and Sri Lanka, the idea of SDP as an inclusionary practice is critically investigated. While SDP may ‘give voice’ to participants, especially to individuals with athletic ability or sporting interests, the extent to which this creates social contexts that are fundamentally inclusive remains open to discussion. In this sense, while targeting populations, groups or individuals remains an attractive strategy to achieve specific goals, for example youth empowerment or gender equality, empirical assessments complicate the presumption that SDP programming leads to inclusion, particularly at a larger societal level. The article considers a matrix of inclusion criteria, potential outcomes, and the tensions arising between targeted SDP programming and the often-exclusionary dimensions of sport more broadly, with a focus on youth and gender issues.
Schlagwörter:Jugendlicher; adolescent; Sport; sports; Förderung; promotion; Gleichstellung; affirmative action; Inklusion; inclusion; soziale Integration; social integration; Jamaika; Jamaica; Kosovo; Kosovo; Ruanda; Rwanda; Sri Lanka; Sri Lanka; Entwicklungsland; developing country; soziale Partizipation; social participation; gender-specific factors; nichtstaatliche Organisation; non-governmental organization; Freiwilligenarbeit; volunteerism; sport for development and peace
Decolonial perspectives on charitable spaces of "welcome culture" in Germany
Autor/in:
Braun, Katherine
Quelle: Social Inclusion, 5 (2017) 3, S 38-48
Inhalt: This article focusses on the relationships between volunteers and refugees in the German "welcome culture". I highlight the continuities between historical and colonial notions of feminine charity and contemporary volunteering efforts in support of refugees in Germany. The "welcome culture" is conceived here as a charitable space that is historically sedimented by specific understandings of gender, racial and class difference. In particular, the difference between the modern emancipated female volunteer and the female oppressed refugee plays a central role. The question of female self-determination, then, becomes an important social arena in the German "welcome culture", through which the rate and terms of participation of refugees in social life are negotiated. Thus I draw on decolonial thought as well as theoretical insights from post-development scholarship and critical studies of humanitarianism in order to consider the multitemporal and transnational character of current "welcome culture" as well as to gain a better understanding of the entailed power relations. These are more contingent than might first appear. Presenting findings from my ongoing fieldwork I conclude that the notion of "welcome culture" allows for the emergence of new forms of sociality.
Schlagwörter:Flüchtling; refugee; Flüchtlingspolitik; policy on refugees; ausländischer Arbeitnehmer; foreign worker; Freiwilligkeit; voluntariness; Kolonialismus; colonialism; politische Kultur; political culture; Emotionalität; emotionality; bürgerschaftliches Engagement; citizens' involvement; Sozialität; sociality; Federal Republic of Germany; Willkommenskultur
SSOAR Kategorie:politische Willensbildung, politische Soziologie, politische Kultur, Sozialwesen, Sozialplanung, Sozialarbeit, Sozialpädagogik, Kultursoziologie, Kunstsoziologie, Literatursoziologie
Zwischen Ausblendung und Sozialpädagogisierung? Dilemmata bei der Konstruktion von LSBT*-Jugendlichen als Zielgruppe Sozialer Arbeit
Titelübersetzung:Between ignorance and pedagogisation? Dilemmas in constructing LGBT youth as a target group for social work
Autor/in:
Schirmer, Uta
Quelle: Diskurs Kindheits- und Jugendforschung / Discourse. Journal of Childhood and Adolescence Research, 12 (2017) 2, S 177-189
Inhalt: "Aktuelle Studien zeigen, dass nicht-heterosexuelle und nicht-cisgeschlechtliche Jugendliche in Deutschland in nahezu allen Bereichen ihres Lebens Erfahrungen der Missachtung, Abwertung und Diskriminierung machen und daher mit besonderen Herausforderungen konfrontiert sind. Dennoch werden ihre Lebenslagen und Bedarfe im Kontext von Jugendhilfe bislang weitgehend ausgeblendet. Erste Ansätze in Fachdiskussion und Praxis, LSBT*-Jugendliche als Adressat_innen explizit zu berücksichtigen, sehen sich jedoch zugleich mit Dilemmata konfrontiert, die notwendig mit der Konstruktion von Zielgruppen Sozialer Arbeit verbunden sind. Der vorliegende Beitrag diskutiert solche Dilemmata und Ambivalenzen vor dem Hintergrund aktueller gesellschaftlicher Entwicklungen bezüglich der (vermeintlichen) Akzeptanz 'sexueller und geschlechtlicher Vielfalt' sowie mit Bezug auf rassistische Implikationen von damit verbundenen Diskursen. Die Überlegungen verstehen sich als Anregungen für eine kritische Reflexion und Weiterentwicklung gegenwärtiger Bemühungen um heteronormativitätskritische Ansätze (auch) im Feld der Jugendhilfe." (Autorenreferat)
Inhalt: "Recent studies show that non-heterosexual and non-cisgender youth in Germany experience disdain, degradation and discrimination in almost every area of their daily lives, and therefore face particular challenges. Nevertheless, their situation and needs remain hitherto largely ignored in the field of youth services. Initial attempts within professional discourse and practice to explicitly address LGBT youth, however, face specific dilemmas that are part and parcel of the construction of target groups for social work. The article discusses such dilemmas and ambivalences against the backdrop of current social developments such as the ostensible acceptance of 'sexual and gender diversity' as well as the racist implications of the discourses associated with these developments. The considerations presented aim to encourage critical reflection and further development of current approaches that allow for critical engagement with heteronormativity in the field of youth services." (author's abstract)