Inhalt: How to study inequality in innovation? Often, the focus has been gender gaps in patenting. Yet much is missing from our understanding of gendered inequality in innovation with this focus. This review discusses how gender and innovation are intertwined in durable academic inequalities and have implications for who is served by innovation. It summarizes research on gender and race gaps in academic entrepreneurship (including patenting), reasons for those longstanding inequities, and concludes with discussing why innovation gaps matter, including the need to think critically about academic commercialization. And while literature exists on gender gaps in academic entrepreneurship and race gaps in patenting, intersectional analyses of innovation are missing. Black feminist theorists have taught us that gender and race are overlapping and inseparable systems of oppression. We cannot accurately understand inequality in innovation without intersectionality, so this is a serious gap in current research. Intersectional research on gender and innovation is needed across epistemic approaches and methods. From understanding discrimination in academic entrepreneurship to bringing together critical analyses of racial capitalism and academic capitalism, there is much work to do.

Schlagwörter:academic capitalism; entrepreneurship; Gender; higher education; Hochschule; Innovation; intersectional research; intersectionality; Patent; race; Racial Capitalism

CEWS Kategorie:Diversity, Wissenschaftspolitik, Hochschulen, Geschlechterverhältnis

Verfügbarkeit:https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/soc4.12964

Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz

Inhalt: To survive and grow public Research and Development (R&D) centres need to raise competitive funds (Bazeley 1998; Lee and Om 1996; Muñoz 2007; Santamaría, Brage-Gil and Modrego 2010). The factors that can influence the capacity of national R&D teams within R&D centres to apply for and obtain competitive funding does not seem to have been studied in depth. The purpose of study is to firstly, to examine whether a consistent set of priorities defined by R&D centre lead principal investigators secures more competitive funding. Secondly, to examine whether the PI gender moderates the effect of the PI’s priorities on the amount of competitive public funds that the R&D team of the PI obtains. Our study focuses on R&D activities carried out in Spanish public centres in the areas of Health and Biomedicine. Our results found that there were no gender differences in relation to the acquisition of competitive funding which is contrary to findings of other studies (Mayer and Rathmann 2018; Lerchenmueller and Sorenson, 2018).

Schlagwörter:Gender; Innovation; leadership; public funding; R&D

CEWS Kategorie:Wissenschaftspolitik

Verfügbarkeit:https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10438599.2020.18...

Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz

Schlagwörter:Befristung; Beschäftigungsbedingungen; Beschäftigungsdauer; Drittmittel; Evaluation; Evaluationsbericht; Promotion; Qualifizierung; Vertragsbedingung; WissZeitVG (Wissenschaftszeitvertragsgesetz)

CEWS Kategorie:Wissenschaftspolitik, Wissenschaft als Beruf

Verfügbarkeit:https://www.bmbf.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/de/2022/abschlussbe...

Dokumenttyp:Graue Literatur, Bericht

Inhalt: Zahlreiche aktuelle Förderprogramme der Wissenschaftslandschaft sind für die Beantragenden mit hohem Ressourcenaufwand bei geringen Erfolgsaussichten verbunden und haben dadurch einen oft überraschend geringen Nutzen für die Wissenschaft als Ganzes. Zu diesem Ergebnis kommen aktive und ehemalige Mitglieder der Jungen Akademie im Rahmen eines Projekts der Arbeitsgruppe Wissenschaftspolitik. Ihre Ergebnisse sind am 31.01.2022 im wissenschaftlichen Journal Nature Human Behaviour erschienen (https://www.nature.com/nathumbehav/). Die Autor*innen zeigen in ihrer Publikation, dass viele Förderprogramme aufgrund einer Kombination aus hohem Aufwand und geringer Erfolgsquote oft ähnlich viele Ressourcen der wissenschaftlichen Gemeinschaft in Form von Arbeitsstunden abziehen wie sie durch die Vergabe von Fördergeldern wieder ausschütten. Der Aufwand für detaillierte Anträge und Begutachtungen wird dabei nur sehr eingeschränkt dem Anspruch gerecht, die vorgeschlagenen Forschungsprojekte zuverlässig in eine Rangfolge ihrer Forschungsqualität zu stellen. „Das derzeitige Drittmittelsystem kommt in vielen Fällen einer Lotterie nahe – allerdings einer sehr ineffizienten Lotterie“, so Martin Dresler, Neurowissenschaftler am Radboud University Medical Center und Mitglied der Jungen Akademie. In vielen Ländern werden Forschungsprojekte zunehmend durch einen Wettbewerb von Forschungsanträgen statt über die Grundausstattung der Universitäten finanziert. Die hohen Kosten dieser Form der Mittelvergabe in Form zahlreicher Arbeitsstunden entgehen häufig dem Blick sowohl der Mittelgeber wie der Forschenden. Neben dem Appell an die Forschungsförderer, die eigenen Förderinstrumente hinsichtlich ihrer Effizienz zu überprüfen, schlagen die aktiven und ehemaligen Mitglieder der Jungen Akademie einen transparenten Umgang mit dem durchschnittlichen Aufwand und den Erfolgsaussichten einzelner Förderprogramme vor. Mit dem im Rahmen des Projekts der Jungen Akademie entwickelten Online-Tool http://f.unding.com können potenzielle Antragstellende den Förderbetrag mit dem zu erwartenden Zeitaufwand abgleichen und abwägen, ob eine Antragstellung sinnvoll ist. Möglichkeiten der Optimierung des Drittmittelsystems sehen die Autor*innen außerdem in der Etablierung alternativer Antragsverfahren oder in der grundsätzlichen Verlagerung der Fördergeld-Verteilung weg von aufwändigen Wettbewerben hin zu einer verstärkten Basisfinanzierung der Universitäten.

Schlagwörter:Antragserfolg; application; Drittmittel; ERC; Finanzierung; Forschungsförderung; Wissenschaftssystem

CEWS Kategorie:Wissenschaftspolitik

Verfügbarkeit:https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41562-021-01286-3

Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz

Schlagwörter:academic freedom; "cancel culture"; Diskussion; Meinungsfreiheit; Methodik; Sozialwissenschaft; Toleranz

CEWS Kategorie:Wissenschaftspolitik, Wissenschaft als Beruf

Verfügbarkeit:https://www.bpb.de/apuz/Wissenschaftsfreiheit-2021/343228/la...

Dokumenttyp:Sammelwerksbeitrag

Inhalt: This study examines gender disparities in the world’s 141 most prestigious international research awards. I find that (a) from 2001 to 2020 these awards were received 3,445 times by 2,011 men and 262 women; (b) women’s share increased from an annual average of 6% during 2001–2005 to an annual average of 19% during 2016–2020; (c) 49 of the 141 awards were not received by women during 2016–2020; and (d) when the numbers of female full professors are taken into consideration, the gender gap remains highly disproportionate in biological and life sciences, computer science, and mathematics. Overall, women would be expected to increase their share of awards by nearly 50% to achieve parity with men today. The study shows great similarities between men and women award recipients in journal articles per author, the average number of authors per article, the proportion of articles in top journals, citations per article, and participation in large research groups and international collaborations. I conclude that the gender gap in highly prestigious research awards is largely a result of demographic inertia and other factors that deserve further investigation.

Schlagwörter:Awards and Prizes; Forschung; Forschungsförderung; gender gap; Preis (Forschungs-/Lehr-); woman in science

CEWS Kategorie:Wissenschaftspolitik, Geschlechterverhältnis

Verfügbarkeit:https://dx.doi.org/10.1162/qss_a_00148

Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz

Inhalt: Ob Corona-Krise oder Klimawandel: Politik ist auf wissenschaftliche Beratung angewiesen. Welche allgemeinen Regeln und Prinzipien gelten dafür? Wer berät mit welchem Wissen? Wer findet warum Gehör? Und welchen Einfluss hat öffentliche Kommunikation?

Schlagwörter:COVID-19; Krise; Politikberatung; Wissenstransfer

CEWS Kategorie:Wissenschaftspolitik

Verfügbarkeit:https://www.bpb.de/apuz/wissen-2021/325609/wissenschaftliche...

Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz

Inhalt: “This book investigates the gendered dimensions of academic life in the contemporary Australian university. It examines key discourses – most notably academic performativity and identity – through a feminist lens, and scrutinises how discourses of neoliberalism and feminism are entangled in the structure, systems, operations and cultures of the university. Drawing on in-depth qualitative interviews with academic women in Australia, the author uses a mix of experimental methods to emphasise the performative and discursive decisions women make with regard to their academic careers. In doing so, this book reveals how women themselves generate neoliberal and feminist shifts, how they manage the contradictions they produce, and how they carve spaces of influence and authority. Moving towards a re-evaluation of existing discourses, this book offers new insights into gender inequality in the Australian university in neoliberal times.”

Schlagwörter:academia; Australia; neoliberal university

CEWS Kategorie:Wissenschaftspolitik, Wissenschaft als Beruf

Dokumenttyp:Monographie

Inhalt: In academic, non-profit and business research, project funding and grants are important elements to promote science, boost innovation and support researchers on their career paths. However, they are also powerful instruments to materialize and prioritize major principles of science policy and social values such as gender equality and equity. An analysis of research funding processes and organisations in the scope of the EU project CHANGE1 could illuminate gender policies and practices, aiming at a more diverse and gender equitable research and innovation landscape, but could also reveal inherent gender biases. This paper particularly focuses on the results of 41 expert interviews on research budgets, gender policies and practices in research funding in the three “strong innovator”-countries Austria, Germany and Israel, and explores the hidden potential of gender in science and research funding in all sectors.

Schlagwörter:Austria; Auswahlverfahren; Deutschland; Forschungsförderung; gender bias; gender policy; Germany; grant application; Israel; Österreich; research funding

CEWS Kategorie:Wissenschaftspolitik, Wissenschaft als Beruf, Geschlechterverhältnis

Verfügbarkeit:https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=6188f9f344e7e&locat...

Dokumenttyp:Graue Literatur, Bericht

Inhalt: Universities can be viewed and studied as political institutions, especially considering that they sit at the crossroads of social, cultural, and economic pressures. The internal and external environment of higher education brings with it multiple and complex relationships as well as power struggles. Within these contested political spaces, there are phenomena to be studied. While the field of higher education draws from a multitude of disciplines, some scholars argue that only recently has scholarship focused on the political perspectives of higher education. To better understand the politics and policies of higher education, Universities as Political Institutions illuminates a variety of ways that researchers view and study universities as a political institution, from considering the national and international political pressures shaping higher education to the analysis of responses and political action from within the ivory tower. The 2017 annual CHER conference in Jyväskylä (Finland) brought together 213 scholars from 30 countries. This book includes a selection of papers and keynote presentations from this conference. The thematic approach of the book reflects the 2017 conference theme: "Universities as Political Institutions – Higher Education Institutions in the Middle of Academic, Economic, and Social Pressures". The theme focused on multiple and often complex relations and relationships, internal and external, to higher education institutions. In this context, "political" refers not only to definitions, uses, and users of power but more broadly to a variety of relationships among different actors and agencies responsible for making, executing, or resisting decisions concerning higher education institutions.

Schlagwörter:Hochschulentwicklung; Hochschulpolitik; Institution; internationaler Vergleich; Organisation; Universität

CEWS Kategorie:Europa und Internationales, Wissenschaftspolitik, Hochschulen

Dokumenttyp:Sammelwerk